EL-MAQALAH: Journal of Arabic Language Teaching and Linguistics			
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            El-Maqalah: Journal of Arabic Language Teaching and Linguistics is open access, peer-reviewed journals that will consider every original scientific article that expands the field of study in Teaching Arabic and Linguistics as well as various other educational related issues. The journal publishes research articles of interest to education practitioners, teachers, education policymakers, and researchers. The article submitted must be based on research, original, and educationally interesting to the audience in the field. The goal is to disseminate new concepts and research findings developed in this area of study by publishing relevant peer-reviewed scientific information and discussions. The aim and scope of this journal focus on the results of research related to the current issues faced by Arabic language learners and instructors, both from the linguistic and pedagogical realms. This journal is free of charge, and all manuscripts will be gone through double-blind review before being published.
            
            
         
        
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                            Aṡar Istikhdām al-Qiṣṣah al-Muṣawwarah Bi aṭ-Ṭarīqah al-Mubāsyirah Fī Tanmiyah at-Ta`bīr asy-Syafawī Laday Ṭalabah aṣ-Ṣaff al-Awwal aṡ-Ṡānawi (Dirāsah Tajrībiyyah Bi Madrasah Insān Quranī, Aneuk Batee) 
                        
                        Ziyaush Shabri; 
Nur Chalis                        
                         EL-MAQALAH : Journal of Arabic Language Teaching and Linguistics Vol 2 No 1 (2021): El-MAQALAH: Journal of Arabic Language Teaching and Linguistics 
                        
                        Publisher : The Department of Arabic Language Education, Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Negeri Banda Aceh of UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia. 
                        
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                                    DOI: 10.22373/maqalah.v2i1.1236                                
                                                    
                        
                            
                                
                                
                                    
The Students of Modern Islamic Boarding Schools are distinguished in learning variety of languages, one of which is Arabic. The teachers method in Arabic learning is by using audiolingual methode. This methode mostly is memorizing vocabulary and Arabic grammar. However, the educators mostly use dialogue methode in teaching, of course; this process will be a good attempt to improve the ability of students to chat in Arabic. But in fact, many students are weak and unable to match the vocabulary and Arabic grammar that have memorized in the conversation. Therefore, the researcher examined the topic "Implications of Using Direct Picture Stories in the Development of Expressing Verbal Expression" is to facilitate students in applying what they have learned from Arabic vocabulary and grammar in order to improve their ability to express this expressions. The purpose of this research is to identify the effectiveness of the direct method with the illustrated stories media in improving the ability of oral expression and its application in Arabic subjects for first grader Madrasah Aliyah Insan Qur'ani. The research method is experimental, therefore the researcher collects data based on test result data from the application of the method using empirically illustrated stories. The object group in this study is all the first grader of Madrasah Aliyah Insan Qur'ani Aneuk Batee which numbered 174 students. The researcher selects several samples and made them two classes of students, namely class D as a control group of 20 students and class E as an experimental group with 20 students. The result in this study is that the application of a direct method with illustrated stories in the learning of expressing expressions orally is effective to improve students' ability in conversation. Because the T-Test score in the calculation is 2.93 greater than the T-Test table value 1,685. So the difference between the experimental group and the control group is clear and unquestionable.
                                
                             
                         
                     
                    
                                            
                        
                            Istikhdām Wasīlah al-Kharīthah aż-Żihniyyah Bi Ṭarīqah at-Ta`allum at-Ta`āwunī Bi Uslūb Musābaqāt Tanāfus al-Farq (Team Game Tournament) Li Tarqiyah Qudrah aṭ-Ṭalabah `Alā Fahm al-Iḍāfah Wa aṣ-Ṣifah 
                        
                        Nurmarini Nurmarini; 
Moch. Fajarul Falah                        
                         EL-MAQALAH : Journal of Arabic Language Teaching and Linguistics Vol 2 No 1 (2021): El-MAQALAH: Journal of Arabic Language Teaching and Linguistics 
                        
                        Publisher : The Department of Arabic Language Education, Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Negeri Banda Aceh of UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia. 
                        
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                                    DOI: 10.22373/maqalah.v2i1.1237                                
                                                    
                        
                            
                                
                                
                                    
Mind Mapping can be discribed as a graphic designs that provide the key to assist brain abilities by utilizing most of the thinking skills using words, images and colors. The title of this research is Using Mind Mapping Media with Cooperative Learning Methods Through Inter-group Competitions to Improve Students' Understanding of Al-Idhafah and As-Sifah (Experimental Research at Babun Najah Modern Islamic Boarding School in Banda Aceh). The method used is the True Experiment and the population is all students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah in the Babun Najah Modern Islamic Boarding School with a total of 492 students. The method used to determine the sample is a Cluster Random Sample from a population. The selected sample was students of class XI-Mia 2 as the control group and class Mia 4 as the experimental group. This study has two objectives, to find out how students respond in the application of Mind Maps with Cooperative Learning Methods through Inter-Group Competitions to Improve Students' Understanding of Al-Idhafah and As-Sifah and their effectiveness. And the result of this research is the value of t-count is greater than t-table, which is 5.2> 2.05. And this shows the effectiveness of the application of mind map media with cooperative learning methods in teaching Al-Idhafah and As-sifah and has a good influence on second grade students of MadrasahTsanawiyah at the Babun Najah Modern Islamic Boarding School
                                
                             
                         
                     
                    
                                            
                        
                            Taṭbīq al-Imlā’ al-Manẓūr bi al-Kharīṭah aż-Żihniyyah Li Tarqiyah Qudrah aṭ-Ṭullāb Fī Tarkīb al-Jumal al-Mufīdah (Dirāsah Tajrībiyah Li al-Marḥalah al-`Āliyah Bi Ma`had Dār al-`Ulūm al-`Aṣrī Banda Aceh) 
                        
                        Isna Isna; 
Azman Ismail; 
Buhori Muslim                        
                         EL-MAQALAH : Journal of Arabic Language Teaching and Linguistics Vol 2 No 1 (2021): El-MAQALAH: Journal of Arabic Language Teaching and Linguistics 
                        
                        Publisher : The Department of Arabic Language Education, Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Negeri Banda Aceh of UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia. 
                        
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                                    DOI: 10.22373/maqalah.v2i1.1238                                
                                                    
                        
                            
                                
                                
                                    
Imlak is the activity of changing sounds that can be understood into written symbols, but these letters are placed in the correct position of words, to correct the pronunciation and meaning desired. The title of this research is "The Implementation of ImlakMandhur through Mind Mapping in Increasing the Students’ Ability in Writing of Complete Sentences (The Experimental Study at Dayah Modern DarulUlum) ".There are some reasons for the researcher to conduct this research. Low motivation of students. The students were sleepy, when the teacher taught in the class.Some of them played to each other and did not pay attention to the lesson. When the teacher instructs them to write the mufradat,, they were unable to write properly and correctly, and some errors was found in writing mufradat. As for the difficulty of students in writing Arabic mufradat, they do not master the rules and the way in connecting Arabic letters. Besides they also lack of vocabulary in writing. The problems that dealing by the students, it caused by the monotonous method. The purpose of this study is to increase the students’ ability in Arabic writing by using ImlakMandhur Method through Mind Mapping. It aims to increase the students’ ability in writing. The population was all the students at Modern Darul Ulum, namely 933 students. The sample was 30 students at class X1c as the experimental group and 30 students at X1A as control group. The researcher used semi- experimental research design in conducting this research. Post test and observation was used to collect the data. The result was found that the implementation of ImlakMandhur by using Mind Mapping Media can increase the students’ ability in Arabic writing. In this case, the average score for the experimental group was higher than control group (87, 2 higher than 79.8). It means that the t-test was higher than (t table = 2, 04 from 5% from 1 %).
                                
                             
                         
                     
                    
                                            
                        
                            Istikhdām Ṭarīqah Drill Bi aṣ-Ṣuwar aṡ-Ṡābitah Li Tarqiyah Qudrah aṭ-Ṭalabah `Alā Saiṭarah al-Mufradāt al-`Arabiyyah (Baḥṡ Tajrībī Fī al-Madrasah aṡ-Ṡānawiyyah Fajar Hidāyah Bi Aceh Besar) 
                        
                        Muhammad Muhammad; 
Zulhelmi Zulhelmi                        
                         EL-MAQALAH : Journal of Arabic Language Teaching and Linguistics Vol 2 No 1 (2021): El-MAQALAH: Journal of Arabic Language Teaching and Linguistics 
                        
                        Publisher : The Department of Arabic Language Education, Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Negeri Banda Aceh of UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia. 
                        
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                                    DOI: 10.22373/maqalah.v2i1.1239                                
                                                    
                        
                            
                                
                                
                                    
Vocabulary is the most important element in learning Arabic. In teaching this lesson, teacher must use a suitable teaching methods and image media to achieve the goals of study, unless it will be failed. For instance, some second grade students of junior high school in Fajar Hidayah Islamic boarding school, they studied vocabulary but some of them could not apply in oral or written Ta'bir. The main problem is due to the teacher had not practice suitable methods yet in teaching vocabulary. In order to solve the problem, the researcher applied method driil and image media in teaching vocabulary to the students of junior high school in Fajar Hidayah Islamic boarding school. The purpose of this research is to know the student's response to vocabulary learning by applying drill methods and image media and the effectiveness of its application to improve the ability of students in the study of vocabulary. The used method was quasi experimental designs. The study population is all students of the junior high school Fajar Hidayah and samples are second graders amounting to 22 students. The results showed that students ' responses to vocabulary learning by applying drill methods and image media were very good and the implementation was effective to improve the students ' ability to control the mufradat in the integrated Islamic School of Dawn Hidayah, evidenced by the T-count value greater than T-table.
                                
                             
                         
                     
                    
                                            
                        
                            Fa`āliah Ijrā’ aṭ-Ṭarīqah al-Istiqrāiyyah Bi Uslūb STAD Wa Wasīlah Biṭāqah al-As’ilah Wa al-Ajwibah Li Tarqiyah Qudrah aṭ-Ṭalabah Fī Ta`allum an-Naḥw (Dirāsah Tajrībiyah Bi Ma`had `Ulūm al-Qur’ān Aceh Besar) 
                        
                        Rita Musfira; 
Mukhlisah Mukhlisah                        
                         EL-MAQALAH : Journal of Arabic Language Teaching and Linguistics Vol 2 No 1 (2021): El-MAQALAH: Journal of Arabic Language Teaching and Linguistics 
                        
                        Publisher : The Department of Arabic Language Education, Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Negeri Banda Aceh of UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia. 
                        
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                                    DOI: 10.22373/maqalah.v2i1.1240                                
                                                    
                        
                            
                                
                                
                                    
Qawaid nahwu is one of the most important aspects in learning Arabic, which is related to determining the function of each word in a sentence, as well as giving the final tashkeel of each word and explaining the function of each word based on its position in a sentence.To achieve success in the learning process, a teacher is required to use methods, techniques, and teaching media to achieve learning objectives. Based on the research observation at the Ulumul Qur'an Boarding School in Aceh Besar, the researcher found that the nahwu teacher at the pesantren used the book Al-Nahwu Al-wadhih but he did not use learning media during the teaching-learning process, so students felt bored, such as: lack of attention on the subject matter and some of them also interrupted the class during the teaching-learning process. On the other hand, the boredom is also caused by the teacher not using appropriate techniques that are suitable for students in the teaching-learning process. This condition causes a lack of response from students during the learning process. Therefore, researcher will try to apply inductive methods using STAD techniques and question-and-answer card media to improve students' abilities in learning nahwu. The purpose of writing this thesis is to find out students’ responses to nahwu learning by applying the inductive method using STAD techniques and question-and-answer card media in nahwu learning, and to know their effectiveness in increasing students' abilities in nahwu learning. This study is an experimental study with a post-test only control group design. The population in this study were all level students at the Ulumul Quran boarding school while the sample was all students of class 2a as a control group and 2c as an experimental group totaling 44 people. The instruments used were post test and interview. To analyze the data in this study, testers used the t-test formula using the SPSS program. Based on the results of the study, the data shows that the use of inductive methods using STAD techniques and question-and-answer card media is effective in increasing the ability of students in learning nahwu in the Ulumul Qur'an boarding school. This is evident from the results of the value Sig.0.00 <0.05. This shows that the hypothetical (Ho) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted.
                                
                             
                         
                     
                    
                                            
                        
                            Aṡar Istikhdām al-Qiṣṣah al-Muṣawwarah Bi aṭ-Ṭarīqah al-Mubāsyirah Fī Tanmiyah at-Ta`bīr asy-Syafawī Laday Ṭalabah aṣ-Ṣaff al-Awwal aṡ-Ṡānawi (Dirāsah Tajrībiyyah Bi Madrasah Insān Quranī, Aneuk Batee) 
                        
                        Ziyaush Shabri; 
Nur Chalis                        
                         EL-MAQALAH : Journal of Arabic Language Teaching and Linguistics Vol 2 No 1 (2021): El-MAQALAH: Journal of Arabic Language Teaching and Linguistics 
                        
                        Publisher : The Department of Arabic Language Education, Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Negeri Banda Aceh of UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia. 
                        
                             Show Abstract
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                                    DOI: 10.22373/maqalah.v2i1.1236                                
                                                    
                        
                            
                                
                                
                                    
The Students of Modern Islamic Boarding Schools are distinguished in learning a variety of languages, one of which is Arabic. The teacher's method in Arabic learning is by using the audiolingual method. This method mostly involves memorizing vocabulary and Arabic grammar. However, the educators mostly use dialogue methods in teaching, of course; this process will be a good attempt to improve the ability of students to chat in Arabic. But in fact, many students are weak and unable to match the vocabulary and Arabic grammar that have memorized in the conversation. Therefore, the researcher examined the topic "Implications of Using Direct Picture Stories in the Development of Expressing Verbal Expression" to facilitate students in applying what they have learned from Arabic vocabulary and grammar in order to improve their ability to express these expressions. The purpose of this research is to identify the effectiveness of the direct method with the illustrated stories media in improving the ability of oral expression and its application in Arabic subjects for first graders Madrasah Aliyah Insan Qur'ani. The research method is experimental, therefore the researcher collects data based on test result data from the application of the method using empirically illustrated stories. The object group in this study is all the first graders of Madrasah Aliyah Insan Qur'ani Aneuk Batee which numbered 174 students. The researcher selected several samples and made them two classes of students, namely class D as a control group of 20 students and class E as an experimental group with 20 students. The result of this study is that the application of a direct method with illustrated stories in the learning of expressing expressions orally is effective in improving students' ability in conversation. Because the T-Test score in the calculation is 2.93 greater than the T-Test table value of 1,685. So the difference between the experimental group and the control group is clear and unquestionable.
                                
                             
                         
                     
                    
                                            
                        
                            Istikhdām Wasīlah al-Kharīthah aż-Żihniyyah Bi Ṭarīqah at-Ta`allum at-Ta`āwunī Bi Uslūb Musābaqāt Tanāfus al-Farq (Team Game Tournament) Li Tarqiyah Qudrah aṭ-Ṭalabah `Alā Fahm al-Iḍāfah Wa aṣ-Ṣifah 
                        
                        Nurmarini Nurmarini; 
Moch. Fajarul Falah                        
                         EL-MAQALAH : Journal of Arabic Language Teaching and Linguistics Vol 2 No 1 (2021): El-MAQALAH: Journal of Arabic Language Teaching and Linguistics 
                        
                        Publisher : The Department of Arabic Language Education, Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Negeri Banda Aceh of UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia. 
                        
                             Show Abstract
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                                    DOI: 10.22373/maqalah.v2i1.1237                                
                                                    
                        
                            
                                
                                
                                    
Mind Mapping can be described as a graphic design that provides the key to assisting brain abilities by utilizing most of the thinking skills using words, images, and colors. The title of this research is Using Mind Mapping Media with Cooperative Learning Methods Through Inter-group Competitions to Improve Students' Understanding of Al-Idhafah and As-Sifah (Experimental Research at Babun Najah Modern Islamic Boarding School in Banda Aceh). The method used is the True Experiment and the population is all students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah in the Babun Najah Modern Islamic Boarding School with a total of 492 students. The method used to determine the sample is a Cluster Random Sample from a population. The selected sample was students of class XI-Mia 2 as the control group and class Mia 4 as the experimental group. This study has two objectives, to find out how students respond to the application of Mind Maps with Cooperative Learning Methods through Inter-Group Competitions to Improve Students' Understanding of Al-Idhafah and As-Sifah and their effectiveness. The result of this research is the value of the t-count is greater than the t-table, which is 5.2> 2.05. This shows the effectiveness of the application of mind map media with cooperative learning methods in teaching Al-Idhafah and As-Sifah and has a good influence on second-grade students of MadrasahTsanawiyah at the Babun Najah Modern Islamic Boarding School.
                                
                             
                         
                     
                    
                                            
                        
                            Taṭbīq al-Imlā’ al-Manẓūr bi al-Kharīṭah aż-Żihniyyah Li Tarqiyah Qudrah aṭ-Ṭullāb Fī Tarkīb al-Jumal al-Mufīdah (Dirāsah Tajrībiyah Li al-Marḥalah al-`Āliyah Bi Ma`had Dār al-`Ulūm al-`Aṣrī Banda Aceh) 
                        
                        Isna Isna; 
Azman Ismail; 
Buhori Muslim                        
                         EL-MAQALAH : Journal of Arabic Language Teaching and Linguistics Vol 2 No 1 (2021): El-MAQALAH: Journal of Arabic Language Teaching and Linguistics 
                        
                        Publisher : The Department of Arabic Language Education, Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Negeri Banda Aceh of UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia. 
                        
                             Show Abstract
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                                    DOI: 10.22373/maqalah.v2i1.1238                                
                                                    
                        
                            
                                
                                
                                    
Imla’ is the activity of changing sounds that can be understood into written symbols, but these letters are placed in the correct position of words, to correct the pronunciation and meaning desired. The title of this research is "The Implementation of Imla’ Mandhur through Mind Mapping in Increasing the Students’ Ability in Writing of Complete Sentences (The Experimental Study at Dayah Modern Darul Ulum) ". There are some reasons for the researcher to conduct this research. The low motivation of students. The students were sleepy when the teacher taught in the class. Some of them played with each other and did not pay attention to the lesson. When the teacher instructed them to write the Mufradat, they were unable to write properly and correctly, and some errors were found in writing the Mufradat. As for the difficulty of students in writing Arabic Mufradat, they have not mastered the rules and the way to connect Arabic letters. Besides they also lack vocabulary in writing. The problems that are dealt with by the students, it caused by the monotonous method. The purpose of this study is to increase the student’s ability in Arabic writing by using the Imla’ Mandhur Method through Mind Mapping. It aims to increase the student’s ability in writing. The population was all the students at Modern Darul Ulum, namely 933 students. The sample was 30 students in class X1c as the experimental group and 30 students in X1A as the control group. The researcher used a semi-experimental research design in conducting this research. Post-test and observation were used to collect the data. The result was found that the implementation of Imla’ Mandhur by using Mind Mapping Media can increase the student’s ability in Arabic writing. In this case, the average score for the experimental group was higher than the control group (87, 2 higher than 79.8). It means that the t-test was higher than (t table = 2, 04 from 5% from 1 %).
                                
                             
                         
                     
                    
                                            
                        
                            Istikhdām Ṭarīqah Drill Bi aṣ-Ṣuwar aṡ-Ṡābitah Li Tarqiyah Qudrah aṭ-Ṭalabah `Alā Saiṭarah al-Mufradāt al-`Arabiyyah (Baḥṡ Tajrībī Fī al-Madrasah aṡ-Ṡānawiyyah Fajar Hidāyah Bi Aceh Besar) 
                        
                        Muhammad Muhammad; 
Zulhelmi Zulhelmi                        
                         EL-MAQALAH : Journal of Arabic Language Teaching and Linguistics Vol 2 No 1 (2021): El-MAQALAH: Journal of Arabic Language Teaching and Linguistics 
                        
                        Publisher : The Department of Arabic Language Education, Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Negeri Banda Aceh of UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia. 
                        
                             Show Abstract
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                                    DOI: 10.22373/maqalah.v2i1.1239                                
                                                    
                        
                            
                                
                                
                                    
Vocabulary is the most important element in learning Arabic. In teaching this lesson, the teacher must use suitable teaching methods and image media to achieve the goals of the study, unless it fails. For instance, some second-grade students of junior high school in Fajar Hidayah Islamic boarding school studied vocabulary but some of them could not apply it in oral or written Ta'bir. The main problem is due to the teacher has not practiced suitable methods yet in teaching vocabulary. In order to solve the problem, the researcher applied the method of drill and image media in teaching vocabulary to the students of junior high school in Fajar Hidayah Islamic boarding school. The purpose of this research is to know the students' response to vocabulary learning by applying drill methods and image media and the effectiveness of its application to improve the ability of students in the study of vocabulary. The used method was quasi-experimental designs. The study population is all students of the junior high school Fajar Hidayah and samples are second graders amounting to 22 students. The results showed that students ' responses to vocabulary learning by applying drill methods and image media were very good and the implementation was effective in improving the students ' ability to control the Mufradat in the integrated Islamic School of Dawn Hidayah, evidenced by the T-count value greater than T-table.
                                
                             
                         
                     
                    
                                            
                        
                            Fa`āliah Ijrā’ aṭ-Ṭarīqah al-Istiqrāiyyah Bi Uslūb STAD Wa Wasīlah Biṭāqah al-As’ilah Wa al-Ajwibah Li Tarqiyah Qudrah aṭ-Ṭalabah Fī Ta`allum an-Naḥw (Dirāsah Tajrībiyah Bi Ma`had `Ulūm al-Qur’ān Aceh Besar) 
                        
                        Rita Musfira; 
Mukhlisah Mukhlisah                        
                         EL-MAQALAH : Journal of Arabic Language Teaching and Linguistics Vol 2 No 1 (2021): El-MAQALAH: Journal of Arabic Language Teaching and Linguistics 
                        
                        Publisher : The Department of Arabic Language Education, Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Negeri Banda Aceh of UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia. 
                        
                             Show Abstract
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                                    DOI: 10.22373/maqalah.v2i1.1240                                
                                                    
                        
                            
                                
                                
                                    
Qawaid Nahwu is one of the most important aspects of learning Arabic, which is related to determining the function of each word in a sentence, as well as giving the final Tashkeel of each word and explaining the function of each word based on its position in a sentence. To achieve success in the learning process, a teacher is required to use methods, techniques, and teaching media to achieve learning objectives. Based on the research observation at the Ulumul Qur'an Boarding School in Aceh Besar, the researcher found that the Nahwu teacher at the pesantren used the book Al-Nahwu Al-Wadhih but he did not use learning media during the teaching-learning process, so students felt bored, such as lack of attention on the subject matter and some of them also interrupted the class during the teaching-learning process. On the other hand, boredom is also caused by the teacher not using appropriate techniques that are suitable for students in the teaching-learning process. This condition causes a lack of response from students during the learning process. Therefore, the researcher will try to apply inductive methods using STAD techniques and question-and-answer card media to improve students' abilities in learning Nahwu. The purpose of writing this thesis is to find out students’ responses to Nahwu learning by applying the inductive method using STAD techniques and question-and-answer card media in Nahwu learning and to know their effectiveness in increasing students' abilities in Nahwu learning. This study is an experimental study with a post-test-only control group design. The population in this study were all level students at the Ulumul Quran boarding school while the sample was all students of class 2a as a control group and 2c as an experimental group totaling 44 people. The instruments used were post-test and interview. To analyze the data in this study, testers used the t-test formula using the SPSS program. Based on the results of the study, the data shows that the use of inductive methods using STAD techniques and question-and-answer card media is effective in increasing the ability of students to learn Nahwu in the Ulumul Qur'an boarding school. This is evident from the results of the value Sig.0.00 <0.05. This shows that the hypothetical (Ho) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted.