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International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research

ijmaber
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Published by Future Science

ISSN : - EISSN : 27745368 DOI : 10.11594/ijmaber

Core Subject : Economy, Health, Science, Social, Engineering,

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Medicine & Pharmacology

International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research is a peer-reviewed in a monthly basis that publishes full-length papers. it is to enhance the dissemination of knowledge across the multidisciplinary community. We are particularly interested in papers relevant to all disciplines. The editorial board is keep to receive articles that address all areas. The editorial board is keep to receive articles that address, inter alia, the following business scientific fields: General management International business trategic management Marketing Supply chain management Operations management Knowledge management Management of education Organization studies Entrepreneurship Small and medium enterprise Innovation Human resource management Information technology E-business Financial management and time series analysis. Education Social Sciences Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Economic Development Tourism Development Arts and Language Sports Theory Others The above areas are just indicative and the editors, in principle, welcome rigorous articles that encompass any scientific business and management field.

Arjuna Subject : Bisnis, Menejemen, dan Akutansi (semua kategori) - Bisnis, Menejemen, dan Akutansi (Lain-Lain)

Articles 2,054 Documents

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The Influence of the US Dollar-Philippine Peso Exchange Rate Fluctuations to Inflation Rates, and GDP Anne Lorraine L. Abanto; Harvey E. Destura; Edrich Nigel A. Georsua; Hafsah D. Macaurao; Honey Niez; Ivy Paulen S. Pelonio; Lalaine O. Narsico; Peter G. Narsico
International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research Vol. 7 No. 7 (2026): International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Rese
Publisher : Future Science / FSH-PH Publications

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/ijmaber.07.07.29

The study aims to analyse the empirical relationship between USD/PHP exchange rate, headline inflation and real GDP growth in the Philippines from 2010 - 2024. We utilized secondary data from Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) and Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) and employed descriptive statistics and bivariate linear regression models as an empirical baseline. The results show a baseline of systematic peso depreciation and stable inflation with supply-driven spikes in 2018 and 2023. The impact of the bilateral exchange rate on the variation of GDP growth is very low (R2 = 0.003) and the impact on inflation is weak and not statistically significant (R2 = 0.152). From this evidence we can say inflation and GDP are far more affected by other factors like food price, energy price and demand at home than exchange rates. Limitations include relatively small sample size and simple modelling approach. Future studies should incorporate more variables and more dynamic methods capturing the interactions between exchange rate, inflation and growth in such a complexity.

Landsat-Based Monitoring of Mangrove Blue Carbon Supporting Industry 5.0 in Gresik Coastal Area Achmad Dadang Burhanuddin; Nur Islakhun Nisa'; Masruhin Masruhin; Riyan Riyadlun Najih
International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research Vol. 7 No. 7 (2026): International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Rese
Publisher : Future Science / FSH-PH Publications

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/ijmaber.07.07.30

Mangrove ecosystems play a crucial role as blue carbon reservoirs while providing ecological services that support the sustainability of coastal environments. However, rapid industrial development in coastal areas has increased pressure on mangrove ecosystems, highlighting the need for efficient and data-driven environmental monitoring. This study aimed to estimate mangrove blue carbon potential using Landsat 8/9 satellite imagery and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to support the implementation of Industry 5.0 in coastal industrial areas of Gresik Regency, Indonesia. Spatial analysis was conducted using QGIS through NDVI calculation, land cover classification, and above-ground biomass (AGB) estimation based on an NDVI-derived allometric equation. Three industrial zones (Industry A, Industry B, and Industry C) were analyzed as representative study areas. The results showed that Industry C had the largest mangrove cover (26.30%), followed by Industry B (14.10%) and Industry A (8.77%). Nevertheless, Industry A exhibited the highest NDVI value (0.41) and the greatest estimated blue carbon stock (60.31 tC), followed by Industry C (54.21 tC) and Industry B (33.08 tC). The integration of remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provides an effective, low-cost, and repeatable approach for periodic mangrove monitoring. Furthermore, the resulting spatial information has significant potential to support environmental management, mangrove rehabilitation, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) reporting, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) evaluation, and digital environmental monitoring systems aligned with the principles of Industry 5.0.

Community Satisfaction with Zamboanga City Jail Services: Toward a Trust Rating Index Laiza Jane L Polingga-Villa; Erizha Mae Aznar; Ezrha Joy F Noceda; Jay Rim Villa
International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research Vol. 6 No. 4 (2025): International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Rese
Publisher : Future Science / FSH-PH Publications

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/ijmaber.06.04.34

This study assesses the levels of trust, respect, and satisfaction among clients of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) in Zamboanga City Jail. As a vital institution within the Philippine correctional system, the BJMP plays a key role in upholding humane safekeeping and rehabilitation. Understanding client perceptions within this facility provides valuable insights into the effectiveness and quality of jail management and service delivery. Rooted in the constitutional principle that “public office is a public trust,” the research addresses a critical gap in empirical data on public perception of jail institutions. Using a descriptive research design, the study surveyed 300 respondents—persons deprived of liberty (PDL), their family members, and service providers—selected through purposive sampling. A validated questionnaire measured perceptions of trust, respect, and service satisfaction. Findings revealed a consistently high level of trust (overall trust index of 97%) and satisfaction across all groups, with mean scores above 5.70 on a six-point scale, indicating a "Very High" verbal interpretation. One-Way ANOVA results showed no significant differences among the groups’ responses (p = 0.42), suggesting equitable service perception across stakeholders. These outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness of BJMP’s rehabilitation programs and the strong institutional culture of transparency, professionalism, and mutual respect. The study concludes that high trust and satisfaction levels are key indicators of institutional performance and public confidence. It recommends institutionalizing a Trust Rating Index, enhancing communication strategies, and fostering research collaborations to further professionalize BJMP services and strengthen stakeholder engagement in correctional reform.

Knowledge and Attitude of Public Administration Students Towards Sustainable Development Goals in Puerto Princesa City, Philippines Louella Martina B. Era
International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research Vol. 7 No. 8 (2026): International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Rese
Publisher : Future Science / FSH-PH Publications

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/ijmaber.07.08.01

This study investigates the knowledge and attitudes of Public Administration students regarding the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), focusing on their understanding of key concepts and their disposition toward embracing sustainability principles—attributes essential for their future roles as public administrators. A quantitative descriptive research design was employed at a state university in the Philippines. The respondents were selected through purposive and convenience sampling, comprising 194 students across all year levels enrolled in the first semester of the academic year 2024–2025. Data were gathered using a structured questionnaire distributed via Google Forms. Aligned with the research objectives, frequency and percentage were used to assess the students’ knowledge of the SDGs, while a five-point Likert scale, mean, and standard deviation were utilized to examine their attitudes toward these goals. Results revealed that most students possess strong knowledge of the SDGs, particularly in environmental protection, economic growth, and social equity. However, limited awareness of the 2030 target year indicates a need for further educational reinforcement. Attitude assessments showed positive perceptions of sustainability, emphasizing gender equality, environmental consciousness, and integrating sustainable practices in governance and education. The study concludes that while Public Administration students demonstrate commendable knowledge and favorable attitudes toward sustainability, universities should further integrate SDG-related content into their curricula and promote experiential learning through community engagement and advocacy initiatives to strengthen students’ preparedness for sustainable public governance.

Design and Development of a Compact LED-Based Double-Sided PCB Exposure Unit for Instructional Applications Remen R. Robles
International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research Vol. 7 No. 8 (2026): International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Rese
Publisher : Future Science / FSH-PH Publications

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/ijmaber.07.08.02

This paper was intended to design, develop, and test a single-sided and double-sided printed circuit board (PCB) double-sided exposure unit involving LED to be used in teaching electronics at electronics laboratories. To achieve its study, the research used a Research and Development (R&D) methodology with the ADDIE model that consists of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The device was constructed during the development phase using local materials and an integrated control board comprising of regulated power supply, timer board, each panel of LED, and an alignment system to process a double-sided PCB. Performance testing was done to identify some of the operational parameters, which include DC voltage output, current output, PCB exposure time, development time and etching time. The first trial of optimization showed that with exposure time of 20 seconds, clear and well-defined patterns of the circuit were obtained without affecting quality. The acceptability was measured using a structured evaluation tool that was based on ISO/IEC 9126 standard of quality in electronic engineering to the members of electronics faculty, as well as, students at the Bulacan State University - Main and Bustos campuses. Evaluations made on the device are on the aspects of functionality, reliability, usability, maintainability, portability, operability, and safety. The findings revealed that there was an overall rating all criteria of high ratings that were marked as very acceptable with the computed grand mean of 4.78, representing high satisfaction and an instruction based appropriateness.

Design and Development of an Automated Monitoring System for Class Schedules and Student Attendance in Higher Education Teresita G. Dela Cruz
International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research Vol. 7 No. 8 (2026): International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Rese
Publisher : Future Science / FSH-PH Publications

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/ijmaber.07.08.03

Information and communication technology has also greatly enhanced administration in academics especially in keeping track of the time of classes and attendance of students. Nonetheless, several higher education institutions continue to use manual and traditional approaches, which are time-consuming and inefficient for managing and monitoring attendance records. This paper set out to design and develop an automated system of monitoring schedules and attendance of students based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. The system was created on the basis of the Rapid Application Development (RAD) model, which focuses on the iterative design, rapid prototyping and constant user feedback. The mixed-methods design was used which relied on descriptive-survey design to evaluate and analyze the current system as well as analyze the developed solution. The major features of the system include classroom status monitoring, classroom management based on the Create, Read, Update, and Delete (CRUD) operations, RFID-based attendance tracking, and real-time reporting. It also consists of role-based access control in order to provide system security and data integrity. The developed system was tested with ISO/IEC 25010 Software Quality Model in the context of functional appropriateness, dependability, protection, ease of use, and efficiency of performance. The results of the summary of the answers gave the overall mean of 4.88 which is considered to be excellent. Security received the most rating (4.94), then performance efficiency (4.93) and usability (4.92) meaning that the system is secure, efficient and easy to use.

Development and Initial Validation of the Benedictine Leadership Questionnaire Alvin Nieva; Noel Santander; Annabel Quilon
International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research Vol. 7 No. 8 (2026): International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Rese
Publisher : Future Science / FSH-PH Publications

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/ijmaber.07.08.26

This study addresses the critical gap in spiritual leadership literature by focusing on the development and validation of the Benedictine Leadership Questionnaire (BLQ). While modern leadership often emphasizes corporate strategy, ancient spiritual traditions like the Rule of St. Benedict offer timeless frameworks centered on humility, stewardship, and community. Despite the theoretical potential of these values, empirical research has lacked a standardized tool to quantify them. Using a cross-sectional, descriptive quantitative design, this research aimed to establish a scientifically rigorous measure of Benedictine leadership. Data were gathered from 244 participants at a Catholic university in Manila. The development and validation process began with a deductive approach to item generation, resulting in an initial 108-item pool that underwent expert content analysis for clarity and relevance. The psychometric properties of the scale were evaluated through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using Principal Axis Factoring and Oblimin rotation. The results supported a refined 54-item instrument structured into five distinct dimensions: The Visionary, The Empowerer, The Culture-Builder, The Humble Leader, and The Problem-Solver. This five-factor solution demonstrated exceptional internal consistency, with reliability coefficients (Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega) ranging from 0.93 to 0.97. The findings confirm that the BLQ is a valid and reliable tool for assessing leadership that integrates strategic vision with ethical, person-centered engagement. This study provides the first formal psychometric instrument to bridge ancient monastic values with modern organizational practice, offering a robust foundation for future leadership assessment and research.

The Relationship Between Consumer Price Index and Poverty Levels in the Philippines Alvin S. Catahan; Kent Daniel D. Carpio; Kenneth Clark P. Cruz; Kyle Vincent A. Melliza; Trisha Kyle C. Balot
International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research Vol. 7 No. 8 (2026): International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Rese
Publisher : Future Science / FSH-PH Publications

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/ijmaber.07.08.11

Analyzing the effects of Consumer Price Index (CPI) on levels of poverty in the Philippines gives insight into the economic situation of households. Changes in the CPI leads to changes in the general purchasing power of persons in the economy. This study analyzes the impact of changes in the CPI on levels of poverty in the Philippines. Due to unavailability of poverty data, this study utilizes Auto-regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) using RStudio to estimate and interpolate data gaps and perform temporal trend analysis. This study found that the increases in the CPI are associated with a decrease in poverty level suggesting that certain economic conditions linked with rising prices, such as increased economic activity or income adjustments, may contribute to poverty reduction. There is an inverse relationship between inflation and poverty. This study finds that the changes in the CPI directly impacts low income households in most cases.

Critical Thinking Disposition, Critical Thinking Skills, and Academic Performance of Prospective Social Studies Teachers: A Mediation Analysis Michelle M. Del Rosario; Agnes S. Tuazon
International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research Vol. 7 No. 8 (2026): International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Rese
Publisher : Future Science / FSH-PH Publications

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/ijmaber.07.08.04

Critical thinking is necessary among prospective social studies teachers so they can cultivate similar ability among their students. The critical thinking disposition motivates individuals to use their critical thinking skills, enabling them to make reasoned decisions or achieve outcomes. However, the influence of critical thinking disposition and skills on academic performance remains underexplored, particularly in Social Studies. Determining the critical thinking levels of prospective teachers and their academic performance is imperative to provide insights into the status of critical thinking among them. How they leverage the ability to achieve academic success indicates the application and development of critical thinking in the Social Studies program. Using a quantitative explanatory design, this study examined the effect of critical thinking disposition on the academic performance of prospective Social Studies teachers using critical thinking skills as a mediating variable. It employed total population sampling and involved 126 prospective Social Studies teachers enrolled at a comprehensive State University in the Philippines during the 1st Semester of AY 2025-2026. Adopted questionnaires on critical thinking disposition and skills were used as data collection tools. Frequency, mean, and standard deviation were used to describe academic performance, critical thinking disposition, and skills, while mediation analysis examined the relationships among variables. Findings revealed that Social Studies students demonstrate strong critical thinking disposition and skills, as well as above-average academic performance. It concluded that although critical thinking skill is inversely associated with students’ achievement, critical thinking disposition is a strong predictor of academic performance.

Macroeconomic Determinants of Unemployment in the Philippines: Evidence from 1996–2025 Michael Angelo V. Mortel; Shaine Russelle A. Aga; Clarissa Mae M. Roque; Emmanuel V. Labrador; Ma. Andrea Joyce S. Castro; Krezia May B. Navarro; Allen Grace M. Sarmiento
International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research Vol. 7 No. 8 (2026): International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Rese
Publisher : Future Science / FSH-PH Publications

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/ijmaber.07.08.05

Unemployment remains a major concern in the Philippines despite periods of sustained economic growth. This study examines the macroeconomic determinants of unemployment in the Philippines from 1996 to 2025 by analyzing the effects of GDP growth rate, inflation rate, trade openness, foreign direct investment (FDI) net inflows, population growth rate, and structural break variables representing the Global Financial Crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. Using annual time-series data, the study employs multiple linear regression through the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method to determine the relationships among macroeconomic variables and unemployment. Results indicate that population growth rate, trade openness, and the COVID-19 pandemic have significant positive effects on unemployment, while GDP growth rate, inflation rate, FDI net inflows, and the Global Financial Crisis show no significant effects. The findings suggest that unemployment in the Philippines is influenced more by structural conditions than by traditional macroeconomic relationships. Rapid population growth contributes to labor supply pressures, while trade openness creates varying employment outcomes across domestic industries. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted labor market conditions. The study highlights the importance of strengthening the economy’s capacity to absorb a growing workforce through employment-oriented policies and structural improvements.

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Froilan D. Mobo

Contact Email fd.mobo@pmma.edu.ph

Phone +6281331990313

Journal Mail Official editor@babmrjournal.org

Editorial Address Griya Shanta Eksekutif P470 Lowokwaru, Malang, Indonesia 65141

Location Kab. malang, Jawa timur INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

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Abstract

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Abstract

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Abstract

Contact Name
Froilan D. Mobo

Contact Email
fd.mobo@pmma.edu.ph

Phone
+6281331990313

Journal Mail Official
editor@babmrjournal.org

Editorial Address
Griya Shanta Eksekutif P470 Lowokwaru, Malang, Indonesia 65141

Location
Kab. malang,

Jawa timur

INDONESIA