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Journal of Applied Geology
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 25022822     EISSN : 25022822     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy Engineering Environmental Science
Journal of Applied Geology – JAG focuses on the applied geology and geosciences with its key objective particularly emphasis on application of basic geological knowledge for addressing environmental, engineering, and geo-hazards problems. The subject covers variety of topics including geodynamics, sedimentology and stratigraphy, volcanology, engineering geology, environmental geology, hydrogeology, geo-hazard and mitigation, mineral resources, energy resources, medical geology, geo-archaeology, as well as applied geophysics and geodesy.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Bumi dan Planet (semua kategori) - Geologi
Articles 180 Documents
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Geological Investigation of Clay Minerals (Swelling) Pt. Upb Antam Pongkor Bogor, West Java, Indonesia Gevor, Even; Indrawan, I Gde Budi; Warmada, I Wayan
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 9, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jag.97600

Abstract

Rocks containing clay minerals can experience rock deformation when interacting with water, this can also caused by the argillic zone, in the underground tunnel at the Unfoloader 600 and Xc 600 loop 2 ciurug. The argillic process that causes actual material swelling that occurs in field causes rock mass around the mining development area to become weak. The location from tunnel cross cut of Unfoloader 600 and Xc 600 loop 2 contain active clay minerals which high percentage composition of swelling mineral material. The Unfoloader 600 location has a mineral swelling composition of 102.94% with 24 hours, justifying potential very high swelling. The minerals present based on XRD testing 70.8% illite, 25.4% kaolinite, 25.4% kaolinite and 3.8% montmorillonite. Location Xc 600 loop 2 has a mineral swelling composition of 131.25% with 24 hours, justifying potential for very high swelling. The minerals present based on XRD testing illite 49.7%, kaolinite 28.7%, quartz 20.3%, and montmorillonite 1.2%. The values obtained based on laboratory form free swelling tests and XRD that the location experienced of rock deformation, it’s swelling in the mining development area.
Identification of Paleovolcanic Centers in the Bima District, East Sumbawa Island (Indonesia) as Guidance for Future Exploration of Cu-Au Deposits Habib, Juhair Al; Setijadji, Lucas Donny; Maryono, Adi; Rompo, Iryanto
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 9, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jag.98713

Abstract

The formation of Cu-Au mineralization, such as porphyry and epithermal deposits, is strongly associated with volcanic processes in specific tectonic settings, such as subduction zones. The identification of the presence of ancient volcanoes is one of the important steps to finding mineral deposits. This study aims to identify the presence of ancient volcanoes in the Bima District, eastern part of Sumbawa Island, as a step toward determining the potential indication of Cu-Au mineralization. The methods used in this research consist of a literature study, image analysis and remote sensing, field survey and data collection, and petrographic analysis. Image analysis using DEMNAS (Digital Elevation Model), including texture and pattern analysis using the concept of volcanic anatomy, aims to identify the remaining forms of ancient volcanoes. Field surveys and data collection include volcano geomorphology, lithology and sampling, and also geological structures. Petrographic analysis is conducted to qualitatively characterize the texture, structure, and mineralogy of volcanic rocks. The identification results show that there are at least ten volcanoes (crown) identified through image analysis, namely Doro Mbangga, Doro Baku, Doro Donggo Masa, Doro Rompo, Doro Sape, Doro Kowo, Doro Jia, Doro Sambori, Doro Mangge, and Doro Lambu. Each of these volcanoes has one or more eruption center (hummock). The eruption center identified in the central, proximal, to distal facies of the volcano, even superimposing one volcano product with another, and spread around 80-90% in the study area. The volcanic facies in the study area are characterized by the central part being composed of lithologies such as intrusive rocks, lava, and diatreme breccia, while the proximal and distal facies are composed of breccia, volcanic breccia, and tuff.  Hydrothermal alteration zones are identified in the central and proximal facies of the volcano. These alterations were associated with the presence of eruption centers, where the abundance of eruption centers means that hydrothermal alterations are particularly well developed and pervasively formed. Identified argillic and advanced argillic alteration associated with stockworks forming a lithocap environment. In addition, the presence of intrusive rocks such as diorite and dacite with chloritic and sericitic alteration in the central facies of Doro Baku can be associated with the presence of deposits such as porphyry and epithermal, so the identification of ancient volcanic eruption centers in the Bima district has implications for the potential discovery of Cu-Au mineralization, such as porphyry and epithermal deposits.
Significance Of Differences From Sumatera, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi Coal Based On Cluster Analysis And Statistics Rachman, Rizki Satria; Hidayat, Rahmat; Rahmat, Soleh Basuki; Wibisono, Sigit Arso
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 9, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jag.95095

Abstract

Indonesia has a complex geological structure with coal potential dominated by 3 main islands, Sumatra (SMS), Kalimantan (KS), and Sulawesi (SLS). However, the characteristics of coal on these three islands are not explained further. Therefore, this research is intended to see the significant differences in coal on Sumatra, Kalimantan and Sulawesi in terms of their characteristics. The research methods carried out include literature study, field activities, laboratory analysis including proximate analysis (total moisture, moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon), total sulfur, calories, specific gravity, HGI, ultimate analysis (C, H, N, O, S), and coal ash analysis, as well as data processing using cluster analysis and principle component analysis (PCA). Result, 55 coal samples were obtained on these three islands which were divided into 9 main clusters with 50% similarity. Kalimantan Island has coal with an increase in TiO2, Al2O3, Na2O oxides with carbon and nitrogen elements. Sumatra Island has coal with increased TM, M, MnO, CaO, MgO, Fe2O3, and SO3 and a slight influence of HGI, TS. Meanwhile, Sulawesi Island has coal with complex parameters and an increase in calorific value. It is interpreted that the differences in coal characteristics are influenced by the different geological settings of these three islands in the past until resen.
Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics of Clays at Godean Hills, Yogyakarta – Indonesia (A Study Case at Gunung Patuk and Gunung Wungkal) Yoellanice, Diory; Titisari, Anastasia Dewi; Setiawan, Nugroho Imam
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 9, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jag.95164

Abstract

Gunung Patuk and Gunung Wungkal are part of the Godean Hills in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The Godean Hills are isolated hills consisting of a series of hills surrounded by the Young Merapi Volcanics Deposits. A previous study reported that Gunung Patuk and Gunung Wungkal are porphyry andesite – micro diorite intrusions. Both hills are igneous rock intrusion and are found almost perfect soil profiles from the source/parent rock to the A horizon. However, another previous study suggests that at Gunung Wungkal has occurred hydrothermal alteration process. There is still a debate over the genesis of clay in that area, therefore this research needs to be carried out to provide a comprehensive understanding of mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the clays at that area. The results of petrographic identification on the source/parent rock sample indicate that the rock sample is classified as andesite rock. Meanwhile, the results of mineralogy identification using the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) method show that almost all types of soil profiles contain illite, kaolinite, and smectite. The calculation results of CIW (Chemical Index Weathering) and CIA (Chemical Index Alteration) values based on geochemical data show that CIW and CIA values increase steadily as they approach the ground surface. Based on the presence of illite (indicates a product relating to the relatively high temperatures) in horizon A with high values of CIW and CIA, therefore it can be interpreted that clay minerals at Gunung Patuk and Gunung Wungkal were the product of superimpose of hydrothermal alteration and weathering processes.
Engineering Geological Characteristics of Construction Area of Section 5 Yogyakarta-Bawen Toll Road, Magelang, Indonesia Abrar, Mifthahul; Tamado, Daniel; Indrawan, I Gde Budi
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 9, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jag.95271

Abstract

This paper presents the results of engineering geological mapping conducted in Losari (Central Java), where the Section 5 of the Yogyakarta-Bawen toll road and tunnel will be constructed. This research aimed to evaluate the characteristics of the geomorphology, lithology, and geological structure for assessment of potential geological hazards during and after the toll road and tunnel constructions. This research was conducted by collecting geomorphological and geological data by surface mapping and surface rock engineering properties by laboratory testing, which were not done in the previous site investigation. The surface mapping results show that the study area is at the geomorphological units of steep and gentle slope volcanic hills. The study area consists dominantly of tuff and tuff breccia units. At the surface, the rocks are extremely weathered. The geological structures controlling the study area are extension joints with northwest-southeast and northeast-southwest orientation, consistent with the morphological alignment. Although the study area consists dominantly of hilly morphology and extremely weathered rocks, landslides are rarely observed. This may be attributed to the land use and relatively high friction angle of the soils resulted from weathering of pyroclastic rocks comprising this area. The soils may, however, be susceptible to remoulding. Therefore, cut slopes made for road and tunnel constructions are suggested to be designed to prevent change in the soil state.
Seawater Intrusion Assessment based on Geological, Hydrogeological, Cl/Br vs Cl Graphical Analysis, Recharge Area, and Groundwater Usage in Makassar Coastal Area, South Sulawesi, Indonesia Nugroho, Sunu Ardhi; Wilopo, Wahyu; Lathif, Iqbal Fuady Ahmad; Taufiq, Ahmad
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 9, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jag.101429

Abstract

Seawater intrusion is a major concern in coastal urban areas like Makassar, where groundwater is a crucial water source. This study assesses seawater intrusion using multiple approaches, including geological and hydrogeological analysis, Cl/Br vs. Cl graphical analysis, recharge area land use, groundwater usage, and previous seawater intrusion vulnerability mapping. From 20 groundwater samples, five were categorized as brackish and then analyzed using these six perspectives. Geologically, two shallow wells in Mariso and Manggala contain brackish water due to trapped marine sediments, supported hydrogeologically by local groundwater flow patterns indicating past shallow seawater traps, while wells in Tallo show no such indications. Cl/Br vs. Cl graphical analysis classifies the shallow well in Tallo as Seawater, one in Manggala as Brine Basin, and three others as landfill leachate, suggesting anthropogenic contamination. Most groundwater recharge areas are residential and built-up, limiting infiltration and contributing to seawater intrusion. Groundwater usage is highest in Tallo, moderately high in Mariso and Manggala, and moderate in Ujung Pandang. Vulnerability mapping places the Tallo well in a high-risk zone, the Mariso well in a low-risk zone, and the Manggala well in a non-vulnerable area. Across these perspectives, only one sample in the Tallo District is confirmed to experience seawater intrusion.
Excavation Method of Rock Masses at the Matenggeng Dam, Indonesia Afandi, Valentino Ilham; Indrawan, I Gde Budi; Husein, Salahuddin
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 10, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jag.103735

Abstract

This paper presents the results of engineering geological investigations and determination of rock mass excavation methods in the main dam area of Matenggeng Dam. The study was carried out through engineering geological mapping, core drill evaluation and supported by laboratory test data. Classifications of rock masses were carried out based on the Geological Strength Index (GSI) and Rock Mass Rating (RMR) to analyze the excavation method. The results showed research area consisted of lithology in the form of andesite, intercalation sandstone - gravelly sandstone unit, intercalation sandstone - siltstone unit, and alluvium deposits. However, at the main dam area consists of lithology in the form of intercalation sandstone-siltstone unit and intercalation sandstone-gravelly sandstone unit. The rock masses at the main dam excavation line have a weathering degree from moderately to complately weathered. Intact rocks have Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) values ranging from 1-50 Mpa and are a category of extremly weak to moderate rocks. The rock mass of intercalation sandstone-siltstone with very poor to poor quality (GSI (0 - 58), RMR (8 - 45)), and intercalation sandstone-gravelly sandstone with poor to fair quality (GSI (20 - 59), RMR (20 - 68)). The recommended rock excavation method based on the EXCASS System is diggir, easy ripper, and hard ripper.
Improving Landslide Susceptibility Using Groundwater Parameter in Samigaluh and Kalibawang Subdistricts Susatio, Raja; Sartohadi, Junun; Samodra, Guruh; Setiawan, Muhammad Anggri; Wilopo, Wahyu
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 10, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jag.106054

Abstract

Landslide susceptibility map is crucial in disaster risk management and it can be used for regional development plans. Landslide susceptibility map can be made by analyzing parameters that are assumed to affect landslides such as gradient slopes, geology, soil, and climate. Selection of landslide controlling parameters influences the accuracy of landslide susceptibility map. This study evaluates the effect of parameter that’s rarely used which is groundwater. The study area of this research was Kalibawang and Samigaluh Subdistricts, Kulonprogo, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Frequency ratio was used for the method along other parameters which is slope gradient, lithology, lineament density, land use, soil thickness. The result shows that groundwater parameter increase the accuracy by 22,29%. This study suggest that groundwater should be highly considered in landslide susceptibility mapping. In the other hand, groundwater depth mapping remains a challenge because most remote sensing method only detect shallow groundwater. Further research is necessary to develop better method for groundwater mapping using remote sensing or other indirect method.
Evaluation of Reservoir Characteristics of Wells X, Y, Z in the Pliocene Interval of the Tarakan Sub-Basin, Tarakan Basin, North Kalimantan Hendardi, Rizaldi Primanda; Hidajat, Wahju Krisna; Setyawan, Reddy; Kurniasih, Anis; Qadaryati, Nurakhmi; Khorniawan, Wahyu Budhi; Dalimunte, Hasnan Luthfi; Ringga, Anita Galih
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 9, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jag.86053

Abstract

The Tarakan Basin is one of the basins that has been producing hydrocarbons since 1901, with nine active oil fields to this day. The exploration of oil and gas in the Tarakan Basin has been ongoing for a considerable amount of time and can be considered as the oldest exploration in Indonesia that continues due to its estimated economically viable reserves based on its geological conditions. Research on the evaluation of reservoir characteristics in the Tarakan Sub-Basin with a Pliocene age interval aims to determine the subsurface lithology and fluid conditions qualitatively and the quantitative characteristics of the reservoir rocks. This study utilizes quantitative petrophysical analysis using a deterministic method with primary data consisting of wireline log data, as well as secondary data including core data, mud logs, biostratigraphy data, drill stem test data, and sidewall core data. Based on the analysis results, the petrophysical properties of the target reservoir in the study area include an average shale volume (VSH) of 16.65% - 29.31%, average effective porosity (PHIE) of 11.80% - 27.09%, which falls into the categories of fair to excellent quality, hydrocarbon saturation ranging from 7.68% - 43.03%, an average permeability value (PERM) of 10.03 mD - 613.29 mD, falling into the categories of good to very good, and a net pay thickness ranging from 4 feet to 16.7 feet, with a total thickness of 67.4 feet containing oil and gas fluids.
Unsupervised Machine Learning for Determining Exploration Areas of Valuable Elements and Potential Toxicology Elements: A Case Study of the Bowen Basin Coal, Australia Addintamma, Fajri Zakka; Amaranggana, Adzani Nareswari; Kusuma, Anindya Ayu; Aviliana, Aviliana; Solikh, Mochammad Wildanun; Patria, Aulia Agus; Anggara, Ferian
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 10, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jag.104595

Abstract

Global coal production and demand have increased anually. In addition to its potential as an alternative source of critical elements, coal also has environmental risks through toxicology elements. Australia is the world’s second-largest producer of rare earth elements (REEs) and critical elements, making coal exploration a key focus of the country’s mining strategy. An unsupervised Machine learning algorithm was applied to 56 coal samples from three pits in Bowen Basin, e.g., Blake Central Pit, Blake West Pit, and Bowen No. 2 Pit, to correlate trace elements with the geochemical characteristics of coal, such as proximate and major oxides. Blake West Pit is enriched in Ba, Br, and Sr, which associated with inherent moisture and phosphor (P), extending SE-trend. Blake Central Pit and Blake West Pit are enriched in Hf, Mo, Ta, Th, Y, and REY, which are associated with ash and major elements such as Si, Al, Ti, and K, with a trend of potential exploration towards N-NW. However, both pits show the risk of contamination from the toxic element Zn, which is associated with volatile matter, and major elements e.g., Fe, Mg, and Mn, with a trend of distribution towards S-SW. Based on the correlation analysis and regional geology, trace element enrichment in Bowen Basin is controlled by two main factors: 1) the transgressive phase during Early-Late Permian, which enriched inherent moisture, P, Ba, Br, and Sr, and 2) volcanic activity during Early Permian, which enriched silicate minerals and elements such as Hf, Ta, Th, W, and REY. Unsupervised machine learning has proven effective for preliminary coal characterization to support further exploration.

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