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Evi Aprianti
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International Association of Lowland Technology In Collaboration with Hasanuddin University and Saga University Address Faculty of Engineering, Center of Technology Building, 1st Floor Jalan Poros Malino km. 6, Bontomarannu, Gowa Indonesia Postal Code: 91711
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Lowland Technology International
Published by International Association of Lowland Technology
ISSN : 13449656     EISSN : 21878870     DOI : https://doi.org/10.0001/ialt_lti
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Engineering Transportation
The Lowland Technology International Journal presents activity and research developments in Geotechnical Engineering, Water Resources Engineering, Structural Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Urban Planning, Coastal Engineering, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Sipil dan Struktur
Articles 463 Documents
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EVALUATION OF DRAINAGE WATER QUALITY FOR REUSE - A CASE STUDY OF THE UMOUM DRAIN IN EGYPT Hossam M. Nagy; Adel A. S. Salem
Lowland Technology International Vol 5 No 2, Dec (2003)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Water resources in Egypt, being fixed in quantity, are under heavy pressure due to a continuously increasingpopulation. As such, reuse of drainage water for irrigation is an attractive proposition and is possible if the drainage water is of satisfactory quality. The Umoum Drain, one of the largest drains in the West Delta region, receives more than one billion cubic meters per year of agricultural drainage water. Moreover, the drain receives both raw and treated wastewater from several defined and undefined sources. In this study, the quality of the drain water was investigated. Flow and water quality profiles have been estimated along the drain through the mathematical model, QUAL2E. The model is used for calibratingthe deoxygenation rate in the drain by utilizing measured field data reported by the Drainage Research Institute (DRI), National Water Research Center in Egypt. The study concentrated on two nonconservative constituents: biochemical oxygendemand, BOD5, and dissolved oxygen, DO, and one conservative constituent representing the water salinity in terms of total dissolved solids, TDS. A parametric study is presented to investigate the effects of the deoxygenation rate on the values of BOD5, and DO concentrations in drainage water. A dynamic management strategy is presented as part of the scheme for improving water quality before discharge into the irrigation network. Primary treatment wastewater plants are proposed in specific locations along the drain. The study presents a design chart identifying the optimal amount of fresh water needed for the dilution of drainage water.
YANGTZE DYKE AND ITS STRENGTHENING G. - X. Li; Y. - X. Jie; Q. - Y. Li
Lowland Technology International Vol 5 No 2, Dec (2003)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Levees play important role in flood prevention. More than 30,000 km length of levees protect the rich and populous plain regions of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. However, the quality of the levee varies greatly in different regions. This paper summarizes the characteristic of Yangtze dyke, its main dangerous situations and hidden defects, together with the measures for handling these problems.
HYDRAULICS OF GROUNDWATER FLOW AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AFFECTING AQUIFER SYSTEM COMPRESSION IN SHIROISHI, SAGA PLAIN N. Cao Don; H. Araki; H. Yamanishi; K. Koga
Lowland Technology International Vol 5 No 2, Dec (2003)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Land subsidence in Shiroishi area in the Saga plain, Japan, has become noticeable since 1960s. Water supplied to agriculture has traditionally been a high priority for water managers in this region. Intense withdrawals of groundwater in excess of natural recharge have resulted in land subsidence in this region. Land subsidence can have several negative economic and social implications. Many problems associated with land subsidence can be observed in this area. In this paper, a numerical model that incorporated 3-D groundwater flow and I-D ground consolidation was applied to simulate groundwater level and ground consolidation. It is found that subsidence rapidly occurs throughout the area with the central prone in Shiroishi basin. Certain hydrogeologic parameters such as inelastic storage coefficient, elastic storage coefficient, and hydraulic conductivity of soil layers contribute significantly effects to both the rate and magnitude of consolidation. Moreover, a considerable reduction in discharge is supposed necessary for future development of the region to alleviate the effects of groundwater overdraft.
LAND SUBSIDENCE DUE TO WITHDRAWAL OF DEEP-GROUNDWATER Shen S.-L; Tohno I; Nishgaki M.; Miura N.
Lowland Technology International Vol 6 No 1, June (2004)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

This paper presents a case history of land subsidence due to withdrawal of groundwater from deep marine sediments at the mid-northern part of Boso Peninsula, Chiba, Japan. Since 1969, subsidence has been observed in a large area. The maximum accumulative subsidence in the past 33 years has been about 0.85 m. In order to obtain overall information, 3D FEM analysis was conducted to calculate the land subsidence resulting from extraction of deep-ground water. The calculation method is based on the theory of groundwater flow through saturated and unsaturated media. This in an uncoupled approach for consolidation analysis. The compressibility of ground is considered in the calculation. In the calculation, the behavior of hydraulic conductivity and the compressibility of reservoir rock (Plio-Pleistocene sediments) under high presure were determined by laboratory odometer test and take into consideration. The analytical results were compared with the field-observed data. The results showed that this approach simulated the field case fairly well.
SHEAR STRENGTH OF COMPACTED GREEN CLAY PHYSICO-CHEMICAL FACTORS M. Omar; A. Shanableh; A. Tahmaz
Lowland Technology International Vol 6 No 1, June (2004)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Shear strength characteristics of Jordan’s green clay influenced by physico-chemical factors have been investigated. The investigation was carried out by subjecting soil to treatment by different cations namely, sodium, calcium, and potassium at three the pH-values (pH= 2.0, pH=7.0, pH= 12.0). Treated and untreated soils were tested at three different states on the compaction curve namely dry of optimum, optimum (= 12.5 kN/m³), and wet optimum. All specimens were tested for shear strength using unconsolidated undrained triaxial loading procedure. Test results indicated that shear strength of the natural soil was the highest in comparison with treated soils. In addition, K-treated soils showed the highest shear strength followed by the Ca-treated soil while, the Na-treated soil was the lowest in shear strength for all the states on the compaction curve except at the wet of optimum, where the Ca-treated soil was the highest in shear strength among all the treated soils. At pH=7.0 (Neutral state) the highest shear strength was recorded but as soils changed from acidic to basic shear, strength decreased accordingly.
A NEW METHOD FOR CALCULATION OF FUZZY RESPONSE SPECTRA OF EARTHQUAKE MOTION IN LOWLAND Ansari A.; Noorzad A.
Lowland Technology International Vol 6 No 1, June (2004)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

The characteristic parameters of a system which are involved in dynamic analysis of a structure i.e. mass, stiffness and damping in addition to the input excitation have got some kind of fuzziness and vagueness. This vagueness is due to imprecise determination of such paraemeters and the complexity of real dynamic systems which are common in lowlands. On the other hand, nonhomogenity in soil properties and complex topography of soil layers have a great influence on the response of the ground. As a result, the effect of uncertainty of these parameters on the ground response is very important. This kind of uncertainty is not like randomness and it is necessary to consider it with the help of Fuzzy mathematics. In this paper a new method for fuzzy dynamic analysis of systems is introduced. According to this model, by the means of the a prallel system, the problem of combination explosion, which is due to fuzziness of system parameters, is solved. Moreover, the results of a study on the influence of different parameters’ fuzziness on the response spectrum are presented and a comparison between results of fuzzy analysis and traditional sensitivity analysis is made. Meanwhile, the effects of such uncertainty on response spectra are described.
EARTH SEWING TECHNIQUE FOR THE PRESERVATION OF FANASAKO HISTORICAL KILN SITES X. J. Chai; S. Hayashi; Y. J. Du
Lowland Technology International Vol 6 No 1, June (2004)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

The Funasako historical klin sites, which are located in the northern part Kyushu Island in Japan, have been considered as public exhibition areas. This requires preservation of the kiln remains by reinforcement of the soil. Considering the complicated local topography, the reinforcement method that was proposed is a combination of chemical grouting and soil nailing, and is termed the Earth Sewing Technique (EST) in this paper. In order to prevent disturbance of the soil in the kiln remains, a drilling hole diameter for soil nailing of 7 mm with a tendon (bolt) that has a diameter of 3 mm was selected. Field full-scale pullout test at a model kiln site were carried out before applying the reinforcement technique to the real historical kiln sites. This paper presents the field pullout results and the results of a series of laboratory pullout test that were conducted to investigate the critical factors affecting the perfomance of the EST. Design parameters have been recommended based on rational interpretation of the field and laboratory pullout test results. The pullout strength-water content relationships were found to be very useful for understanding and evaluating the shear strength capacity of soil nailing in partially saturated cohesive soils.
THE APPLICATION OF NORMALITY RULE AND ENERGY BALANCE EQUATIONS FOR NORMALLY CONSOLIDATED CLAYS A. S. Balasubramaniam; E. Y. N. Oh; M. Bolton
Lowland Technology International Vol 7 No 1, June (2005)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

In this paper, it is reiterated that the Roscoe and Poorooshasb (1963) formulation of the stress strain behaviour of normally consolidated clays is indeed in a more generalized form which is easily amenable to incorporate deformations under various degrees of drainage and can be extended to include cyclic loading and time effects beyond the primary phase of deformation. Also, the formulation can be used for stress states below the state boundary surface to include lightly overconsolidated and heavily overconsolidated clays. Particularly, it is shown here that Cam Clay model of Roscoe et al. (1963) and Modified Cam Clay model of Roscoe and Burland (1968) as based on energy balance equations and the normality concept can be considered as the special cases of the original formulation of Roscoe and Poorooshasb (1963). In order to achieve this, all theories are presented in similar mathematical forms, adopting the same formulation of Roscoe and Poorooshasb (1963). Modified Cam Clay Model of Roscoe and Burland, and the Roscoe and Poorooshasb theory made identical predictions of the shape of the state boundary surface, the pore pressure development during undrained behaviour, and the volumetric strain in the drained tests for all types of applied stress paths. Also, Modified Cam Clay model was only successful in predicting the shear strains along radial stress paths. For non-radial stress paths, Modified Cam Clay model needed an additional set of constant deviator stress yield loci, and when such a set was incorporated, the prediction from Modified Cam Clay model was the same as the original prediction of Roscoe and Poorooshasb (1963).
THERMAL CONSOLIDATION OF SOFT BANGKOK CLAY H. M. Abuel-Naga; D. T. Bergado; S. Soralump; P. Rujivipat
Lowland Technology International Vol 7 No 1, June (2005)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Understanding the thermo-mechanical behavior of saturated fine grained soils has become a very important topic whenever the geotechnical problems involve thermal effects. Previous research works in literature show that by subjecting the saturated fine-grained soils to temperature less than water boiling point volumetric and shear strength changes are induced. The thermally induced changes have been attributed to the physico-chemical change at the microscopic level. The aim of this research is to study the thermo-mechanical behavior of natural soft Bangkok clay, with temperature up to 90OC. Intensive laboratory tests using modified oedometer apparatus were conducted to investigate this behavior. The testing program was directed to study the effect of heat on the thermally induced volume change at different temperature and stress conditions, the thermal evolution of the preconsolidation pressure, the induced overconsolidation behavior after heating/cooling cycle, and the effect of temperature on the hydraulic conductivity. The experiments carried out on soft Bangkok clay provided some additional useful data on the thermo-mechanical behavior of the soft deposits. The results of this research work have been compared with those in literature with different clay types to generalize the thermo-mechanical behavior of the saturated clays.
UNCONSTRAINED CITY DEVELOPMENT USING THE EXTENSION OF STOCHASTIC EDEN SIMULATION K. Teknomo; G. P. Gerilla; K. Hokao; L. Benguigui
Lowland Technology International Vol 7 No 1, June (2005)
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

In the quest for a special tool for lowland urban growth model, we have developed a model of a city based on the analogy of biological cell growth using the extension of the stochastic growth Eden simulation. In this paper, we described the theoretical observable fact on how a city grows if the land is flat and there is no natural barrier for the development. Similar researches on cellular urban growth are reviewed and we showed how they are different from our model. Urban growth model development using the extension of the Eden model as analogues to biological cell growth is explained. The model is applied to simulate a hypothetical unconstrained city development. The simulation results shows that for a mono-centric city without any development constraint, the expansion rate of the city area is equivalent to the ratio of the perimeter per area of the city. This result may be useful to predict the approximategrowth rate of any city without any prior knowledge of the historical data. Furthermore, it was found that the growth of an unconstrained city is almost circular with a decreasing rate of the mean radius growth.

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