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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
 463   464   465   466   467 
Profile of Fatal Head Injury Cases Autopsied at District Governament Hospital Mortuary Ashokkumar Rajaput; Kumar H; Faisal Nasim Gilani; Eshwar S Goudar
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15290

Abstract

Background and Objectives: the study of profile of skull fractures is important as head being the most exposed and prominent part of body; it becomes most susceptible to injuries, as a result of criminal violence or accident. The present study was taken up to know the incidence of head injuries, age relationship,sex relationship, agent causing skull fractures, common skull bone fractures. Methodology: data in the current study was collected from the autopsy reports and from police inquest of all fatal skull fractures from the period of june 2012 to may 2014 irrespective of age and sex with history of death due to head injuries brought for postmortem examination to the department of forensic medicine & toxicology, al-ameen medical college mortuary and district hospital mortuary, bijapur between june 2012 to may 2014.Results: most common circumstance causing skull fractures are road traffic accidents in 77 cases (81.94 %). Male preponderance over females noted in this study with males constituting 80 cases (85.10 %) and females 14 cases (14.89 %). The most common age group affected was 21-30 years. Blunt force is the most common agent causing the skull fracture in 90 cases (95.74 %) and least is sharp in 4 cases (4.25 %). Among skull fracture comminuted fracture were seen in 46 cases (48.93%) , linear fracture in 38 cases (40.42%), depressed fracture in 8cases (8.5%) and sutural fracture in 1 case and gutter fracture in 1 case (1.06%) respectively. Temporal bone was the commonest bone fracture in 17 cases (18.08%). Conclusion: the study had concluded that incidence of skull fractures were common at the age group of 21-30 years, with male predominance, most common cases were those of RTA, cause of death that were given in majority of cases was that of Head injury as a consequence of injuries sustained.
Awareness of Non-communicable diseases and their Risk Factors among Adolescents: A Comparative Questionnaire Study Athira Bhaskaran; Juniya Thomas; Roselin Sumesh; Kevin Rodrigues; Shycil Mathew
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15291

Abstract

Background: Non-communicable diseases are also known as chronic diseases. The burdens of noncommunicable diseases are increasing day by day. Disability and early death are the results, which are turning out to be the biggest concern for health in the world. The purpose of the study was to assess the awareness of non-communicable diseases and their risk factors among adolescents studying in selected high schools at Mangaluru. Methods: A comparative descriptive research design was adopted for this study. The sample was drawn through a simple random sampling technique and the sample consisted of 120 (60 each) urban and rural adolescents. The tool used for the study was a demographic proforma and structured knowledge questionnaire. Conclusion: The mean percentage of the awareness scores among urban adolescents was 60.31% when compared to rural adolescents 43.06%. There was a significant difference in the level of awareness on non-communicable diseases and its risk factors between urban and rural adolescents that is, the calculated t value (t118=25.55) is greater than the table value (t118=1.98) at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study suggest that schools should play an active role and on another side parents need to provide a supportive environment for their children to adopt a healthy lifestyle.
Self-isolation of Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary Care Center – Association between their Sleep Quality, Anxiety Status and Social Capital Avik Kumar Layek; Nilanjana Ghosh; Jagadish Biswas; SpandanBhaduri
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15292

Abstract

With the rapid spread of COVID-19 since its inception a year back, the frontline healthcare workers, who underwent isolation and quarantine following possible exposure, faced multiple psychiatric problems like deterioration of sleep quality and anxiety manifestations. Different demographic variables were found to be associated with their occurrence, as well as inter-relation between them were found to be common. We tried to examine the role of social support system as well to the appearance of such problems in the present study. After getting the ethical clearance, willing healthcare workers during their isolation and quarantine were presented questionnaires consisting of Socio-demographic proforma, Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Personal Social Capital Scale 16 (PSCS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data taken were analysed with independent t test and Fishers exact chi square test, Pearson’s correlation analysis and linear regression analysis. Majority of the subjects were married Hindu female from urban background, mostly doctor and nurse by profession. Independent T test revealed significant association between gender and anxiety status as well as between marital status and sleep quality. Positive correlation between the PSCS scores and the SAS scores (r=0.652, P<0.01) and negative correlations between the PSCS and PSQI scores and between the SAS and PSQI score were found albeit being statistically insignificant. Significant association was found between the SAS score and social bridging component of PSCS (Fishers exact chi sq. value 0.54 and p = 0.003). Anxiety score was significantly affected when the socio-demographic factors like gender, religion, marital status and scores of sleep quality (PSQI) and social capital (PSCS) were considered together as seen in the linear regression analysis.
Changing Trends (Patterns) of Human Poisoning in Kadapa Region – a Five Years Study B. Nagendra Prasad; L. Anand Kumar
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15293

Abstract

“Caution is advised while decontaminating a victim of poisoning. Over enthusiasm may result in the patient, not the poison” – John Morrision Poisoning has been known to mankind since time immemorial and the study of various poisons and their effects has always fascinated mankind. References to poisons and various instances of poisoning are available in Indian Shastras, Egyptian Papyari and Sumerian writings.1Since then many substances considered advantages and disadvantages in the form of food or poisons have been discovered. Those substances which are used unfortunately to take away the man’s life or cause ill health have been changing. Some of the great persons who were poisoned to death are Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj,2-3 whose bed was poisoned, Socrates, who was made to drink Hemlock (Conium maculatum) and Rasputin who was poisoned with cyanide and then shot. Aluminum phosphide poisoning, a rodenticide is also posing a formidable challenge and is on the way for taking the number one position. As poisoning trends go on changing, it is necessary to know the poisoning trends from time to time.
Comparison of the Traditional Chalkboard Lecture System with the Powerpoint Presentation: as a Teaching Technique for Medical Students Deka Subha; Das Anandita; Ullah Kalim; Doungel Nomi
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15294

Abstract

Introduction:The emerging technologies made by day changing the techniques of teaching medical education. The teaching technique has changed since the last decade from the old traditional technique of chalk and talk (CNT) to a newer technique of Power-point presentation (PPT) to the video classrooms converting the whole traditional environment of the classrooms. This paper aims to access the perception of the medical students about these two instructional methods. Materials and methods: In this study cross-sectional descriptive survey was used. Medical students were selected through non-probability convenient sampling. The data were collected using a questionnaire-based survey about their views and perception of two lecture delivery methods, viz., PPT presentation, and using a chalkboard. For each of the two methods, the students were asked to rank twelve comments on a four-point scale: strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 16 and the results expressed as proportions. Results: In our study, more than 97% of our study respondents emphasized the value of chalk and talk and declared it a more effective and useful teaching tool in their learning experience than PowerPoint (86%) and recommended it for teaching. Conclusion: Both CNT, as well as PPT, are effective methods for medical education and both can be used in combination for the effective delivery of classroom sessions.
Cephalometric Norms-based on Steiner’s Analysis on Young Adults of Tamil Nadu Population Evan. A. Clement; Navaneetha Nambi; Anusha Sreedharan; Dharmisha; Arshitha Ramesh
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15295

Abstract

Aim-The purpose of the study was to establish skeletal and dental parameters for Tamil Nadu young adults using Steiner’s analysis and comparing it with Caucasians, as well as other racial groups. Materials &Methods- A study of 70 south Indian young adults (35 male and 35 female) within the age range of 18-28 years with acceptable profile and occlusion was selected for the study and assessed using Steiner’s analysis. Results- The Tamil Nadu population showed a more skeletally protrusive maxilla, dentally proclined and forwardly positioned upper and lower incisor, it also exhibited a horizontal growth pattern when compared with Caucasians norms. The Tamil Nadu male samples reported a protrusive skeletal and dental pattern when compared to female samples. Conclusion-The result of the study supports the fact that the norms and standards of one racial group could not be used without modification for other racial groups and each different racial group would have to be treated according to its individual characteristics. A case of malocclusion needs to be treated based on the individual merits and demerits of that case and not based on a template of norms derived from mean values of select subject groups with ideal occlusion and proportion.
Glyphosate, Phorate, and Monocrotophos Hazardous Pesticide Usage and Its Public Health Impact – An Empirical Analysis Elakiya Sugumaran; Prashanthy.M.R; Bharathwaj; Prabu.D; Sunayana Manipal; Rajmohan; Vishali.M
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15296

Abstract

Background: Pesticides are used extensively around the world and it has many health significance due to the usage of glyphosate,phorates, and monocrotophos that were mainly used as organophosphate pesticides in all the countries. Aim: To evaluate the countries which banned glyphosate, phorates, and monocrotophos hazardous pesticide usage and to assess the severity of risks caused by exposure of the pesticides.Methodology: This study was based on a review of scientific publications on usage of hazardous pesticides such as glyphosate, phorates, monocrotophos, and its impact on public health.Data were retrieved from the manual and electronic database by using the search engines (PubMed and google scholar). Results: European countries had banned glyphosate, phorate, and Monocrotophos pesticides within the year 2015 to 2019 whereas in India, two states namely Punjab and Kerala had banned glyphosate pesticides by the year 2018 to 2019, Phorates pesticides had banned in 2019, and monocrotophos pesticides were banned by the two states namely Punjab and Maharashtra in the year 2018. Glyphosate pesticides caused more impact on cancer and other health effects in the body in contrast to the other two pesticides had a lesser impact on cancer.Conclusion: Chemical pesticides can protect and improve farm productivity. However, their inimical and environmental health effects makes an inadequate long-term solution. Hence, to overcome this problem, there must be minimization of the usage of chemical pesticides and introduction of eco-friendly natural pesticides, which are easily accessible, low cost, and healthy method of a pest control system.
Covid-19: Information, Transference, Properties of Human Coronaviruses, and Enhancing Immunity by Dietary Recommendations Dalia I. Hemdan
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.15297

Abstract

In Wuhan City, China was found a new type of viral infection could be a novel CoV strain (2019-nCoV)which as an acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and formerly, severe acute respiratorysyndrome (SARS). All these emerging infectious diseases are caused great damage to general health.NewCoronavirus has diffused very quickly at the world and the World Health Organization has declared it apandemic. It usually affects people who are immunocompromised. Immunodeficiency often comes fromnutritional deficiency and this makes viruses stronger. Therefore, this review focused on the identification ofthe SARS-CoV-2 virus, its transmission and spread, and the history of Coronavirus. In addition, how to boostimmunity by learn about nutrition recommendations and healthy diets during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Legal Contemplation Regarding Healthcare and Covid-19 Bhupinder Singh
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15298

Abstract

Public healthcare and disease prevention is the utmost concerns of the governments around the world. The quality, accountability and accessibility of health infrastructure along with medicines are desired so that the people use these resources at the time of medical emergency. Good health is measured when the mortality rate, malnutrition, huger, pollution and other parameters are low and does not impact upon the individual’s life. The communicable and non-communicable diseases put harmful effect on the health and life the people and COVID-19 which is a pandemic spread all over the world through transmission. The World Health Organisation issued various guidelines for safety and security but it’s a medical emergency like situation and governments of the countries already framed rule and regulations for the prevention/ protection and eliminate the transmission of disease through lockdown. There are number of legal provisions at international and national level for health and medicare as well as implementation of government mandates for protection from corona virus.
Misinterpretation of Section 304A IPC vis-a-vis 304IPC in medical Negligence cases – Deliberate or Inadvertent? Binay Kuma; Avinash Kumar; Vinita Kumari; Ashok Rastogi; Himanshi
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 3 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15299

Abstract

Negligence is specific tort and in any given circumstances is the failure to exercise that care which the circumstances demand. What amounts to negligence depends on the facts of each particular case. The degree of care required in a particular case depends upon the surrounding circumstances, and may vary according to the amount of risk to be encountered and to the magnitude of the prospective injury. A basic knowledge of how judicial forums deal with the cases relating to medical negligence is of absolute necessity for doctors. The need for such knowledge is more now than before. In light of higher premium being placed by the Indian Forums on the value of human life and suffering, but sometimes misinterpretations are done deliberately or inadvertently when the doctors are charged for culpable homicide not amounting to murder (304 IPC) instead of medical negligence (304 A IPC). A case of medical negligence is being discussed in which a gynaecologist has been charged for 304IPC instead of 304A IPC. The scenario was that, the patient died after readmission in private hospital, who had delivered a healthy baby, managed properly and discharged by the Gynaecologist and suffered undiagnosed complications after discharge at home. The charge was framed that the doctor was absent from the hospital and the case was handled by nurses on telephonic conversation with doctor. Earlier also the doctors had been prosecuted under 304IPC instead of 304A IPC in lower courts and even high courts (e.g. Jacob Mathews V. State of Punjab, Dr. Suresh Gupta V. Govt. of NCT Delhi). But in many cases, finally Supreme Court set aside the judgement of high court and held that the doctors could not be criminally prosecuted.

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