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International Association of Lowland Technology In Collaboration with Hasanuddin University and Saga University Address Faculty of Engineering, Center of Technology Building, 1st Floor Jalan Poros Malino km. 6, Bontomarannu, Gowa Indonesia Postal Code: 91711
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Lowland Technology International
Published by International Association of Lowland Technology
ISSN : 13449656     EISSN : 21878870     DOI : https://doi.org/10.0001/ialt_lti
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Engineering Transportation
The Lowland Technology International Journal presents activity and research developments in Geotechnical Engineering, Water Resources Engineering, Structural Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Urban Planning, Coastal Engineering, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Sipil dan Struktur
Articles 463 Documents
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Dewatering effect on dredged slurry clay by different types of drainage materials S O Flemmy; K Omine; Z Zhang
Lowland Technology International Vol 22 No 1 (2020): Lowland Technology International Journal - Special Issue on: Engineering Geology
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Kumamoto slurry clay has high water content and organiccontent. From the preliminary test, it was found thatimprovement effect of this clay by adding hardening agent suchas cement is very small. It was also suggested that dewateringof the clay is important for improvement. In this work, severaltypes of drainage materials were installed in the slurry clay inthe field and laboratory test conditions, respectively. A simpledewatering method of soft clay using geotextile as drainagematerials was proposed based on the dewatering test results.The effect of the drainage materials on the slurry clay wereevaluated by ratio of 7 day water content and initial watercontent of the slurry clay (w7/w0). The ratio of w7/w0 in thesamples with string and cloth was 0.55 under the effectivedrainage condition in the laboratory test. The values of w7/w0 onthe field dewatering tests with the drainage materials (string andcloth) are below 0.75. In the laboratory and field dewateringtests, 25 and 35 kPa vacuum pressure can be obtained,respectively. It is indicated that the drainage materials areeffective for reducing the water content of the slurry clay withoutapplying external force of energy.
Determination of Optimum Strength of Red Soil and Mixed Soil using Soil-Cement (S/C) Mix Ratio S Karki; S. Manandhar Manandhar; P. Voottipruex
Lowland Technology International Vol 22 No 1 (2020): Lowland Technology International Journal - Special Issue on: Engineering Geology
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

The research paper is focused on the improvement of the palaeolateritic red soil, clayey silt of low plasticity (ML) from Ratmatearea incorporating mixed with poorly graded sand with gravels(SP) from Helipad area inside the premises of Devghathydropower station, Nuwakot District, Nepal. With theconfirmation of maximum dry density (MDD) and optimummoisture content (OMC), 20% of SP was mixed homogenouslywith 80% of ML and experimented by adding cements at 3%,5%, 7% and 10% respectively. Hence ML and mixed soil(H20:R80) have been cured for 7, 14 and 28 days for thedetermination of undrained strength by UCS and pulse velocityby passing Pundit ultrasonic pulse velocity to check thecompactness of specimens. The Pearson’s coefficient ofcorrelation between UCS test and UPV revealed the strongpositive correlation linear relationship of 0.78. The linearregression model elucidates that for every additional undrainedstrength determined by UCS, the pulse velocity is expected to beenlarged by an average of 0.5135 m/s. Since, the cementadmixture of more than 7% impedes the rapid increase in pulsevelocity which was also confirmed by UCS tests due to thepresence of high capillary porosity of cement when excesscement was added. The study predicts that the optimum cementcontent for both soils in this research are best suitable at 7%admixture of cement when cured for 28 days.
Local Level Disaster Response Effectiveness in Nepal: Recent (31 March) Tornado as a Case Study S B Malla; R K Dahal; S Hasegawa
Lowland Technology International Vol 22 No 1 (2020): Lowland Technology International Journal - Special Issue on: Engineering Geology
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Nepal is amongst the most disaster-prone countries in the world.Annually more than 400 people are dying in various naturaldisasters. More than 80% of the population is at risk from naturalhazards like a landslide, flood, fire, cold wave, wind storm,avalanche, inundation, and glacial lake outburst.Surprisingly on 31st March 2019, a Tornado occurred inParsa and Bara districts. It was for the first time in the history ofNepal that a tornado of such magnitude occurred and causedsuch devastations. Twenty-eight people lost their lives and morethan 600 got severely injured. More than 1400 houses wereturned into rubble.In the immediate aftermath response operations werelaunched. Security forces including government agencies andhumanitarian organizations made their efforts to render rescueand relief to the victims. But the response effort was notsufficient. Keeping this tornado response as a case study thispaper examines the gap prevalent in local level disasterresponse mechanism in Nepal.During the research, it was found that the capacity of civilservants, bureaucrats, and elected representatives functioning atthe local level is not enough to render an effective response.
Investigation of Sub-Surface Geological and Man-Made Features in and Around Lazimpat - Maharajgunj Area, Kathmandu Valley Using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) A.D.A Chhetri; U.C Bhusal; L.P Paudel
Lowland Technology International Vol 22 No 1 (2020): Lowland Technology International Journal - Special Issue on: Engineering Geology
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Geophysical methods have been used as nondestructive,reliable and economic methods for subsurface detection. Thedepth of investigation ranges from shallow depth of centimeter tohundreds of meters from the surface. Among severalgeophysical methods like Seismic, Electrical, Gravity, Magnetic,Electromagnetic, Radar; Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) hasbeen used in present research to understand subsurfaceinformation about lithological characteristics and undergroundutilities (pipes, cables) passing along and across the roadalignment between Lazimpat-Maharajgunj road section ofKathmandu. GPR utilizes electromagnetic waves for subsurfacedetection and can effectively facilitate planning, design andexcavation of work. Data acquisition was carried out using SIR20instrument manufactured by Geophysical Survey System, Inc.with central frequency of 270 MHz at seven different locationswhich are further processed with processing software PRISM-2.GPR survey results shows presence of clay, silt, fine to mediumgrained sand with no distinct geological structure, utilities laidalong and across the road alignment at different locations andare marked on respective sections. GPR method can be used fordetecting subsurface geological and man-made features inKathmandu and areas having similar geology; prior toexcavations for infrastructure enhancement project so as tospeed up the work along with reduction/avoidance of damages
Implementing the Sendai Framework in developing countries using remote sensing techniques for the evaluation of natural hazards M.R.Z Whitworth; S.J Boulton; J.N Jones
Lowland Technology International Vol 22 No 1 (2020): Lowland Technology International Journal - Special Issue on: Engineering Geology
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

The UNISDR Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction hasthe stated outcome for “The substantial reduction of disaster riskand losses in lives, livelihoods and health and in the economic,physical, social, cultural and environmental assets of persons,businesses, communities and countries”. Priority 1 of theFramework, understanding disaster risk, requires policies andpractices for disaster risk management to be based on anunderstanding of disaster risk in all its dimensions ofvulnerability, capacity, exposure of persons and assets, hazardcharacteristics and the environment. In addition, complementaryschemes such as the Millennium Challenge Corporation, 100Resilient Cities and the UNISDR Disaster Resilient Scorecardalso have an essential requirement to identify, understand, anduse current and future risk scenarios. As natural hazards are acommon catalyst for disaster risk, understanding current andfuture risk scenarios requires detailed preliminary appraisals ofnatural hazard and risk scenarios, both at local and nationallevels, as detailed in the Sendai Framework. However, due to thedata-intense nature of such appraisals, undertaking them can beexpensive and time consuming, and thus hinder progress atmeeting the aims of Priority 1. As such, we here evaluate thepotential of available “Open Source” data, such asASTER/SRTM Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) andLandsat/Sentinel satellite imagery, coupled with a range ofprocessing techniques, for the cost and time effective screeningand preliminary assessment of a range of natural hazards.Despite the spatial resolution of these data being between 30 –50 m, the outputs provide an important preliminary assessmentof natural hazards, thus enabling policies and practices fordisaster risk management to be focused on areas of highsusceptibility and vulnerability. These methods are applicable tocommunities across the globe, but particularly to those withindeveloping countries that may be lacking alternative datasources
Innovations in the Improvements of Soft Bangkok Clay using Prefabricated Vertical Drains and Deep Cement Mixing (DCM) D.T Bergado; S Manandhar; S Soralump; T Hino
Lowland Technology International Vol 22 No 1 (2020): Lowland Technology International Journal - Special Issue on: Engineering Geology
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Soft ground improvement techniques such as PrefabricatedVertical Drains (PVD) and Deep Cement Mixing (DCM) are themost practical and popular methods to increase soil strength, soilstiffness and reduce soil compressibility of soft clays. PVDs areartificial drainage paths to vertically drain the pore watersqueezed out from the soft clay due hydraulic gradient generatedby preloading. DCMs are piles formed by mixing cement with softclays. This paper focuses on innovations and comparativeperformances of PVDs using surcharge, vacuum and heatpreloading as well as the cement-admixed clay of DCMs andStiffened DCM (SDCM) methods for the improvement of softBangkok clays. The Vacuum-PVD can increase the horizontalcoefficient of consolidation, Ch, resulting in faster rate ofsettlement at the same magnitudes of settlement compared toConventional PVD. Moreover, the new methods of Thermal PVDand Thermal Vacuum PVD can increase further the coefficient ofhorizontal consolidation, Ch, with the associated reduction ofkh/ks values by reducing the drainage retardation effects in thesmear zone around the PVD which resulted in faster rates ofconsolidation and higher magnitudes of settlements. A new kindof reinforcing method, the SDCM pile consists of DCM pilereinforced with precast reinforced concrete (RC) core pile. Thesimulation results using PLAXIS 3D indicated that the surfacesettlements decreased with increasing lengths of the RC corepiles. In addition, the lateral movements of the embankmentdecreased by increasing the lengths (longer than 4 m) and, thesectional areas of the RC core pile
Utilizing Geophysical Methods for Geothermal Exploration N Samsudin; N.M Muztaza; M.T Zakaria; T.O Adeeko; F Ahmad; M.H Arifin
Lowland Technology International Vol 22 No 1 (2020): Lowland Technology International Journal - Special Issue on: Engineering Geology
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Geothermal energy can be retrieved and simply generateenergy on par with the out-turn of other types of energyfabrication such as nuclear reactors due to its abundancy.Geothermal reservoirs are one of a naturally occurringhydrothermal resources. In this study, three geophysicalmethods were used to Pole-dipole array with an electrodespacing of 5 m was used during the application of 2-D electricalmethod meanwhile for magnetic method a proton precessionmagnetometer device and Global Positioning System (GPS)navigation were used when the method performed. Total of foursurvey lines were conducted for 2-D electrical and magneticmethod in which a data correlation between these two methodswill then be used for data interpretation. Inversion of apparentresistivity data to a 2-D electrical model section was done usinga RES2DINV software while for the magnetic data, MicrosoftExcels and Surfer 10 software was used and presented in aform of contouring in which discovered the fault zone. Analyticsignal map was produced from Surfer 10 and showing highmagnetic value in geothermal locality which is about >10 nTwhile resistivity gives a low value of 10 Ωm and IP shows highchargeability value of 40 msec. Increasing of iron oxide causingthe magnetic intensity to be high while increasing in temperatureresulted in low resistivity value. Most of the fractures occurred atdepth of 100 meters and above with size of approximately 20meters. The presence of fractures is associated with the majorfault in a geological map which occurred along the study area
Geophysical Approach for Water Seepage Study in Near Surface Assessment T Adeeko; N.M Muztaza; M.T Zakaria; N.A Ismail; N Samsudin; A.A Bery; F. Ahmad
Lowland Technology International Vol 22 No 1 (2020): Lowland Technology International Journal - Special Issue on: Engineering Geology
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Water seepage at urban area will affect the hydraulicconductivity and shear strength of soil that may causesubsurface problems such as landslides, sinkholes, cavities,ground subsidence and hazard to buildings. To delineateseepage pathways, geophysical data will be acquired. A studyhas been conducted at Penang to study the saturated zone,analyze the water flow directions and intensities to determinethe causes of localized near surface problems by using the 2-Dresistivity and self-potential (SP) methods. Five 2-D resistivitysurvey lines with minimum of 0.5 m electrode spacing wereexecuted using Pole-dipole array. The flow directions andintensities of the water were determined using self-potential(SP) method with interval spacing of 1 m. The inversion resultsshow the low resistivity value (1-100 Ωm) was dominant at thestudy area which was interpret as saturated zone. Resistivityvalue of 100-800 Ωm was interpret as alluvium. The resultdisplay by self-potential contour map shows the water flow fromhigher self-potential value (38 mV) towards the lower selfpotentialvalue (-22 mV) that is flow from west to east, which arerelated to seepage flow patterns, negative SP anomalies wererelated with subsurface seepage flow paths (recharge zone) andpositive SP anomalies were related with areas of seepageoutflow (discharge zone). Therefore, the two results have matchand show good correlation in water seepage investigation,which validates the results
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis for Nepal P.M Pradhan; S.P Timalsina; M.R Bhatt
Lowland Technology International Vol 22 No 1 (2020): Lowland Technology International Journal - Special Issue on: Engineering Geology
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Nepal lies in the zone of Himalayan belt formed due to collision oftwo continental plates and have the high probability of earthquakeoccurrence. Many destructive earthquakes have been reported inpast causing the massive destruction of lives and property. Forreducing the risks caused by seismic events, proper study shouldbe carried out beforehand, one of which is seismic hazard analysis.In this study, Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) iscarried out for Nepal and the hazard map is prepared in terms ofPeak Horizontal Acceleration (PHA) for 500 years return period atbedrock level. The available earthquake catalogue for Nepal isprocessed for magnitude homogeneity and removal of aftershocks.The seismicity parameters are obtained using the method obtainedfor multiple catalogs with different level of completeness. The areasource models are used for the analysis since the earthquakedistribution is diffused and no particular information on faults isavailable. The attenuation relationship available for subductionzone earthquake is used for determining the PHA at a particularsite. The software CRISIS2007 is used for computing andpreparing hazard map for Nepal. The map is divided into numberof sites using grids of 0.1o by 0.1o and PHA value at each grid iscomputed, finally, obtaining the hazard map for Nepal. The hazardmap shows that the PHA value varies from 0.09g to 0.5g for Nepal,with the maximum values at Eastern and Western part of Nepal.This high level of seismicity in the regions shows that the properplans should be implemented for reducing the risks caused byseismic events, like earthquake resistant design of structures
Effects of Soil Structure Interaction on Reinforced Concrete Framed Structures N. Dongol; s. Manandhar; P.M Pradhan
Lowland Technology International Vol 22 No 1 (2020): Lowland Technology International Journal - Special Issue on: Engineering Geology
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

This study proposes to highlight effects of soil structureinteraction on the Reinforced Concrete (RC) framedstructures. In this study, the seismic responses of thestructures are observed considering soil structureinteraction (SSI) from its actual soil condition. Here, twopreexisting structures are taken for the study. One isresidential building and the other is hospital building withtwo basements. Taking into account the actual soilcondition of each building site, this study provides idea onthe soil structure interaction on different kinds of buildings.Direct and substructure approaches are used to incorporatesoil structure interaction in the analysis. The properties ofsprings are calculated for different standard penetration test(SPT) values and springs are assigned for footing for thesubstructure approach. Entire soil-foundation-structuresystem is modelled and analyzed in single step for directapproach. Static analysis, response spectrum analysis andtime history analysis (THA) are done in order to find thevariations in natural periods, base shears and deflections ofthe structures by incorporating soil flexibility as compared tostructures with conventional fixed base.

Page 41 of 47 | Total Record : 463

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