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Dr. Ratih Damayanti
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Research Center for Biomaterials,Indonesian Institute of Sciences Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
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INDONESIA
Wood Research Journal : Journal of Indonesian Wood Research Society
Published by Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia
ISSN : 20873840     EISSN : 27749320     DOI : 10.51850/wrj
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Wood Research Journal is the official journal of the Indonesian Wood Research Society. This journal is an international medium in exchanging, sharing and discussing the science and technology of wood. The journal publishes original manuscripts of basic and applied research of wood science and technology related to Anatomy, Properties, Quality Enhancement, Machining, Engineering and Constructions, Panel and Composites, Entomology and Preservation, Chemistry, Non Wood Forest Products, Pulp and Papers, Biomass Energy, and Biotechnology. Besides that, this journal also publishes review manuscripts which topics are decided by the Editors.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Kehutanan
Articles 157 Documents
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Service Life of Railway Wood Sleepers in Indonesia Djarwanto Djarwanto; Sihati Suprapti; Sri Rulliaty
Wood Research Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2015): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2015.6.1.1-7

Abstract

Wood offers natural advantages tremendously such as their elasticity, flexibility and resistance against compression as well as force impact.  Therefore, wood material is astonishingly better material than concrete for railway sleepers. In spite of wood material’s advantages, the material is susceptible to attack by organisms. This paper observes the service life of wood sleepers in Java, Indonesia. Wood sleepers were observed visually from the ground railway system, Banten Province includes wood species identification macroscopically and organism’s attack. Results reveal that natural wood resistance of the sleepers are relatively high, then sleepers were predicted to be last long. Sleepers wood species are teak (Tectona grandis), balau (Hopea sp.), merbau (Intsia bijuga), and ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri). Sleepers were also found deteriorated by fungus during five months instalment. Decaying fungi observed are Dacryopinax sp., D. spathularia, Lentinus sp., Panus sp., Pycnoporus sp., P. sanguineus, Polyporus spp., Schizophyllum commune, and Trametes sp.
Wood Permeability Assessment of Young Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) Ratih Damayanti; Krisdianto Krisdianto; Jugo Ilic; Gustan Pari; Peter Vinden; Barbara Ozarska
Wood Research Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2020): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2020.11.2.41-47

Abstract

Wood properties of young teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) is inferior, and then preservative treatment is one possible solution to enhance its service life. The uptake and movement of preservatives through wood cell structure is directly connected to the wood permeability. There are two simple methods to identify wood permeability: water soaking and bubble test methods. This paper assesses the young teak permeability by water soaking and bubble test methods. The assessment was conducted into five cm thick young-teak discs by soaking in the red-dye water and blowing air into the discs which had been coated with soap. Results show that the heartwood is less permeable than sapwood. Red-dye penetrates almost 100% of the sapwood area, and the red-dye did not penetrate in the heartwood. Red-dye only penetrates in the cracked heartwood through the void volume in the cracking heartwood. There is a transition zone between sapwood and heartwood, and it is refractory. Bubble test with air pressure from compressor could open the air-pathway in the heartwood and sapwood of young-teak discs taken from Bogor. The bubble test result of young-teak discs from Madiun showed air-pathway only in the sapwood, but heartwood. The air pressure is not capable of moving the vapour through the wood cell. It indicates that the heartwood of young-teak from Madiun is less permeable and less possibility for pressure treatment.
The Effect of Site Class, Tree-age and Axial Direction on Adhesion Properties of Teakwood Tibertius Agus Prayitno; Yustinus Suranto; Rieska Wahyu Indra Pratama; Dasta Dasta
Wood Research Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2013): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2013.4.2.62-67

Abstract

Teak wood is a well-known prime wood species in Indonesia. The teak forest had been managed well by PERHUTANI, a state forest company for a long time. In the teak forest the site quality has been classified according to land’s capability to grow the teak plant. This site classification had been set up from the beginning of forest management and it has not been reviewed yet. This research’s objectives are to know the effect of teak forest site quality class and axial direction on the adhesion properties of the teak wood. The research conducted using Completely Randomized Design arranged in factorial experiment. The first experiment used site quality and axial direction factors, while the second experiment used tree’s age and axial direction. The site quality factor consisted of three levels of site index III, III/IV and IV. The three levels of axial direction of the teak stem were butt, center and top. The tree’s age consisted of three age class of 25, 35 and 45 years. Three teak trees employed as replication. The adhesion properties parameter were wood specific gravity, adhesion compression shear test  and wood failure in both dry and wet condition using block test. The first research result showed that no interaction factor affected in adhesion properties. The teak growing site-class influenced significantly to the wood specific gravity and adhesion shear strength. The more fertile of teak growing site class, the lower wood specific gravity and adhesion strength. The site class of III, III/IV and IV revealed the average wood’s specific gravity of 0.54; 0.50 and 0.47 consecutively. The adhesion strength produced from the three site classes were 41.71; 32.56 and 23.52 kg/cm2 consecutively. The axial direction (from the butt to the top) showed a decreasing trend of wood specific gravity and adhesion strength. The second research showed that tree age affected significantly the wood specific gravity. The wood specific gravity increased from 0.57 to 0.67 and 0.69 produced from tree age of 25, 35 and 45 year old consecutively.
Indonesian Wood as Material for Acoustic Guitars and Violins Indraswari Kusumaningtyas; Subagio Subagio
Wood Research Journal Vol 3, No 1 (2012): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2012.3.1.11-17

Abstract

Traditionally, acoustic guitars and violins are made from European woods. Spruce is most preferred for the top plate (soundboard), whereas maple, sycamore and rosewood are often used for the back plate. However, these woods are not easily available in Indonesia. In this paper, we present a study on the suitability of a selection of Indonesian woods, namely acacia, mahogany, pine, sengon and sonokembang, as materials for acoustic guitars and violins. The most important acoustical properties for selecting materials for musical instruments, i.e. the speed of sound, the sound radiation coefficient and the damping factor, were investigated. Furthermore, the performance of pine and mahogany were tested by making them into a violin and a guitar. The vibration frequency spectrum and the damping factor of the top plate were measured. The results show that the acoustical characteristics of mahogany are very close to those of maple and still quite close to those of Indian rosewood, which makes it a very suitable local material for back plates. Pine has quite similar acoustical characteristics to spruce. Although its sound radiation coefficient is slightly lower, its aesthetic appeal and workability makes pine a suitable alternative for top plates. However, instruments with pine top plates exhibit different tonal colour compared to instruments with spruce top plates, due to some differences in the vibration frequency spectrum. Furthermore, the generally higher damping factors of pine and mahogany compared to those of the European woods should be taken into account, because they affect the sustain-time of the generated sound.
Treatment of Oil Palm Wood with Low-Molecular Weight Phenol Formaldehyde Resin and Its Planing Characteristics Chong Yi Way; Edi Suhaimi Bakar; Zaidon Ashaari; Mohd. Hamami Sahri
Wood Research Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2010): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2010.1.1.7-12

Abstract

In line with the Malaysian government calls to turn waste into wealth, oil palm wood (OPW) is establishing itself as a potential wood substitute. However, the OPW on its own has four imperfections, i.e.: low strength, low durability, poor dimensional stability, and poor machining characteristics. Previous studies have shown that the first three imperfections were able to be solved by impregnating with low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde (Lmw-PF) through modified compreg method. But, the machining behaviour of OPW remains uncovered. A planing test was carried out to evaluate the machining characteristics of the treated OPW. For comparison purpose, another set of test for the rubberwood and untreated OPW samples were also conducted. It is acknowledged that the planing quality of the treated OPW is of equal grade to that of rubberwood. In general, the planing of the treated OPW and the rubberwood fell into the Grade I (very good), compared to Grade III (average) for untreated OPW. The treatment significantly improves the machining characteristics of OPW, adding significant improvements on the physico-mechanical properties, durability, and appearance that have been proven in the previous studies, which make it can be used as a new, high-grade alternative for solid wood material.
Effects of Mixing Ratio of Heavily Beaten Pinus merkusii Pulp on Physical Properties of Kraft Acacia nilotica Pulp Sheets Ganis Lukmandaru; Fajar Setiaji; M. Rena Siagian
Wood Research Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2019): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2019.10.2.53-60

Abstract

Paper industries commonly produce pulp sourced from a mixture of pulps, rather than from a single pulp, to obtain desired properties. In addition, the beating process is an essential step with respect to physical properties of pulp. Kraft pine (Pinus merkusii/PM) pulps were beaten to different degrees, i.e 200~300 CSF (heavy-beating) and 300~400 CSF (moderatebeating), paper sheets then were formed from each beaten sample. It was found that the strength properties of prepared paper sheets decreased the longer they were beaten, particularly as seen by the tear index and fold number. By microscopic investigation, it was found that cut or shortened fibers occurred very frequently in the pine pulps. Furthermore, the effects of heavily beaten pine pulp additions on handsheet properties of kraft pulps of Acacia nilotica (AN) were investigated. Four different mixing ratios by weight of AN/PM from 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, and 70:30 during beating, as well as four different kappa numbers of AN pulps (32.5, 34.0, 34.2, and 35.9) were applied. In general, the decrease in strength properties (3~25%) that occurred with increasing pine pulp ratio was more evident between pulp without pine and a 30% ratio of pine pulps. Fold number was reduced considerably (2.8~24.7%) by the blend composition but less pronounced in tear index (3.0~8.9%) from the initial values. However, the 10% or 20% ratio of PM pulps could increase opacity, brightness, and strength properties in some cases. No clear trend was found with increasing kappa number.
Development of Cement-Coir Carbon Fiber Composites with Damage Self Detection Capability Ismail Budiman; Subyakto Subyakto; Akhiruddin Maddu; Gustan Pari
Wood Research Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2012.3.2.74-80

Abstract

Research on the manufacture of cement-carbon composite materials using carbon fiber from coconut coir fiber has been performed. Carbonization was carried out at two phases. First, it was carbonized at a temperature of 400°C for 300 min and continued by the second phase at a temperature of 800°C for 60 min. The structures of carbon fiber was measured using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) while the sample surface analysis was carried out using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the electrical conductivity of samples was measured using LCR (Inductance Capasitance and Resistance) meter. Three carbon types (carbon without treatment, carbon soaked in 10% and 20% solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH)) were used to manufacture cement-carbon composites. Three levels of carbon content of 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0% by weight of cement were used. Results showed that the cement-carbon composite added with soaked carbon in 20% solution of KOH at 1.0% carbon content has the best properties of compressive strength (24.94 ± 1.24 MPa), modulus of rupture (MOR) (5.23 ± 0.47 MPa) and damage self-detection (load at the first crack = 21.04 N).
Control of Dry-Wood Termite Infestation by Bait System Yuliati Indrayani
Wood Research Journal Vol 1, No 2 (2010): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2010.1.2.65-70

Abstract

Chemical treatments with a liquid formulation have been widely used to prevent the infestation of dry-wood termites in buildings. However, such chemical treatments are problematic due to health and the environmental considerations. Therefore, it is important to develop remedial treatments that do not pose environmental hazards. This study was conducted to develop a control strategy for dry-wood termite infestation using a bait system.  Two types of experiments were designed to evaluate the performance of a bait system intended to control dry-wood termite. A gel formulation with an active ingredient (2.15% hydramethylnon) and food attractants was used for the testing (Types I and II). In the first type of experiment, Type I, the effectiveness of the bait in a small wood block specimen was evaluated. Feeding arena lumber with artificial galleries was prepared for the Type II experiment so that the response of the insects to the gel could be observed. In general, the average percentage termites that died after being exposed to the gel formulation in all two types of experiment was more than 65%, and in the gel control the average percentage of live termites was more than 75% in Type I, and more than 95% in Type II. These results suggest that the gel bait system used in this study has the potential to eliminate dry-wood termite. Further investigation will be indispensable to increase the reliability of the bait system as a control strategy for dry-wood termites.   
Accelerated Weathering Performances of Furfurylated and Acetylated Bamboo Sheets Krisdianto Krisdianto; Peter Vinden; Simon Prezwloka
Wood Research Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2018): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2018.9.2.60-68

Abstract

Bamboo material is a potential wood substitute given that its physical and mechanical properties are comparable with those of wood. As lignocellulose material, bamboo is also degraded for use outdoor. Two significant chemical modification for wood which may work for bamboo material are acetylation and furfurylation. This paper evaluates the weathering performance of furfurylated and acetylated bamboo sheets. Parameters studied include colour changes and contact angle after accelerated weathering process at QUV chamber. The result shows that the total colour differences ( E*) of furfurylation is higher than non-modified strips, while colour differences of acetylated bamboo strips are less than nonmodified strips. To summarize, chemically modified Sheets turn grey after weathering. Slowing of lignin photo-degradation by acetylation is attributed to the acetyl groups, which limits the degradation of lignin. Treating bamboo sheets with acetic anhydride and furfuryl alcohol was found to be effective in protecting bamboo from absorbing water during weather exposure.
Formation and Distribution of Calcium Crystals in the Trunk of Hopea odorata Toong Wei Ching; Tadashi Nobuchi; Mohd. Hamami Sahri; Liew Chun Yu
Wood Research Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2011): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2011.2.1.13-20

Abstract

Some of trees accumulate calcium crystals, which cause damage to cutting tools in wood machinery. For the fundamental information on the formation and distribution of calcium crystal in a trunk, Hopea odorata was very important to be studied. Three discs from lower, middle and upper positions of the trunk were collected. In each disk, radial strip from bark to pith was fixed with 3% glutaraldehyde. In each disc, small blocks from outer, middle, inner part and pith were cut and used for microscopic observation. Sections were stained with safranin and fast green. Morphology and distribution of calcium crystals in a trunk (radial and longitudinal) and quantitative analysis were carried out. Acid treatments with hydrochloric acid or acetic acid were also applied to investigate the chemical characteristic of the crystals. For comparison of morphology of calcium crystals between wood and bark, bark block was embedded in epoxy resin, and sections were stained with safranin. Crystals in wood were exclusively included in square/ upright ray cells with very rare cases of crystals in procumbent ray cells of ray parenchyma. Their morphology was prismatic crystals in wood and pith. In the bark, crystals showed druses form. Through chemical treatments, calcium crystals were identified as calcium oxalate. In the trunk, crystals were increased from outer to inner in the radial direction, but decreased in the pith. In the longitudinal direction, crystals showed an increase from lower to upper position in the outer and middle part, but decreased at inner part. Pith did not  show much difference  from lower to upper  position of the trunk.

Page 10 of 16 | Total Record : 157

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