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<![CDATA[Application of Risk Management Using HIRADC Method in Analytical Chemical Laboratory of University in Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Bagus Fachrudin1, Dani Nasirul Haqi1, Putri Ayuni Alayyannur1, Noeroel Widajati1, Yenni Roh]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.63
<![CDATA[The analytical chemistry laboratory is one of laboratories at Universitas Airlangga which is often used in conducting analytical chemistry practicum activities and research for lecturers and students. In this analytical chemistry laboratory there are various chemicals and activities that are at high risk of causing danger, especially the exposure to toxic chemicals that can lead to risk of poisoning in students and laboratory staff. The purpose of this study was to apply the HIRADC method as an effort to prevent the risk of accidents and work-related illness in laboratory users. This research method is observational by observing the source of danger and the control efforts that have been made. From the results of the identification of hazards that have been made it is known that there are 10 potential hazards that can cause 10 risks. After doing the risk assessment, it is known that there are 4 low risks, 2 medium risks, 2 high risk, and 2 extreme risks. Control efforts have been made to minimize any risks. The recommendations that can be given from this study are the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) that is in accordance with the hazards in the laboratory as well as training on how to use the PPE.]]>
<![CDATA[Study of Epidemiological Factors According to the Positive Response of IgG of Patients Infected With Blastocytsis Hominis in Diyala Province, Iraq ]]>
<![CDATA[Muna Hameed Ahmed Alazzawi¹, Nabaa Ali Jasim², Masar H. Ismail³]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.64
<![CDATA[Background: Blastocystis hominis (B.hominis) is the most common intestinal parasite in humans and many other animals. Infections with the organism are spread worldwide and some of them have been asymptomatic, acute symptomatic and chronic.Materals and Method: 100 blood samples were collected from patients with B.hominis which were reviewing to some Hospital and health center in Diyala province during the period from October 2018 to March 2019. To determine the extent of IgG antibody responses in serum patients infected with B.hominis for depending on the chromatic changes resulting from the association of antigens with antibodies.Results: The results of the current study showed the percentage of infection among males was (56.25%), which is higher than that of females (43.75%), and the age group (3-6) years among males showed the highest rate of infection (33.34%) and the lowest in age groups less from one year and (9-12) years groups at (11.11%). The rate of infection in the age groups (1-3) years and (6-9) years was (22.22%) and in the age group of (1-3) years was the highest incidence among female groups (42.86%), while the age group (3-6) years showed less than that (28.57%) and significant differences at the level of probability less than (0.05). The percentage of B. hominis infection increased among the rural population by (56.5%), male infected, (57.14%) female, while the proportion of males among the urban population was (44.44%) and females reached (42.86%), with a standard deviation of (1.600 ± 0.495) and (1.480 ±0.505) respectively.Conclusions: The presence of immunoglobulin IgG in serum patients has been shown to stimulate the cellular immune response and be indicative of long-term immunity against pathogenic antigens.]]>
<![CDATA[Risk Analysis of Occupational Disease and Accident in Environmental Health Laboratory ]]>
<![CDATA[Naomi Cimera1, Dani Nasirul Haqi1, Putri Ayuni Alayyannur1, Y.Denny Ardyanto1, Nur Laili Rizkiawati1]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.65
<![CDATA[Risk analysis is a process to identify hazards by calculating the size of the risks and determining whether a risk is acceptable or not. The purpose of this study is to do hazard identification and risk assessment in environmental health laboratories at Faculty of Public Health at Universitas Airlangga. This study was included in an observational and cross sectional study based on the time of his research. Primary data is obtained through laboratory observations and interviews with reports presented in the form of tables and diagrams then analyzed descriptively. The results of this study indicate that in environmental health laboratories Faculty of Public Health Universitas Airlangga there are 10 potential hazards with 12 risks out of 4 activities. Based on the results of the risk assessment, from 12 risks there are 5 types of risks with low risk category, 4 types of risk for with moderate risk category, and 3 types of risk with high risk category. The conclusion of this study is that the greatest risk level in environmental health laboratories is low risk category of 41.67%. While for the moderate risk category was 33.33% and the high risk category was 25%. Risks with high risk categories include power failure, fire, and explosion at a time caused by the flow of electric current and chemical reactions carried out in the laboratory.]]>
<![CDATA[A Cadaveric Study on the Prevalence of Hartmann Pouch of Gallbladder with Relation to Gallstones in Basrah City ]]>
<![CDATA[Nawal M Abdullah1, Abdul Kareem Q Mohamed2, Sameh S Akkila3]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.67
<![CDATA[Hartmann pouch is a dilatation of the wall of the gallbladder at the region between neck and the cystic duct, It is inconstant feature found as an anatomical variant and considered a frequent site for gall stone impaction and mucocele formation as a complication . Knowledge about anatomy of the pouch is important while performing surgery for cholecystectomy to avoid serious complications.Objective: To identify the incidence and nature of Hartmann’s pouch in human gallbladder and the relation with gallstones for the growing importance and use of various invasive surgical techniques for gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary diseases.Material and Method: The study was carried out in the department of Forensic Medicine at Basrah city ,from Jan 2018 to Jan 2019 .Two hundred fourteen gallbladders were obtained from cadavers that were under examination in the morgue , The gallbladders were examined morphologically to show Hartman pouch and gall stone existence and biopsies from the pouch were taken for histopathological examination.Results: In the present study Hartman pouch was found in 4.7%, usually at older age group (? 40 yrs.). It was slightly higher in male than female and no significant association between Hartman pouch and gall stone presence. Histological picture showed normal histology of the three layers as seen in normal gallbladderConclusion: Hartman pouch is inconstant feature, more in male with no significant relation to gall stone, exist as an anatomical entity in our area of study]]>
<![CDATA[Evaluation of Root Canal Morphology of Permanent Maxillary Canine Using CBCT – A Cross-sectional Study ]]>
<![CDATA[Nor Masitah Mohamed Shukri1, Mahesh Ramakrishnan2]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.68
<![CDATA[Background : A clear understanding and thorough knowledge of anatomy of human teeth is the utmost of importance to all dental procedures especially in endodontic and orthodontics treatment. This includes the study of root canal anatomy and its variations according to the race and gender.Aim : The scope of the research was to determine the root and canal morphology of the maxillary canine in Indian population by analyzing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.Material and Method : Forty-six CBCT images consisting of 20 males and 26 females were examined in this study and a total of 88 maxillary canines were analyzed. The root anatomy of each tooth was evaluated for the following parameters: the root canal patterns, the shape of the access cavity, the mesiodistal width of the crown and the distance from occlusal pit to the pulp chamber. The data was analyzed and compared and p-value of the data was considered 0.05 statistically.Result : It can be concluded that a higher prevalence of maxillary canines have Type I root canal pattern in both gender. The most common shape of access cavity in male subjects was oval. Round access cavity was the most frequently observed in female subjects. Maxillary canine in male population also had greater mesiodistal crown diameter than female population.Conclusion : The present study reported the normal anatomy and variations of maxillary canines in Indian population. The incidence of root canal morphology differed with gender.]]>
<![CDATA[Relationship between Radiographic Evaluation with Age and Gender – A Radiographic Study ]]>
<![CDATA[Nor Syakirah Binti Shahroom1, Gheena.S2]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.69
<![CDATA[Background: Forensic odontology plays an important role in identification of man-made or natural disasters event which restricts identification through conventional methods. Various approaches have been specified which helps in the identification of the post-mortem remains. One such is the identification of the morphological features of the human skull and mandible. These features may help in sex differentiation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between radiographic evaluation with age and gender.Materials and Method: A retrospective study was done with a total of 250 panoramic radiograph image. The images of 150 males and 100 females were selected with the range of age from 20 to 70 years old and divided into group 1 (20-45 years old) and group 2 (46-70 years old). Three parameters were evaluated from the panoramic radiograph which were gonial angle, antegonial angle and mental foramen against the age and gender. Statistical analysis was done for hypothesis testing.Results: The results of this study suggests that there is no significant difference seen in the gonial angle and antegonial angle with relation to the age (p?0.05). However, the relationship between age and mental foramen is highly significant (p?0.01). With regards to gender, all the three parameter shows highly significant results with (p?0.01).Conclusion: In conclusion, the three parameter assessed in this study can be used for gender differentiation but not for age estimation which were highly significant. As for age estimation, the distance of mental foramen and tangent line of inferior border of mandible can be assessed.]]>
<![CDATA[Corrosion of Orthodontic Metallic Brackets Immersed in Solutions of Salt and Spices in Artificial Saliva ]]>
<![CDATA[Nurul Afiqah Amani Binti Zaaba1, Harish Babu2]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.70
<![CDATA[Background: Orthodontic treatment is commonly use to treat dental malalignment, especially orthodontic braces as it help to realigned teeth to the normal position as well as for aesthetic purpose. As orthodontic braces is a choice of orthodontic treatment various kind of orthodontic braces had been invented based on the material used, adhesives systems as well as their strengths to bring about tooth movement. As it is placed in the oral cavity, the aggressive environments of the oral cavity, will lead to corrosion of the orthodontic brackets. This may affect it physical properties and clinical performance.Aim: To study the corrosion of orthodontic brackets that immersed in the solution of artificial saliva and spices.Materials and Method: Stainless steel orthodontic brackets were used for this studies. Each bracket was placed in the container contain artificial saliva and other agents. Several types of aqueous solutions were prepared for this study by using different agents (spices). They were pure artificial saliva, salt (sodium chloride), black pepper, turmeric and mixture of all of the spices along with salt. After 24 hours, surface changes was seen under the optical microscope.Results: Based on the study, orthodontic brackets surface immersed in the controlled medium, revealed that more corrosion was seen in the salt medium when compared to pure artificial saliva. More pitting also was seen in the salt medium of the controlled group. Based on the surface analysis of the orthodontic brackets in the studied groups, demonstrate that more corrosion and pitting was seen in the aqueous solution of mixture of artificial saliva with salt and spices and less pitting and corrosion was seen in the turmeric solution.Conclusion: Based on the study, the finding suggest that the corrosion behaviour of the orthodontic brackets is influenced by the presence of a salt (NaCl) and other spices. Salt and black pepper are responsible for the corrosion of the orthodontic brackets, while turmeric capable in reduction or slowing the process of corrosion.]]>
<![CDATA[Cheiloscopy: The Study of Lip Prints in Sex Identification between Indian and Malaysian Population ]]>
<![CDATA[Nurul Afiqah Amani Binti Zaaba1, Gheena.S2]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.71
<![CDATA[Background: The study of lip prints, is commonly applied in forensic odontology and it is known as cheiloscopy. The term cheiloscopy was derived from Greek words, in which “cheilos” means lip and “scopy” means to examine. In general, cheiloscopy is define as a method of identifying an individual based on the arrangement of lines seen on the red part of the lips or a science dealing with the various line appearing on the red part of the lips. The pattern of wrinkles and grooves that are present on the lips has distinct characteristic features of an individual which are almost similar to the fingerprints. It also will not change throughout the life. Therefore, it can be used for personal identification and sex determination.Aim: To investigate lip print pattern in males and females and to evaluate them between Malaysian and Indian population.Materials and Method: There were 40 participants of both gender. 20 of them are from the Malaysian population and another 20 people are from the Indian population. Each participant was instructed to clean their lips with a clean white cloth, before taking the lip print. This was followed by the application of dark coloured lip stick on lips by using the lip stick applicator. Cellophane tape was used to take the negative impression of the lip pattern. The glued portion of the cellophane tape was placed on the lips by giving a light pressure beginning from the centre of the lips till the corner of the mouth. Then, the impression was transferred to a clean white paper and seen under the magnifying glass.Results: Type I lip pattern was commonly seen in Indian population, followed by type III, II and IV. Whereas for Malaysian population, type III was most common followed by type I, II and IV. There was significant difference between both population. In this study, it showed that type I was the most common lip print pattern seen in both Indian and Malaysian population for females. Whereas for male, type III was more common in Malaysian population, and both type III and IV were more common in Indian population.Conclusion: There was no significant difference in both population according the general distribution of lip print pattern. There was no correlation or similarity of lip print patterns between each participants in both population. Thus, cheiloscopy can be used for sex determination and also personal identification.]]>
<![CDATA[Study of Certain Immunological Aspects in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients Infected by Helicobacter Pylori ]]>
<![CDATA[Qusay Abdul-Wahab Khalaf1, Rajwa Hasen Essa1, Khetam Habeeb Rasool1]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.72
<![CDATA[Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia and includes individuals who have relatively insulin deficiency and insulin resistance. Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) is a spiral-shaped bacterium, infects 50% of the world’s people, and inhabits in the human gastric epithelium, causing many diseases. It had been suggested that H. pylori infection is more frequent among T2DM patients. Aim of this study is to evaluate the levels of interferon gamma (IFN-?) in Iraqi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus infected by H.pylori bacteria. Anti-H.pylori IgG and IFN-? concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The study includes 140 patients, divided into 3 groups, which are a group of patients infected by T2DM and H.pylori (T2DMHp+ve), a group of patients infected by T2DM but not by H.pylori group (T2DMHp-ve), and the third group includes patients infected with H.pylori only (Hp), in addition to apparently healthy control group (AHC). Our study revealed significantly decreasing in serum IFN-? in both T2DMHp+ve group (P?0.05) and T2DMHp-ve group(P?0.01), compared with an apparently healthy control group(AHC). Also, this study shows decreased IFN-? level in patients with Hp group compared with healthy control but without significant difference. Also, the concentration of IFN-? in T2DMHp+ve is slightly more than that in T2DMHp-ve group.]]>
<![CDATA[Detection of ESBLsCTX-M Gene of E.coli Isolated from Clinical Cases in Maysan Province ]]>
<![CDATA[Rabab Naeem Alag1, ZahidSa?doon Aziz1]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.73
<![CDATA[The antimicrobial resistance are a worldwide increasing and important problem in health care domain. ESBLs represent a main group of ?-lactamases enzymes that mostly produced by gram-negative bacteria, and give resistance toa?- lactam antibiotics, thus the detection of these enzymes are very important for optimal care of patients. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic profile with the prevalence of CTX-M geneaproducingaE. coli isolatesawhich recovered from clinical cases by phenotypic and genotypic methods. A total of (291) clinical samples (urine, wound swabs, blood and seminal fluids) were included in this study. All bacterial isolates were subjected to the cultural,amicroscopical, and biochemical examinations methods, confirmed byaAPI 20E and Vitek 2 system. Where the results revealed that 105 of isolates were identified as E. coli. Antibiotic sensitivity was performed by using disk diffusion methods. Investigation of extended spectrum ?-lactamase(ESBL) production for isolates was performed using Initial screening and double disc synergy method(DDST). The results showed that most isolates showed high resistance to ß-lactam and Cephalosporins antibiotics and vast amajority of isolates were resistant to aminimum ofathree classesaof antibiotics, which indicate that identified E. coli were multidrug resistant and ESBLs producer. While all isolates were sensitive to Imipenem and Amikacin. PCR technique was performed to detect ESBLs blaCTX-M gene, the results revealed that (100%) of E.coli isolates carried this gene.]]>
