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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
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Analysis of Motor Vehicle Accidents in Karnataka Between 2008-2017 Manashree Mane; Ambulu V R; Ajay Kumar. S; Harshavardhan. V; Akhil Navle; Pradeep HV
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i3.18289

Abstract

Background: Motor vehicle collisions usually result in consequences like property damage, injury and death. Itcausesfinancial losses to the victim himself, families of the victim and to the country. Traffic collision often resultsin injury, death or property damage.Purpose: The objective of the research is to provide a better understanding on motor vehicle accidents that occurredin the time span of 2008-2017 in Karnataka.Procedure: The data obtained was secondary data from report of Ministry of Road Transport and Highways andCEIC Data Global Database website. This data was then categorised under India Premium Database’s AutomobileSector- table IN.RAF018: Road Accidents: Karnataka.Conclusion: From the data obtained it is seen that the rate of Motor vehicle accidents in Karnataka is still growingat a rapid pace.
Lead Induced Oxidative Stress and Affected the Expression of Steroidogenesis -related Genes in Testis of Male Mice Nahla Abdalla Hassan Elsheikh; Nagmeldin Abd elwahid. Omer; Li-lian; Gen-Lin Wang
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i3.18290

Abstract

Background: Lead (Pb) is classified as a major risk factor affecting the male reproductive system; however, itsprecise mechanisms of action are poorly understood and inconsistent. This work aimed to investigate the effect ofPb toxicity on male reproductive function.Methods: Accordingly, in this study, adult male mice treated with Lead acetate (PbAc) by gavage (200 mg/kg/day) for 28 days. We analyzed sperm count and morphology, oxidative stress, and the expression of antioxidantand steroidogenesis -related genes in the testes of male mice.Results: Pb significantly (P<0.05) showed decreased body weight and sperm count, as well as significantly(P<0.05) increased the number of abnormal sperms and plasma testosterone level. The activities of superoxidedismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (Cat) were significantly decreased, whereasthe level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly increased in the testis of mice treated by Pb. The mRNAlevels of antioxidant-related genes (SOD1, GPX1, and CAT) were significantly decreased following Pb treatment.Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in the steroidogenic pathway, including steroidogenic acuteregulatory protein (Star), cytochromeP-450scc (Cyp11a1), 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD),3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and cytochrome P450, family 17 (Cyp17), were significantly (P<0.05)decreased after exposure to Pb.Conclusion: In conclusion, Pb disrupts male reproductive function by inducing oxidative stress, negativelyregulating the mRNA expressions of steroidogenesis and antioxidant -related genes, and ultimately reducingsperm quality and quantity.
The Correlation between Insulin Resistance and Urotensin II in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Najmah M. Meran; Farah Abdul Salam Hussein
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i3.18292

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus is glucose intolerance of varying degree with onset or first detection duringpregnancy,it can causelong and short term morbidities in both the mother and the child, such as shoulder dystocia,preeclampsia, and high blood pressure. The most powerful endogenous vasoconstrictor peptide, urotensin II, andits receptor are involved in the etiology of gestational diabetes mellitus.Aim of the study: The study’s goal was to see if there is a link between Urotensin II levels and insulin resistancein pregnant women with gestational diabetes.Patients and method: A case-control study that was conducted in obstetrics and gynecology department atBaghdad Teaching hospital from the first of January 2019 to the end of December 2019. A sample of 80 pregnantwomen participated in the study fulfilling inclusion criteria. 40 of them diagnosed with gestational diabetesmellitus by (2 hours 75 gm. Oral glucose tolerance test) and 40 women as control group.Results: The mean age of the gestational diabetes mellitus group was 29.8±6.9 years and control was 29.7±6.6years with no significant differences. The study showed highly significant increase infasting Insulin, fasting bloodglucose, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), of the GDM group than that in thegroup without disease. Significant difference was found regarding high-sensitivity C-reactive protein hs-CRP(p=0.004). The level of Urotensin II in subjects with gestational diabetes was (109±33.22) highly increased than thatin healthy subjects (78±22.6). There is a positive correlation between circulating Urotensin II levels with fastinginsulin, and HOMA-IR. While negative correlation found with fasting blood glucose. Conclusion: The level of UII was found to be raised in gestational diabetes pregnant women
Incidences of Minor Sexual Abuse in Sahibzada Ajit Singh (SAS) Nagar District, India: A Retrospective Study of 5 Years Natasha Thakur
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i3.18294

Abstract

Background: The incidences of child sexual abuse are increasing nowadays due to lack of awareness, child neglect,misuse of social sites, family violence, and much more. The present study aims to determine the socio-demographicprofile of past five-year cases of child sexual abuse of SAS Nagar district.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 114 cases of child sexual abuse registered under the POCSOAct, 2012. The period chosen was from 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2017, located in the SAS Nagar District,Punjab. The data was collected through RTI from the SSP office of SAS Nagar. The details were pertaining tosocio-demographic parameters (age, sex, marital status, occupation, and profession), relationship with accused,place of incidence, the time interval between the date of incidence and date of reporting case noted in a selfdesignedPerforma.Results: There were a maximum number of child sexual abuse cases in 2017, 34 followed by 33 cases in 2015. Thecases of female sexual assaults (92.98%) outnumbered male sexual assaults (2.76%). The commonplace offense wasthe accuser’s house (22.80%). The most vulnerable age group was 11-15 years (46.49%). 51.75% of the alleged sexualassault victims were students. Unmarried victims were 97.36%. Most commonly, sexual crimes were committedby the person known to the victim (89.48%). Maximum numbers of cases were reported on the 2nd day of incidence(35.08%).Conclusion: Developing moral values and ethics among people in the transitional phase of cultural devaluationand organizing minor sexual assault prevention programs in ways that contribute to the community’s owncapacity to prevent this heinous crime is crucial as the biggest threat to the minors is not from the strangers butfrom the known and close ones.
Deaden talks through Bones about their Final Fate: A Case Report Naveen Sharma; Kuldeep Kumar; Priti Singh; Lalit Chopra; Naresh Kumar; Pradeep Yadav
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i3.18295

Abstract

Background: Skeletonization of body is a complex process. Solving a suspected crime is multidisciplinaryapproach, which requires experts from the various specialities. Various methods are employed to commit crimesthroughout the world. Many cases of homicide remain unsolved due to misleading, lack of suspicion, incompleteor inadequate investigations.Methods: In present case post mortem examination of a skeletonised body was conducted by the authors,identification and apparent cause of which after inquest was impossible for investigating agencies. Usually, it isdifficult toopined cause, manner and time since death with certainty in the such corpse when body devoid of softtissue. In present case authors opined the cause, manner and time since death in a skeletonisedand partially burntbody. Which will help the investigators to find out the perpetrator.Conclusion: A post mortem examination of a corpse by the experts is mandatory for the identification, collectionand preservation of trace evidences to correlate the victim, accused, scene of incidence and suspected weapon ofoffence.
Esthetic and Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Maxillary Lateral Incisor: A Case Report Neetha J Shetty; Sweta Pradhan
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i3.18296

Abstract

Introduction: The maxillary anterior region poses the highest number of aesthetic challenges in implant dentistryas any tooth loss in the region leads to bone resorption and collapse of gingival architecture leaving inadequatebone for implant placement. However, immediate implant placement and provisionalization has been a viableoption for replacing failing maxillary anterior teeth as it preserves the vertical existing osseous and gingivalarchitecture. A proper case selection guided by an appropriate step-by-step treatment plan can ensure the successof any immediate implant placement.Case Summary: This case report describes atraumatic extraction of a fractured right maxillary lateral incisor,followed by immediate placement of a dental implant in the prepared socket. Implant was successfully loaded andwas functional during 24 months follow up period. The patient exhibited no clinical or radiologic complicationspost operatively. Recall visits exhibited patient’s high-level confidence of smile with optimum satisfaction andsuccessful aesthetic outcome.Conclusion: Immediate implant placement into fresh extraction socket reduces the treatment time, cost, preservesthe gingival aesthetic and increases the comfort of the patient.
Metformin Versus Insulin in the Managment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Nuha Muhsen; Sajda Al-Rubai; Huda Qahtan
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i3.18297

Abstract

Background: Insulin and metformin have been used extensively in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Insulin has been the primary medical treatment if maternal glucose targets are not achieved by dietary therapy.Insulin is safe for the fetus, because it does not normally cross the placenta. oral antidiabetic agents, glibenclamideand metformin are the most studied agents to treat GDM patients.Objective: To examine If oral metformln Is as effective as Insulin ln the prevention of fetal macrosomy lnpregnancies complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus.Method: This study is an open -labeled prospective randomized controlled study that was carried out in Basramaternity-outpatient clinics in the tertiary level hospital ln Basra. One hundred women with GDM who didnot attain euglycaemia with diet participated. Women were randomized to therapy with insulin n= 50 or oralmetformin n=50. Incidence of macrosomia in infants and neonatal morbidity was measured.Results: There were no statistically significant differences tn the incidence of macrosomia (16°/o versus 20°/o), and neonatal morbidity between insulin and metformtn group. Around 15 (30°/o) of the metformin treatedwomen needed supplemental insulin. They were more obese,(36.2 versus 30.6) kg/m2 bad higher fasting bloodglucose level (7.4mmol/L versus 6.1 mmol/L) and needed medical treatment for GDM earlier ( 27 versus 32 wks )than women who were normoglycemic with metformin alone. There was a tendency to a higher rate of caesareansections in the metformin group than in the insulin group.Conclusion: Metformin seems to be suitable for the prevention of fetal macrosomia , especially in lean or moderatelyoverweight women developing GDM in late pregnancy Women with considerable obesity, high fasting bloodglucose and an early need for pharmacological treatment may be more suitable for insulin therapy.
Role of Calcium Supplementation on Pregnancy Induced Hypertension Outcomes Ola Hussein Jasim; Waleed Ibraheem Ali; Alaa Moyasser Sadiq
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i3.18298

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), is an important cause of both maternal and perinatalmorbidity and mortality. Low dietary calcium (Ca) intake represents a factor associated with an increasedincidence of hypertensive disease in general and in pregnant population in most low and middle income countries.Ca supplementation has the potential to reduce adverse gestational outcomes of PIH.Aim: To assess the effects of low-dose Ca supplementation on PIH outcomes.Method: A single- blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted in January through March, 2021. A totalnumber of 66 pregnant women with PIH at their 20th week of gestation attended maternal care outpatient inBaghdad Medical City were assigned randomly in two groups those received Ca supplementation 500 mg/day vsnone and follow up both groups till delivery for outcomes.Results: A significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure mean (93.28 mmHg vs. 88.62 mmHg, P= 0.015) andalmost significant reduction in systolic blood pressure mean (149.65 mmHg vs. 142.58 mmHg, P= 0.051) in theparticipants after receiving Ca supplements. Pre eclampcia (10.3% vs. 45.9%, P = 0.002), Low birth weight (6.9%vs. 40.5%, P = 0.002), Pre term delivery (10.3% vs. 43.2%, P=0.003), and admissions to neonatal intensive care unit(10.3% vs. 45.9%, P = 0.002) were significantly lower in the intervention group.Conclusion: Ca supplementation of 500 mg daily started at 20th week of gestation associated with reduction ofmaternal blood pressure, pre-eclampcia, preterm delivery, low birth weight and admission to neonatal intensivecare unit especially in a low dietary Ca intake mothers.
Gender Differences in Pain Intensity and Functional Performance among Older Adults with Knee Pain living in Suburban of Bangkok, Thailand Pattaraporn Piwong; Tiwaporn Junkhaw; Ratana Somrongthong
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i3.18299

Abstract

Purpose of study: To investigate gender-related differences in pain intensity functional performance among olderadults with knee pain who live in the suburban area of Bangkok, Thailand.Method: This cross-sectional study recruited 220 older adults who suffering from knee pain, aged between50-65 years(male=79, female =141). A convenience sampling method was used to select the participants in thisstudy, each participant underwent an actual functional performance test such as TUG, 30CST, and completedself-report questionnaires consist of demographic characteristics, NPRS, and KOSADLS. An independent samplest-test was used as appropriate to determine gender differences.Results: Males and females had a difference in two aspects, females have significantly more pain intensity(NPRSscores of female:4.88 ±1.20; male: 3.99 ±1.27, p < 0.001), and poorer functional performance also more impairmenton a specific functional task such as KOSADLS scores (female:71.74 ±7.49; male:74.67 ±5.01,p< 0.01), TUGscores(female:11.66 ±1.11; male:10.81 ±1.06, p< 0.001) and 30CST scores (females:11.23 ±1.40; male:12.50 ±1.44,p < 0.001).Conclusion: The differences between genders regarding pain intensity and functional performance which areassessed by self-report measure and actual functional performance test, these two methods provide valuableinformation. The difference evaluation and preventive health care strategies based on gender differences wouldbe considered in Thai older adults with knee pain to improve their knee function and reduce the pain.
Management of Airway Foreign Body Aspiration with Atelectasis Complication Puji Utami; Rizka Fathoni Perdana
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v16i3.18300

Abstract

Background: A sharp foreign body aspirationis a problem that is usually found in teenage women who wear hijab.Straight-pins are used in wearing hijab to make a model and to hold it tight in place. Straight-pin aspiration has thepotential to become a serious problem if it is inhaled in the airway and must be removed immediately in optimalconditions by using complete equipment to prevent complications.Case Report: A 14 year old girl with straight-pin aspiration in the airwayhad come to emergency room ofDrSoetomo General AcademicHospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. The initial location of the straight-pinwas in the rightmain bronchus and a rigid bronchoscopy was planned. Rigid bronchoscopy was performed but the foreign objectfailed to be removed and the foreign object moved further down and difficult to reach. A flexible bronchoscopywas performed and the foreign body was successfully removed. However, there was a complication of left lungatelectasis after the procedure. It was treated conservatively and healed.Conclusion: Straight-pin aspirationin the airway is treated by rigid and flexible bronchoscopy with atelectasis asa complication. Flexible bronchoscopy is an alternative therapy for inhaled foreign bodies that are located distallyand cannot be reached by rigid instruments.

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