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Lowland Technology International
Published by International Association of Lowland Technology
ISSN : 13449656     EISSN : 21878870     DOI : https://doi.org/10.0001/ialt_lti
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Engineering Transportation
The Lowland Technology International Journal presents activity and research developments in Geotechnical Engineering, Water Resources Engineering, Structural Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Urban Planning, Coastal Engineering, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Sipil dan Struktur
Articles 463 Documents
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TIME-DEPENDENT ELASTOPLASTIC CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION OF SOILS AND ITS APPLICATION TO FEM IMPLEMENTATION T. Okayasu; K. Hashiguchi
Lowland Technology International Vol 3 No 2, Dec (2001)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

The time-dependent subloading surface model (Hashiguchi and Okayasu 2000) would predict time-dependent elastoplastic deformation of materials pertinently. In this article the equation of the creep stretching formulated in the previous article for soils is extended so as to predict the time-dependent deformation of soils more accurately. Its adequacy is evaluated by comparisons with test data under undrained triaxial compression. Further, the finite element method (FEM) program for the prediction of time-dependent elastoplastic deformation behavior of soil structures is developed based on the time-dependent subloading surface model, the soil-water coupled formulation and the finite deformation theory. The ability of the FEM program is examined for the simulation of one-dimensional consolidation phenomenon.
EFFECT OF SOIL STIFFNESS AND GROUND DISPLACEMENT IN EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE OF BRIDGES WITH PILE FOUNDATION R. Mahmudur; K. Izuka; K. Imamura; K. Koga; T. Ohtsuka; G. Aramaki
Lowland Technology International Vol 3 No 2, Dec (2001)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Dynamic analysis was carried for earthquake response of prototype bridge structure with pile foundation in clay soil with sand base. Analysis was carried out for different soil stiffness parameter, Vs (shear wave velocity)- value using "Single input model" which does not consider the ground displacement. It was found that with increasing soil stiffness, eefect of ground displacement on response becomes smaller and the two models yielded similar results. Consideration of ground displacement has great effect in earthquake response for clay with shear velocity, Vs less than 100 m/sec i.e. for soft clay. Vs-value of 150 m/sec may be considered the critical velocity after which consideration of ground displacement has much less effect and thus simpler "Single input model" may be used. This corresponds to cohesion, cu value of 60 kPa and N- value of 4 approximately. It was also shown that strain dependence of shear modulus and damping have significant effect on displacement of the soil deposit.
INFLUENCE FACTORS ON THE LABORATORY TESTING OF GEOTEXTILES UNDER CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT D. T. Bergado; S. Youwai; J. Maneecharoen
Lowland Technology International Vol 4 No 1, June (2002)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

In order to investigate the influence factors affecting index and engineering properties of geotextiles under controlled environtments, different tests were conducted using both heat-bonded nonwoven and needle-punched nonwoven geotextiles, namely: apparent opening size (AOS), wide-width tensile strength, premittivity, transmissivity, and puncture resistance. The effect of humidity on the pore size og the samples was also investigated. To sheck whether the clamping system has an effect on the strength of geotextiles, over 24o tests were conduted. The presence of air bubbles in water and its effect on the permittivity and transmissivity of geotextiles were also verified. Also investigated were the effects of higher strain rate and displacement rate on the tensile strength and puncture resistancem respectively. The results indicate that decreasing humidity slightly increased the AOS; higher strain rate and the use of hydraulic clamp increased the wide-width tensile strength; using de-aired water largely improved the permittivity and transmissivity; and increasing the strain rate decreased the puncture resistance. The effects of humidity and oxygen content were more pronounced and obvious in the case of needle-punched geotextile compared to heat-bounded nonwoven geotextile.
AUTOMATION OF THE RIJNLAND STORAGE BASIN, THE NETHERLANDS W. Schuurmans; P. E. R. M van Leeuwen; F. E. van Kruiningen
Lowland Technology International Vol 4 No 1, June (2002)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

The project “Automation of the storage Basin Rijnland” (ABR), was finalised at the beginning of the year 2000, that is three year later than originally planned. The project has resulted in an automatic control system for four drainage pumping stations (total capacity 150 m³/s) and an intake structure. The system can be operated with or without the intervention of a water manager. The original design of the system however, appeared not to function in practice. The system is currently running according to expectation, but its design has been adjusted drastically.
BEHAVIOR OF THEORETICAL CURVE NUMBERS WITH RESPECT TO SOIL AND RAINFALL PROPERTIES T. Y. Gan
Lowland Technology International Vol 4 No 1, June (2002)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

A dimensional analysis fails to obtain a universal, dimensionless relationshop between the maximum retention potential (S) of the Soil Conservation Service (SCS), runoff curve numbers (CN), and saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks, sorptivity, rainfall parameters, surface runoff, and soil moisture. Next, both S and the theoretical CN (CNT) were calibrated based on the numerical solutions of Richard’s equation applied to homogeneous soil columns. Result show that S and CNT are directly related to soil but inversely related to rainfall properties. As a temporally-lumped model, CN generally estimated lower cumulative infiltration than that of Richard’s equation; and in practice, the CN method may perform poorly if (1) Antecedent Moisture Conditions (AMC) is low, (2) the initial rainfall is much higher than Ks which leads to Horton overland florw, or (3) the rain pulses after the initial abstraction is satisfied are small. Before applications, adjustment of CNT with respect to the standart CN of fallow/idle land to reflect the effect of landuse, land treatment, and hydrologic conditions are recomended.
DEVELOPMENT AND HUMAN SETTLEMENT IN SAGA AND SHIROISHI PLAINS BY RECLAMATION M. R. Madhav; N. Miura; T. Igarashi
Lowland Technology International Vol 4 No 1, June (2002)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

The paper describes a case study of development of a very unique region in Japan, consisting of the Ariake bay and the Saga plain, which is subjected to about 6 m of tidal fluctuations and had been reclaimed from the sea over a period of centuries. The sequences of land development, reclamations, developments of water systems, dwellings, etc. are traced. The distinct characteristics of hydrology, irrigation and water management and urban drainage are described. Lastly, the serious problem of subsidence due to excessive pumping of ground water mostly for irrigation but also for industrial and domestic use is high-lighted. The human settlements in this region have evolved along unique patterns of design especially of the water systems and the houses in spite of being subjected to construction on very soft soil, being buffeted by typhoons and subsidence.
AN OBSERVATIONAL PREDCTION OF LAND SUBSIDENCE FOR A GIS-AIDED MONITORING SYSTEM OF GROUNDWATER LEVEL S. Murakami; K. Yasuhara; N. Mochizuki
Lowland Technology International Vol 4 No 1, June (2002)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

A simplified method for observational prediction of land subsidence based on settlement versus time records being previously observed at locations of the objective area was proposed in the present paper for use of the geographical information system (GIS). However, no consideration of ground water level (GWL) variations was taken into proposal of the method. The present paper, however, attempts to realize use of this time series analysis. Settlement variations over time predicted using the proposed two methods available for cases with and without consideration of GWL fluctuation were compared with those observed at locations in the objective area. In comparison with a method which ignores GWL fluctuation, better agreement was recognized between predicted and measured settlement versus relations. In particular, it was found that the proposed method succeeds in predicting settlemet acceleration over time during water shortage periods. Results predicted using the proposed method are displayed as a hazard map using the GIS. Based on the GIS application map, a possible monitoring system is presented for groundwater usage optimization.
INVESTIGATION OF SHORT-TERM RUTTING PROCESS OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT SYSTEM WITH GEOGRID - REINFORCEMENTS BY HOMOGENIZATION METHOD B. B. Budkowska; J. Yu
Lowland Technology International Vol 4 No 2, Dec (2002)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

This paper presents the investigations on short-term rutting that is developed in standard and geogrid-reinforced flexible pavement structure. The main source of the supporting experimental data acquisition on studied type of rutting was provided by laboratory records that had been published in technical literature. The experimental research focused on the development of clear grounds indicating that geogrid-reinforcement is the effective method of reduction of permanent deformations of the pavement system. The comprehensive discussion on the laboratory results showed that the placement of geogrid-reinforcement at various levels of base layer, generated different effects invarious parts of the pavement system. The numerical investigations are focused on determination of modulus of permanent deformation Ep for each layer contributing to the pavement structure. They are considered as being the functions of the number of load repetition N. The constutitutive law incorporated for this purpose is modified 3-D Hooke's law that involves the modulus of permanent deformations. The identification of Ep is-conducted in the framework of homogenization method which assumes the homogenity and isotropy of each layer. The fact of irreversibility of permanent deformations is taken into consideration by geometry's continous updating process. The determination of Ep requires full information on increments of permanent displacements of control points corresponding to each consecutive load repetition. The numerical investigations are performed for axisymetric geometry by means of the finite element analysis (FEA) program ABAQUS (1998). To guarantee the correctness of the results obtained, the problem that was explored was subjected to verivication studies by means of the KENLAYER (1993) program, that was suitably adjusted for this purpose.
APPLICATION OF ANN FOR RESERVOIR INFLOW FORECASTING USING SNOWMELT EQUIVALENT IN THE KARAJ RIVER WATERSHED H. R. Eslami; K. Mohammadi
Lowland Technology International Vol 4 No 2, Dec (2002)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Three different methods were used to predict the spring inflow into the Amir Kabir reservoir, which is located near Tehran, Iran. The spring inflow accounts for almost 60 percent of annual inflow to the reservoir. Utilizing the results of an artificial neural network (ANN) model, the inflow to Amir Kabir reservoir is predicted. It will be compared with two other methods: ARIMA time series and regression analysis between some hydroclimatological data and inflow. Using the thirty years of observed data proved that the ANN has a better performance than that the other methods have.
SEISMIC ANALYSIS SYSTEM OF BRIDGE PIER WITH PILE FOUNDATION IN ARIAKE SOFT CLAY REGION R. Mahmudur; G. Aramaki; Koga Katsuki; T. Ohtsuka
Lowland Technology International Vol 4 No 2, Dec (2002)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

In our earlier paper which appeared in IALT, it is pointed out that design of bridge pier with big seismic loading needs special attention such as consideration of ground displacement, soil-pile interaction effect etc., when foundation pile penetrate through soft clay layer and ground displacement largely depends on soil shear wave velocity, Vs & strain dependence of G/G0. The Road Bridge Code in Japan states that shear wave velocity, Vs can be considered 50 m/sec in soft clay having SPT N-value zer. In this study, seismic analysis was carried out considering three cases: Case I using measured Vs value, Case II where Vs = 50 m/sec for all layers and Case III where Vs is calculated from the Railway Bridge Standard in Japan formula for the soft clay layer. Both of Penzien model and single input model analysis were performed. The bridge structure used in the analysis was first designedby Seismic Co-efficient Method and Ductility Design Method. In dynamic analysis, non-linear clasto-plastic material behavior was considered for piles. Lincar pile behavior case was also performed. In the former case rensponses mainly displacement and bending moment were found less compared to linear case. Responses in Case II were found much higher than other two cases and would result very uneconomical design. Penzien model analysis system, with non-linear pile material consideration is proposed for analysis of bridge pier with pile foundation in Ariake soft clay region. It is emphasized that Vs and also strain dependence of G/G0 be precisely measured in the soft clay region because of their big influence in seismic analysis in soft clay region. Difference between responses in Case I and Case III were found small. In the unavailability of measured data Vs may be calculated by the Railway Bridge Standard formula.

Page 11 of 47 | Total Record : 463

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