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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
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Common Types and Methods of Drug Usage In Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Hamid Taghinejad1, Ali Khorshidi2, Noorollah Yadeghari3, Walieh Menati4, Rostam Menati5, Aziz Kassan
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.42

Abstract

Introduction: Drug usage is a prevalent social and health problem in most countries. The highest prevalence of drug abuse has been reported among people aged 30-40 years old. The purpose of this study was to determination of the types of drugs and the methods of drug usage in Iran in a systematic and meta-analysis study.Methods: This study was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Databases ofSID, Iran Doc, ISI, Cochrane library, Science direct, PubMed/Medline, and Scopus were independently searched by two researchers using MeSH keywords. Articles published between 2004 and 2018 were recruited.Data was analyzed using random effectsmodel using STATA-SE12 software. Heterogeneity among studies was investigated using, T2 and I2statistical indices.Results: Initial search retrieved 90 articles from which 7 articles with desirable quality were finally analyzed. Opium was the most common in used narcotic50 %(95% CI: 35-66%) followed by opium extract44%(95% CI: 5-83%), and heroin 19%(95% CI: 12-26%). Using more than one narcotic was observed in 9% (95% CI: 4-15%). The inhalation was the most common method of usage72 %( 95% CI: 61-83%) followed by oral consumption 32%(95% CI: 9-54%) and injection 14%( 95% CI: 05-24%).Conclusion: Drug abuseis a common phenomenon in Iran. It is amenable to reduce the tendency to using drugs by providing appropriate training, informing the risks of drug abuse, and identifying and educating high-risk groups.
Factors Related to the Incidence of Pesticide Toxicity in Pesticide Traders in Paser District in 2018 Baini Rahman1, Eko Suhartono, Ardik Lahdimawan3, Husaini4, Lenie Marlinae5
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.43

Abstract

Pesticide sale circumstances in Paser District through measuring cholinesterase enzymes by the laboratory of the Paser District on the blood of pesticide traders found 37.5% experienced organopospat group pesticide toxicity. This research aim to analyze risk factors related to the level of pesticide toxicity in pesticide traders namely age, nutritional status, educational level, length of work, work period and use of personal protective equipment. The study design used was observational with a cross sectional approach. The number of samples is 42 people taken by simple random sampling. Measurement data using observation and examination sheetcholinesterase levels in the blood of respondents using Tintometer tool brands inScienPro Pest 100. The data were analyzed using Chi-square and multiple logistic regression. Pesticide traders who experienced pesticide toxicity were 42.9%. Result of Chi-Square test shows three variables that have a significant relationship with the incidence of pesticide toxicity. Risk factors for pesticide toxicity were age (p=0.021; OR=6.250; 95% CI=1.511-25.860), length of work (p=0.038; OR=6.769; 95% CI=1.268-36.139) and work period (p=0.043; OR=4.900; 95% CI=1.238-19.399). Multiple logistic regression showed that the most dominant factor associated with the incidence of pesticide toxicity namely the length of work and work period. Risk factors associated with the incidence of pesticide toxicity are age, length of work and work period where is the last two are the dominant factors.
Determination of Safe Benzene Concentration in Tank Car Crew at PT Pertamina Patria Niaga Bella Oktavia1, Farhana Syahrotun Nisa Suratna1, Abdul Rohim Tualeka1
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.44

Abstract

Benzene is a compound that can cause carcinogenic effects in humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of health risk due to exposure to benzene through inhalation on tank car crews at Pertamina Patra Niaga. This type of research is a descriptive, observational and cross sectional study. The population in this study were all the Tank Car Crew (AMT) who worked in Pertamina Patra Niaga, amounting to 8 people. The sampling technique is the total population, so the sample is 8 workers. Data analysis used quantitative data to determine the safe concentration of (C) benzene in workers from animal body weight of white rats (W animals), body surface of experimental animals (BSA animals), body weight (W), height of workers (h), worker body surface area (BSA), worker respiratory rate (BR), working time (t), benzene (C) concentration, animal km. Human km, NOAEL and safe dose toxin limit (SHD).The results showed measurements of benzene concentration at PT. Pertamina Patra Niaga is 0.26 mg / m3 (0.08 ppm), which means the concentration of benzene is still below the Threshold Value (NAB) according to Minister of Manpower Regulation No. 13 / MEN / X / 2011 at 0.5 ppm. Based on the calculations that have been done, the safe limit value is 0.02 ppm. This value if according to the Minimum Risk Level (MRL) of 2007 ATSDR exceeds that which is set at 0.009 ppm daily for acute effects and 0.003 ppm daily for chronic effects, so that control efforts are needed to be protected from the adverse effects of benzene on the health of workers. Control recommendations are to consume CYP2E1 enzyme contained in beef liver and salmon which serves to reduce benzene levels in the body, use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in the form of mask respirators and plant a number of ornamental plants that can absorb and reduce benzene concentrations such as Boston and Golden Photos1
Polymorphic Relationship of rs7526700, rs2278651, and rs611386 Of SLC30A1 Mothers’ Gene with Mothers’ High Levels of Zinc Chairunas1, Sjarif Hidajat Effendi2, Harmas Yazid Yusuf3, Eriska Riyanti4
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.45

Abstract

The most common facial malformation in all populations and ethnic groups is Cleft lip and palate (CB/L). Various factors cause nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate abnormalities (CB/L NS) such as interactions between environmental and genetic factors, so that CB/L embryopathy is not clear. Deficiency of Zn with certain severity in pregnant women can be a risk factor for CB/L. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of polymorphism of rs7526700, rs2278651, and rs611386 of the gene SCL30A1 mother with a group of deficiency events of Zinc maternal. The type of this research is an observational study through cross sectional approach with the research subjects are mothers and newborns diagnosed with CB/L NS in the Perinatology Department of Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung and other Network Hospitals. The research was conducted in September 2016 to June 2017 with 34 groups samples. Data were analyzed using fisher’s exact test and correlation test. The results showed that the majority of mothers who became the research respondents aged 25-29 years were 34% and the majority of infants who became the respondents were female as much as 60%, and most types of lip and palate disorders experienced by infants who became the respondents was Unilateral CB/L which is as much as 66%. Furthermore, the results of statistical tests indicated that there was no significant relationship between polymorphism of rs7526700, rs2278651, and rs611386SLC30A1 maternal gene with levels of Zinc maternal
Conventional Detection of Resistance of Aedes aegypti Larvae as DHF Vector in Kediri District Against Temephos Demes Nurmayanti1, Marlik1, Nurhaidah1
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.46

Abstract

Dengue Haemorraghic Fever (DHF) becomes health problem in the world. The most number of DHF sufferers in Kediri District in 2016 were in Pare Subdistrict, Ngasem Subdistrict, and Kunjang. However, controlling technique of DHF vector is such as fogging by using active substance of melathion for adult stadium of mosquito and larvasidation by using active substance of temephos for larvae stadium of mosquito. Moreover, resistance of vector against insecticide is global phenomenon, particularly for program management of infectious disease controlling vector and as a singular barrier in the success of vector control chemically. The vector resistance detection can be conducted by using Detection Conventionally through WHO standard method of Susceptibility test in impregnated paper. This research aimed at analyzing detection conventionally the resistance of Aedes aegypti as DHF vector in Kediri District against Malathion and Themepos. This research was True Experiment research and temephos was scattered to the larvae with concentration of 0.01 mg/l, 0.02 mg/l, 0.03 mg/l, and 0.04 mg/l in contact time of 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. Data analysis included determination of resistance status by referring to category standard from WHO and analyzing the difference of biota test mortality by using statistical different test of Anova. The result of this research was Aedes aegypti larvae in Kediri District was resistant against temephos with concentration in 0.01 mg/l, 0.02 mg/l, 0.03 mg/l, 0.04 mg/l and there was a significant influence of contact time against the death of Aedes aegypti larvae. Furthermore, suggestion for Health Office in Kediri District was the use of temephos as larvacide was needed in concentration of more than 0.04ml/l. Besides, it was also needed resistance test of Aedes aegypti larvae with concentration of temephos in more than 0.04 mg/l.
Location Quotient Analysis of Agricultural Sector and Subsector in East Java 2010-2017 (A Reference for Law and Policy on Economics, Nutrition and Public Health) Erlambang Budi Darmanto1, Yunita Satya Pratiwi2, Heru Santoso Wahito Nugroho3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.47

Abstract

Indonesia is known as an agrarian country, should rely on the agricultural sector as an economic source as well as supporting development. In addition to the economic aspects, the progress of agriculture is also very important for the provision of nutrients for the maintenance and improvement of public health. This study uses the Location Quotient method to obtain a base subsector in the agricultural sector, so that the results can be used as material for consideration of export specialties. This study uses East Java GRDP data and as a comparison using Indonesia’s GRDP in 2010-2016. The results in this study indicate that the food crop and livestock sub-sector has an advantage compared to other sub-sectors and becomes a subsector of the base, so that these two sub-sectors can be used as export products for East Java.
Association between Soluble ST2 Basal and Global Longitudinal Strain 2D-Speckle on Tracking Echocardiography with Left Ventricle Remodeling after an Acute Myocardial Infarction Fani Suslina Hasbuan1, Muhammad Aminudin1
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.48

Abstract

Background: Left ventricle remodeling (LVR) is an important prognosis post acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Soluble ST2 is a novel biomarker for myocardial fibrosis and left ventricular remodeling. Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) which is a reflection of the longitudinal layer of cardiac muscle can be detected in the early ischemia phase, and has been proven to predict the occurrence of left ventricular remodeling post AMI. Objective: To identify the association between soluble ST2 basal and GLS with LVR post AMI. Method: This research was conducted from August to December 2015. This is an analytic observational study with one group pretest and post test design. Soluble ST2 and GLS examinations were performed twice (2-5 days after AMI and 12 weeks after therapy). The results were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation test. Result: The sample size was 45 respondents (82.2% males, average age of 55.47 ± 10.13 years, 84.4% STEMI). There was a strong correlation between high ST2 basal levels with LVR (p = 0.0001 r = +0.723) and ?ST2 with LVR (p = 0.0001 r = 0.639). The association of low GLS with LVR was p = 0.015 and r = + 0.362. Conclusion: A significant LVR was found post-AMI, the high soluble ST2 basal and low GLS basal may be a factor for predicting LVR.
Gynecomastia Treatment by Liposuction with Gland Excision and H.H. Method Haider Ali Muslim AL Ramahi
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.49

Abstract

Background: Gynecomastia (GM) is benign enlargement of male beast (glandular enlargement with fat accumulation). we classify in 6 grades depend on size and shape of breast. All cases were treated surgically as combine of gland excision and liposuction and added new method HH (Haider and Husam) method which is specific for grade 5 and 6 GM.Method: From 2013 to 2018, a chart review was performed for 300 patients. Preoperative examination included endocrine and urological examination and exclusion of other pathological conditions. The surgical technique consisted of liposuction through small incision in lateral side of breast, combine with gland excision by sub areolar incision and sometime HH method depend on grade of gynecomastia.Results: Total number of patient 300 cases all of them under want combination of liposuction and gland excision with drain keep for about 8 hours. Recurrent rate very rare and complication like infection or areolar necrosis also rare and 9 case only suffering from early postoperative bleeding and 22 cases develop seroma within 2 weeks.Conclusions: This analysis data that include treatment of GM grade 1-6 is performed by liposuction combined with subcutaneous resection of the glandular tissue by sub areolar incision the procedure had low rate of complications and excellent patients’ satisfaction about the results. Preoperative fellow up is important to rule out and prevent specific complication of procedure and to exclude diseases or malignancy causing the GM as all gland sent to histopathology
A View on Patterns of Weight Loss after Intragastric Balloon Insertion in Iraqi Patients Haider Azeez Jwad1, Salah Hadi AlJanabi2, Ahmed Kadhim Challab3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.50

Abstract

Obesity is a major metabolic illness that results from increased body fat and leads to negative health consequences. Obesity increases the prevalence of various diseases, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary heart disease, sleep apnea, CVA, GERD disease, gall bladder disease, certain types of malignancy, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Moreover, it is also a major avoidable health detriment. Current therapeutic approaches to obesity are lifestyle changes, pharmacologic treatment, and bariatric surgery. Materials and Method: Twenty-seven patients visited our obesity clinic in Al -Dewaniyah Teaching Hospital from September 2016 to September 2017 and selected for intra-gastric balloon insertion after discussion with the patients, all current bariatric operative options beside the discussion to choose different balloon types. Air filled balloon was chosen. Results: female to male ratio 3.1:1, with mean age 34±6.1 and mean body mass index 40.48 ± 5.16 had excess body weight 38.93 ± 8.44 Kg, all patients had been received IGB heliosphere 720 ml as treatment of their obesity. Each patient has been followed up 6 months and weight loss patterns observed. Mean weight loss after six month 9.6 ± 4.8 Kg. Conclusion: In regards of patient selection to the procedure, Patients should be selected according to their commitment to the recommended diet and life style modification, this would largely affect the outcome.
Comparison between AMH level in Multipara and Nullipara in Women More than 40 Years Old Hanan Khudheir Hussein1, Adnan AH Albdairi2, Rana T Mehsen3, Zahra K Hussein4
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.51

Abstract

Decreased ovarian reserve is considered as one of the main causes of infertility. It is about the availability of preovulatory oocytes in the ovaries. With increase age, ovarian reserve decreases. Nowadays, “ovarian reserve” assessment became a strategy to assess female infertility.Objective: The current study aims to find the relationship between age and infertility type with measures of ovarian reserve (FSH, AMH and AFC) in infertile patients.Material and Method: The cross-sectional study design was used for this study and a survey was conducted among 100 infertile women.Result: Results revealed that Relationships between age and ovarian reserve indicators show a highly significant negative correlation with AFC (p= 0.001) and AMH (p= 0.007) level while positive correlation is found with FSH level (p= 0.001). The relation between age and FSH was moderate (rs=0.38, p<0.0001) and revealed that AMH and AFC level decreases while FSH level increases with age.Conclusion Study of AMH level is the most reliable source to measure age-specific changes.

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