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INDONESIA
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 02163160     EISSN : 22523901     DOI : 10.24961/j.tek.ind.pert
Core Subject : Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
The development of science and technology in agriculture, has been instrumental in increasing the production of various agricultural commodities. But climate change is also uncertain world led to decreased agricultural productivity. World energy crisis resulted in higher prices of agricultural commodities due to competition between food and energy are higher. Efforts to utilize biomass (agricultural products) has started a lot of research, not only as raw material for bioenergy, but also in an attempt to exploit agro-products into valuable economic products, and realize clean production in agro-industry.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 635 Documents
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IMPACT OF PALM OIL BASED BIODIESEL INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT ON PALM OIL PLANTATION AND ITS INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA Rafian Joni, E. Gumbira Sa'id, Harianto dan Nunung Kusnadi
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 20 No. 3 (2010): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

 ABSTRACT  The increase in crude oil price may disturb Indonesian macroeconomic indicators. As the biggest crude palm oil producer in the world, Indonesia can develop palm oil based biodiesel to reduce the negative impact of crude oil price increase. Palm oil based biodiesel development can influence palm oil plantation and palm oil industry and its downstream industry. By using econometric models, this study found that palm oil based biodiesel industry development will give positive impact on palm oil plantation and palm oil industry and give negative impact on palm oil downstream industry in Indonesia. Simulation can be applied to know the impact of policy on palm oil plantation, palm oil industry and palm oil downstream industry in Indonesia by palm oil based biodiesel industry development. The result of this simulation can be used to formulate the best policy for palm oil based biodiesel industry development. It shows  that when government expenditure and the export tax increase while the interest rate decreases, a higher positive impact will be in favor to palm oil plantation, palm oil industry and palm oil downstream industry. However the rise in export  tax can reduce the area of palm oil plantation. Keywords: palm oil based biodiesel industry, palm oil plantation, palm oil industry, econometric models   
BLENDING OF JATROPHA OIL WITH OTHER VEGETABLE OILS TO IMPROVE COLD FLOW PROPERTIES AND OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF ITS BIODIESEL Dwi Setyaningsih, Erliza Hambali, Sri Yuliani dan Djajeng Sumangat
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 20 No. 3 (2010): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Jatropha oil has rich in unsaturated fatty acids, but other tropical oils, such as palm oil and coconut oil, have high saturated fatty acid. Blending of jatropha biodiesel with soybean, rapeseed, palm and coconut biodiesels resulted in different  propertie, between properties of each pure compounds or even better than pure biodiesel. Jatropha biodiesel in concentration of 50-70% jatropha-coconut blend had better cloud point and pour point (9 oC and -6 oC, respectively), compare to jatropha biodiesel (12 oC, 0 oC) and coconut biodiesel (15 oC, 9 oC).   Blending of jatropha and coconut were further investigated using two methods, namely methods 1 was in the form of biodiesel and method 2 was in the form of oil before biodiesel processing. Blending method 2 resulted in higher cloud point and lower pour point compared to method 1 and the values were relatively constant. Blending of 55% of jatropha biodiesel with lauric biodiesel (75% lauric methylester) showed a minimum cloud point and pour point (-3 oC; -18 oC). This minimum point called eutectic point expressed an ideal equilibrium of liquid-solid among saturated medium chain alkyl esters and unsaturated long chain alkyl esters. Methylester composition of this biodiesel was 34.03% lauric, 0.31% miristic, 8.91% palmitic, 3.82% stearic and 46.17% oleic acids. This proved the important role of lauric acid, a medium chain saturated fatty acid, which was dominant in coconut biodiesel (48.11%).   Keyword: jatropha biodiesel, blending, cloud point, pour point 
THE PRODUCTION OF ALKYL POLYGLYCOSIDE (APG) SURFACTANT AND ITS APPLICATION IN LIQUID HAND SOAP Siti Aisyah, Ani Suryani, Titi Candra Sunarti
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 20 No. 3 (2010): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

ABSTRACT  Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) is one of nonionic surfactant that is applied in some formulations such as personal care products, cosmetics,  textile bleachies and herbicides. APG’s production is carried out in two stages, i.e. butanolysis and transacetalization. These processes are then followed by neutralization, distillation, dissolution and bleaching. This research aims were to study the influence of fatty alcohol C10 (decanol) and C12 (dodekanol) and the activator material, and to characterize the APG. Beside that, the research studied about the characteristics of liquid hand soap with the APG as the raw material. The synthesized APG had characteristics as follow: bright-yellow to brown-black  in color, with percent of transmittance value range of 12.99-55.91%. The yield obtained was 37.44-46.88%. The abilities to reduce surface tension were 59.90-64.10%; the ability to reduce interfacial tension were 90.69-94.25%, and emulsion stability of 65.24-80.49% in 5 hours. Compared to commercial APG, the ability to reduce surface tension was 55.97%, the ability to reduce interfacial tension was 91.63%, and emulsion stability of 66.46-70.73%. The best APG formulation had HLB value of 8.498.  Liquid soap produced using APG which is obtained previously has cleaning power as good as 128 FTU turbidity, specific gravity of 1.024 g/ml, pH of 6.98 and free of microbial contamination. While commercial liquid hand soap had the following characteristics: cleaning power of 192 FTU turbidity, specific gravity of 1.027 g/ml, pH of 7.03, and free of microbial contamination. Organoleptic test on the aroma, colour, and impression after the use of liquid hand soap formulation showed that in general, panelists preferred the best formulation of liquid hand soap. While on foam and viscosity properties, panelists preferred the commercial hand wash liquid soap of brand “D”.   Keywords: fatty alcohol, liquid hand soap, APG   
DESIGN OF FUZZY EXPERT SYSTEM FOR DETERMINATION OF CULTIVATION EFFECTIVENESS OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AS BIOFERTILIZER Aziz Kustio, Nur Azizah Azis, Marimin
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 20 No. 3 (2010): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

ABSTRACT  The use of biofertilizer provides many benefits, including the increase of agricultural production, quality improvement of agricultural products, as well as reduce of the use of artificial fertilizer. One of such biofertilizer is Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). In cultivation of AMF, there are some environment factors which influence cultivation effectiveness, such as soil pH, mean temperature, soil water content, and suitability of host plant.  Incompatible factor can give negative impact on AMF cultivation. This research designed an expert system to observe effectiveness value of AMF cultivation based on certain environment factors. This research focused on three AMF species, namely Entrophospora columbiana, Glomus fasciculatum, and Glomus manihotis. This system was built using Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) with four fuzzy parameters: suitability of host plant, soil pH, mean temperature, and soil water content.  Rules as knowledge base had been built with total 144 rules for each AMF species. Mamdani method was used as inference process. The system gave cultivation effectiveness value as output. The effectiveness value showed how effective cultivation process on certain input condition as compared to its best condition. The effectiveness value was also divided into four categories: not effective, slightly effective, moderately effective, and effective. Based on verification result, the system was still unable to gives an accurate effectiveness percentage, although it was quite good on giving right effectiveness category. To be used in real condition, this system must still be developed further. For example, the reasoning system should be added with other factors, such as cultivation time and type of cultivation media.   Keywords: biofertilizer, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, fuzzy expert system, Mamdani method 
MASS TRANSFER MODEL FOR CONCENTRATING SIAM JUICE BY LOW PRESSURE REVERSE OSMOSIS Erliza Noor, Adetiya Rachman, Setyajit
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 20 No. 3 (2010): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

ABSTRACT  This research studied mass transfer model for concentrating siam juice by low pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO). A spiral wound module equipped by a polyamide membrane was operated at various transmembrane pressures and crossflow velocities. The permeate flux  was predicted by using a modification of Solution-Diffusion (SD) with thin film model and adsorption resistance model. Modified solution diffusion model with adsorption resistance predicted well the flux for LPRO (< 8 bars) compared to modified solution diffusion and thin film model. Concentrating of juice by LPRO was more influenced by adsorption rather than by deposition of solute on the membrane surface.   Keywords:  low pressure reverse osmosis, concentration of siam juice, solution diffusion model, adsorption 
UTILIZATION OF NATRIUM LIGNOSULPONATE FROM BLACK LIQUOR AS DISPERSANT ADDITIVE FOR ECO-MORTAR MIXTURE Sri Mudiastuti, Suryono Suryokusumo, Gustini Syahbirin dan Yuyun Yumairoh
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 20 No. 3 (2010): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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ABSTRACT  Lignin of lignosulfonate was made by a waste product of pulp and paper industry which can be used as a water reducer in a mortar mixture  which consisted of 338 grams of water, 1050 grams of stone granule, 520 grams cement and 0.3 percent of natrium lignosulfonate. The mechanical characteristics of this mortar substances can influence such as diameter of flow, flexural strength, compressive strength, and setting time of cement paste. Lignosulfonate shows its function as dispersant on cement hydration for 3 days as it was analyzed by x-ray difractometer. Research result showed that flow of fresh mortar rise with increase of concentration (from weight of cement) of synthetic natrium lignosulfonate (NaLS). It showed that mortar homogenity also increased. The result of flexural strength and compressive strength tests using synthetic NaLS of 0.1-0.3% from weight of cement showed that addition of synthetic NaLS of 0.2% was the best result as shown it had the highest of flexural strenght and compressive strength values. Initial setting time of cement paste increased about 50% with addition of synthetic NaLS 0.2%. Whereas the final setting time decreased about 8%. Cement hydration test showed the increases of hydration product peak, Ca(OH)2 and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) contents.  Keywords: black liquor, lignosulfonate, mortar, compressive strength, flexural strength  
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SUPPLY CHAIN FOR BEEF CATTLE: CASE STUDY AT PT KARIYANA GITA UTAMA, JAKARTA Yayat Hidayat Fatahilah, Marimin, Harianto
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 20 No. 3 (2010): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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ABSTRACT  A performance measurement model is a necessary tool for beef cattle supply chain network optimization. The performance measurement is conducted to support an objective planning, the performance evaluation, and determination of the future steps in strategic, tactical and operational levels. The purposes of this research were (i) to study the beef cattle supply chain management, (ii) to analyze the value added in each member of supply chain, and (iii) to analyze supply chain management performance.  The methods used in this research were Hayami value added method and the Balanced Scorecard model combined with Fuzzy AHP.  Beef cattle supply chain started from beef cattle importer as a supplier, PT Kariyana Gita Utama as producer (feedloter), and distributors (brokers and traders cutter) as customer. Based on the mechanism of the supply chain of beef cattle indicates that there were six models of the supply chain. Each model had a market segment that was affected by the prevailing system among members of the supply chain, customer location, and product quality. The measurement of value added in each member showed that small-scale trader (trader cutter) got the highest value added about 10.44%. The performance measurement of supply chain in PT Kariyana Gita Utama in 2009 showed that the total of target attainment was about 88.05%. Customer perspective was the highest of target attainment about 107.10%, and financial perspective was the lowest of target attainment about 78.97%. Keywords:  performance measurement, supply chain, balanced scorecard, fuzzy AHP, beef cattle 
APLICATION OF ISM AND ME-MCDM TECHNIQUES FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF STAKEHOLDERS POSITION AND ACTIVITY ALTERNATIVES TO IMPROVE QUALITY OF GAYO COFFEE Rachman Jaya, Machfud dan Muhammad Islam
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 21 No. 1 (2011): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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ABSTRACT  Application of artificial intelligence such as fuzzy logic is one of the ways to handle in the realworld with uncertainty situation like in coffee bean industry in Highland Gayo of Aceh Province. The aims of this study were to apply Fuzzy Multi Expert Multi Criteria Decision Making (MEMCDM) and Interpretatif Stuctural Modelling (ISM) methods in increasing of institutional system and coffee quality.  The results of the study shows that for the coffee quality improvement, the importance alternatives were: improvement of agricultural technique, pre-harvest and post harvest technologies, whereas for the institutional system, the key elements were local government, farmers, and middle-man.    Keywords: fuzzy-MEMCDM, ISM, institutional, quality of coffee 
OPTIMIZATION OF GLYSEROL TERT-BUTIL ETER PROCESS SYNTHESIS AS A BIODIESEL ADDITIVE Dwi Setyaningsih, Sri Yuliani dan Amri Solechan
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 21 No. 1 (2011): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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ABSTRACT Methyl esters of fatty acids, also known as biodiesel, made from transestherification of vegetable oil with methanol, have shown a lot of promise as alternative diesel fuels. However, biodiesel has some weaknesses that is poor of cold flow properties which can be a problem in temperate climate. Glycerol, as a by product of biodiesel process, can be synthesized become glycerol tert-butyl ether (GTBE) that can improve biodiesel cold flow properties. Etherification of glycerol with tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) catalyzed by bentonite was studied by influence of reaction time, temperature, and amount of catalyst. Central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to determine limitations, levels  for each factor, and the experimental design. Minimum level for reaction time was 6 hours and the maximum level was 10 hours. Minimum level for temperature was 60ºC and the maximum level was 80ºC. Minimum level for amount of catalyst was 2.5% and the maximum level was 7.5%. Total GTBE  yields was in the range of 8,958.99 ppm to 265,488.83 ppm. Optimal condition for syntheses GTBE was predicted at 4.9 hours of reaction time, 66.2ºC of reaction temperature, and 9.7% of catalyst with the yield after verification was 962,092.20. GTBE that has been  synthesized could reduce cloud point and pour point biodiesel by 3°C.  Keywords: biodiesel, etherification, glycerol tert-butyl ether (GTBE), optimization 
PREDICTION OF VEGETABLE SUPPLY CRISIS TO URBAN AREAS WITH CONCEPT OF CRISIS BAROMETERS, BETA DISTRIBUTION, ESTIMATION OF THE POSSIBILITY VALUE AND MARKOV CHAINS Erna Rusliana M. Saleh dan Taufik Djatna
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 21 No. 1 (2011): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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ABSTRACT  Vegetable is a perishable commodity. When the crisis occurred such as floods, damages suffered by the company supplying the vegetables will be even greater, since the supply process is stuck. Floods in DKI Jakarta in recent years caused economic activity, including any system of vegetable supplies in crisis. Therefore, efforts are needed to deal with strategic planning the distribution of vegetables. The purpose of this paper was to identify the crisis conditions, to estimate the timing of the crisis and to predict the likely location of the crisis affected the supply of vegetables to urban areas due to flooding occurred with the concept of crisis barometer, the beta distribution, the estimated  value of the possibility and markov chain. The results of the aggregation values of CIV and PF for forecasting the condition of vegetable supplier corporate crisis, obtained a value of 8 and 71.7% of the mean position of the status of the crisis faced by the firm was in alarming condition. Estimated time of vegetable supply crisis was expected to occur in 1126 years later. Predicted results show the possible locations of crisis that the possibility of crisis events in Jatinegara, Pulogadung, Kramat Jati, Cakung, Makassar, Pasar Rebo, Ciracas, Matraman and Duren Sawit for 2012 were 18.93%, 8.80%, 14.63%, 20.61%, 8.69%, 4.89%, 12.93%, 2.57%, and 8.98%.  Keywords:  vegetable supply,  crisis prediction, crisis barometer, beta distribution, estimate the value of possibility, markov chains 

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