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Journal of Applied Geology
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 25022822     EISSN : 25022822     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy Engineering Environmental Science
Journal of Applied Geology – JAG focuses on the applied geology and geosciences with its key objective particularly emphasis on application of basic geological knowledge for addressing environmental, engineering, and geo-hazards problems. The subject covers variety of topics including geodynamics, sedimentology and stratigraphy, volcanology, engineering geology, environmental geology, hydrogeology, geo-hazard and mitigation, mineral resources, energy resources, medical geology, geo-archaeology, as well as applied geophysics and geodesy.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Bumi dan Planet (semua kategori) - Geologi
Articles 180 Documents
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Comparison of Different Multispectral Images to Map Hydrothermal Alteration Zones in Kokap, Kulon Progo Bayu Raharja; Agung Setianto; Anastasia Dewi Titisari
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 6, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2833.932 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jag.60699

Abstract

Using remote sensing data for hydrothermal alteration mapping beside saving time and reducing  cost leads to increased accuracy. In this study, the result of multispectral remote sensing tehcniques has been compare for manifesting hydrothermal alteration in Kokap, Kulon Progo. Three multispectral images, including ASTER, Landsat 8, and Sentinel-2, were compared in order to find the highest overall accuracy using principle component analysis (PCA) and directed component analysis (DPC). Several subsets band combinations were used as PCA and DPC input to targeting the key mineral of alteration. Multispectral classification with the maximum likelihood algorithm was performed to map the alteration types based on training and testing data and followed by accuracy evaluation. Two alteration zones were succeeded to be mapped: argillic zone and propylitic zone. Results of these image classification techniques were compared with known alteration zones from previous study. DPC combination of band ratio images of 5:2 and 6:7 of Landsat 8 imagery yielded a classification accuracy of 56.4%, which was 5.05% and 10.13% higher than those of the ASTER and Sentinel-2 imagery. The used of DEM together with multispectral images was increase the accuracy of hydrothermal alteration mapping in the study area.
Fluid Inclusion Study of Epithermal Gold-Base Metal Mineralization System in the Shwebontha Prospect, Monywa Mining District, Central Myanmar Monywa Toe Naing Oo; Agung Harijoko; Lucas Donny Setijadji
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 6, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (7938.077 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jag.60924

Abstract

The Shwebontha Prospect area is one of prominent epithermal Au-Ag prospects in Monywa mining district, central Myanmar, characterized by the appearance of gold-bearing and base metal quartz veins with gold grade is around 3g/t -10.4g/t. The geology of the area consists of the volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of Upper Oligocene-Middle Miocene Magyigon Formation that served as the host rock of the ore mineralization. This research focused on fluid inclusion study is aimed to know the characteristics of hydrothermal fluids during ore mineralization as well as the possible paleo- depth and temperature of formation of gold-bearing and base metal quartz veins. The mineralization styles are gold-bearing brecciated quartz veins and chalcedonic quartz veins where sulfides are clustered as well as disseminated both in quartz gangue and volcanic host rocks. Those quartz veins include pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite and gold (electrum). Fluid inclusion microthermometry indicates that the ore mineralization is characterized by the values of homogenization temperature range from 158°C to 310°C and salinities range from 0.35 to 2.41wt.% NaCl equiv. This temperature is consistent with the formation temperature of 250°C to 270 °C and also their estimate paleo-depth of formation is between 440m and 640m respectively. Microthermometric data indicates that fluid mixing and dilution were significant processes during ore mineralization and evolution of hydrothermal fluids. Based on the petrography of fluid inclusion, microthermometric measurements and ore minerals assemblage as well as estimation of paleo-depth from the Shwebontha Prospect imply that forming in under shallow level epithermal environment
Petrography and Geochemistry of Metasedimentary Rocks from the Taku Schist in Kelantan, North-East Peninsular Malaysia. Muhammad Irman Khalif bin Ahmad Aminuddin; Nugroho Imam Setiawan; I Wayan Warmada; Kamar Shah Ariffin; Kotaro Yonezu
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 5, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (5089.195 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jag.61183

Abstract

The Taku Schist, which is located in the north-east Peninsular Malaysia, is characterized by its North-South oriented elongated body. It forms part of the Indonesian orogenic build-up that was generated via the convergence of the Sibumasu continental unit and Sukhothai Arc. Subsequent petrography analyses of the metasedimentary rocks sourced from the Taku Schist revealed that their formation was attributable to the metamorphism of greenschist into amphibolite facies, which could be observed near the Triassic and Cretaceous intrusions of the Kemahang Granite. The evolutionary process of the rocks could be linked with the interactions occurring between contact and regional metamorphisms. The resulting chemical classification upon their assessment disclosed that the metasedimentary rocks of Taku Schist were made up of greywacke and shale, grouped into the quartzose sedimentary provenance, and belonged to the Continental Island Arc (CIA). This information is required for the tectonic setting discrimination purpose. It is a reflection of the episodic contractions underwent by the Taku Schist, wherein they would lead to the Sibumasu sedimentary cover along with both an accretionary wedge and the genetically-correlated Bentong-Raub melange to different greenschist. Otherwise associated with amphibolite facies, the conditions and depths of the facies were determined according to their position in relation to the upper plate of the Sukhothai Arc.
Subsurface Geology and Hydrothermal Alteration of The “X” Geothermal Field, West Java: A Progress Report Peter Pratistha Utama; Pri Utami; Gayatri Indah Marliyani; Randy Wijaya Atmaja
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 6, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (9465.263 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jag.63302

Abstract

“X” geothermal field is one of the geothermal fields in West Java. PT. Y (Persero) developed it since 2014. The geothermal field has produced electricity, with installed capacity amounted to 55 MWe. The “X” geothermal system is vapor-dominated. The geothermal manifestations are located at approximately 2,100 m asl. The “X” field consists of three main upflow zones: Kawah Putih, Kawah Ciwidey, and Kawah Cibuni. This study analyzed the drill cuttings from 3 wells as the primary data with total depths ranging from 1,581 to 2,166 m with the well’s highest stable temperatures measured of ±230°C. The three wells selected for this research—Well A, Well B, and Well C—were analyzed to describe the rock properties and estimate the prospect areas of present-day geothermal exploration in the “X” geothermal field.The paper aims to understand better of the subsurface geology and its correlation to the dynamic processes (i.e., hydrothermal alteration) in the “X” geothermal field. The hydrothermal minerals are formed by near-neutral pH fluids and are characterized by quartz, calcite, clays (smectite, illite, chlorite), wairakite, epidote, and actinolite. Acidic fluids are evident by forming acidic hydrothermal mineral, e.g., anhydrite at various depths of the studied wells, particularly at Well C which is located around Sugihmukti-Urug area. Moreover, the previous studies by Reyes (1990), Layman and Soemarinda (2003), Rachmawati et al. (2016), Elfina (2017) on hydrothermal minerals, geothermal manifestation characteristics, fluid geochemistry, and conceptual model are adapted to improve the analysis and interpretation of this paper.
Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soil around Piyungan Landfill, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Mufid Muyassar; Wawan Budianta
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 6, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (530.069 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jag.65651

Abstract

One of the negative impacts of the landfill as solid waste disposal is soil contamination by heavy metals. This study assessed heavy metals impact, especially Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd, in the soil in Piyungan landfill, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The assessment was conducted by analyzing 15 soil samples from 25 cm depth in the study area, which was divided into three-zone. The study results showed that generally, the highest content of metals was found in zone II, which is located near or directly situated in a landfill site. The pollution index (PI) calculated showed in order Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn. The result also indicates that Cd has the highest pollution index and even the highest risk compared to Pb, Cu, and Zn. The eco-risk index (RI) calculation showed that the value was 29 to 70 demonstrating a low class. The result also indicates that the accumulation of heavy metals investigated in this study was normal, and that the ecological risk was relatively low.
Opak Fault Strand Delineation Using Merapi Slope Shifted Indicator Agus Sutiono; Bambang Prastistho; C. Prasetyadi C. Prasetyadi; Supartoyo Supartoyo
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 7, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jag.55276

Abstract

Abstract         After the Yogya earthquake occurred on May 27, 2006, the opinions of experts split into two groups regarding location of responsible fault to earthquake shacking; (1), First group argues that Opak Fault displacement caused the earthquake. Where fault line is commonly known runs along Opak River, striking from Parangtritis Beach to Prambanan. (2) Second group of experts stated at deferent opinion, that another fault displacement triggered the earthquake shock. Where is located  at the East side of the Opak River about 10 Km. On the other-hand, this paper proposes an idea to unravel Opak Fault position by understanding, that main active fault movement underlying Bantul region has  been influencing continuum mechanical process, onto  Merapi Sediments surface since the early periods of  continuing Merapi materials sedimentation. It should has been reflected to the surface landform at above the fault strand. Further, indicates to morphotectonic feature as an en echelon slope shifted alignment. Thus, it can be the way to assist in defining attribute of main fault (PDZ) areas by using its en echelon indicator of shifting slope alignment. This paper also presents the results of determining Opak fault line location by using Digital Elevation Model (DEM-NAS) to generate custom shading in approaching landform features. With a further doing specific landscapes observations over the entire of Young Merapi deposits. There are other challenges to alternate identification of buried basin faults fill, by doing carefully identifications in morphotectonic aspects over the entire South Slope Merapi flank. It traces from Kepurun village at about elevation 400 m towards Parangtritis at 25 m of elevation. Independent field morphotectonic data sets of such scarp, terraces, water springs alignment and active cracks are encountered in the vicinity of Merapi sediments slope shifted, particularly in Tirtomartani Jetis village Kalasan. Identification of such structures obtained from morphotectonic analysis results are regarded as reliable indicator of faults, which is efficiently can be found in field.Key word: Opak Fault, Morphotectonic, Slope Shifted, Delineation.
Engineering Geology of Diversion Tunnel Area at the Meninting Dam Construction, West Lombok, Province of West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia Yunie Wiyasri; Anastasia Dewi Titisari; Sia Pamela Dita; I Gde Budi Indrawan
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 7, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jag.57293

Abstract

The construction of Meninting Dam is undertaken to resolve the water needs in Meninting Watershed, West Lombok, Province of West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Therefore, creating a diversion tunnel is imperative to avert the river flow as the dam project commences. Also, engineering geology work on the soil and rocks, including the classification of physical and mechanical properties were conducted in the intended tunnel site. These considerations were necessary because of the unavailability of rock identification data using the GSI (Geological Strength Index) method which used to design the portal slopes as a significant factor in tunnel safety. The results show the proposed area for diversion tunnel construction to be in the lithology of the polymict breccia and the lapilli tuff units, and the soil conditions were included in the SM category (silty sand). The level of surface rock weathering was divided into 3 units, including: highly weathered residual soil lapilli tuff, and highly, as well as moderately weathered polymict breccias. Meanwhile, 4 units were identified on the rock cores (subsurface) comprising highly weathered residual soil of lapilli tuff, and highly, moderately, and slightly weathered polymict breccias. Based on GSI (Geological Strength Index) of rock and surface data from the area of study, the rock quality was grouped as poor (GSI values: 21-40) to very poor (GSI values: 0-20). However, drilling data classified the mass quality subsurface rocks in fair (GSI values 41-55), poor (GSI values: 21-40), particularly in tunnels, and very poor (GSI values 0-20). Therefore, the rock mass quality is possibly used to design the slope of the tunnel portal as 45⁰-55⁰, in order to ensure safety.
Stability Evaluation of Diversion Tunnel Portal Slopes at Lau Simeme Dam Site, Indonesia, using Limit Equilibrium Method Nurul Huda; I Gde Budi Indrawan; Wahyu Wilopo
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 7, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jag.58069

Abstract

Construction of the Lau Simeme Dam used a tunnel as a diversion channel. Slopes at the diversion tunnel portals were prone to failure due to the tunnel excavation and earthquake. Earthquake load was not considered in the designs of the inlet and outlet portal slopes. This research evaluated stability of the tunnel portal slopes under static and earthquake loads using limit equilibrium methods of the Bishop Simplified and Morgenstern-Price. Input material properties for the slope stability analyses were obtained from evaluations of soil and rock cores, including determination of lithology type and rock mass quality based on Geology Strength Index (GSI), and laboratory testing. Evaluations of soil and rock cores indicated that the inlet portal slope consisted of residual soil, good quality tuff breccia, and good quality sandstone. The outlet portal slope consisted of residual soil, poor quality sandstone, poor quality tuff breccia, fair quality sandstone, fair quality tuff breccia, and good quality tuff breccia. The earthquake load coefficient determined by the seismic analyses based on the peak ground acceleration map for 10% probability exceedance in 50 year was 0.125 g. The slope stability analyses showed that the designed inlet and outlet portal slopes were stable under static and earthquake loads. The Bishop Simplified and Morgenstern-Price resulted in relatively similar Fs values. The Fs values of the inlet and outlet portal slopes decreased with the earthquake load application. Although Fs values of the outlet slope under static and earthquake loads met the requirements specified by SNI 8460:2017, the rock mass conditions, particularly the poor rock masses of layers 2 and 3, required special attention. Application of slope reinforcement methods, such as shotcrete, is suggested to further increase the slope stability.
Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability and Total Organic Carbon in the Shallow Groundwater of Wonosari City, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Soutsadachan Chandalsouk; Doni Prakasa Eka Putra; Wahyu Wilopo
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 7, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jag.68007

Abstract

Wonosari city is the capital of Gunung Kidul regency of Yogyakarta Special Province. The city is located in the karst plateau overlaying a succesion of limestone lithologies. The groundwater on this city is shallow and people used this groundwater as their daily water supply. This study aims to determine the intrinsic groundwater vulnerability and to identify the TOC level in groundwater also to investigate the relationship between groundwater vulnerability and TOC levels in the groundwater. Field observation was conducted on 40 groundwater occurrences (dug wells, bore wells and springs) to investigate the aquifer types, overlying lithology and depth to groundwater. At the same time, 16 groundwater samples were taken from the dug wells and analyse for the TOC content. Secondary data was also collected from previous researches especially the information of sub-surface lithology. Groundwater vulnerability was evaluate by using GOD method and correlation between groundwater vulnerability and TOC in groundwater was analyzed spatially and statistically by using map pverlaying, linear regression and Spearman’s rho test, respectively. The results showed that the groundwater vulnerability in the city is dominated by extreme and high vulnerability, covers about 84 % of study area. The TOC level in the groundwater ranges between  4.532 mg/L to 6.849 mg/L which showing a process of pollution loading may occur. Linear regression and Spearman’s rho value show that the TOC levels and  groundwater vulnerability has a moderate positive correlation with r2 value of about 0.324 for linear regression. Despite the moderate correlation, the research prove that the groundwater vulnerability map reveals on this study is good enough to represent the ability of natural condition in protecting the groundwater quality.
Numerical Analyses of Tunnel Outlet Slope at Leuwikeris Dam, West Java, Indonesia Sunardi Sunardi; I Gde Budi Indrawan; Ardian Baroto Murti
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 7, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jag.69701

Abstract

The excavated slope of the diversion tunnel outlet at the Leuwikeris Dam was designed based on core test data and the Circular Failure Chart (CFC) method. Stability of the excavated slope under static and seismic loads has not been verified using a different method. The objective of this research was to evaluate performance of the excavated slope under static and seismic loads using the finite element method (FEM).  Stability analyses of the natural slope were also carried out to assess the improved stability of the slope after excavation. Geological mapping, examinations of drill cores and borehole logs, and laboratory tests were conducted to characterise the soils and rocks comprising the tunnel outlet slope. The rock masses were characterised using the Geological Strength Index (GSI) for the input parameters of the Generalised Hoek-Brown criterion. The slope stability analyses under static and seismic loads were performed using the finite element-based computer package RS2. The results show that the diversion tunnel construction site consists of residual soil and very poor to fair quality andesite breccia rock and tuff breccia with thin claystone intercalation. The groundwater table was located approximately 40 m below the ground surface. In general, the seismic load reduced stability of the slopes. The critical strength reduction factor (SRF) values of the natural portal slope, which had 40º inclination, were 3.6 and 1.45 under static and seimic loads, respectively. Meanwhile, the SRF values of the excavated slope, which had seven benches and 55 to 74º inclinations, were 3.83 and 1.78 under static and seismic loads, respectively. The natural and excavated slopes were considered stable under static and seismic loads and met the stability criteria specified by the National Standardization Agency (2017). The slope design increased the slope FS values by 6% and 20% under static and seismic loads, respectively.

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