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MAKILA: Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan
Published by Universitas Pattimura
ISSN : 19784996     EISSN : 27467155     DOI : https://doi.org/10.30598/makila.v14i2
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences Environmental Science
Jurusan Kehutanan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Pattimura. Jl. Ir. M. Putuhena Kampus Poka Ambon 97233 Tlp. (0911) 322499; Fax (0911) 322498 makilajournal@gmail.com
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Kehutanan
Articles 149 Documents
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Pengembangan Biopelet Berbasis Limbah Gagang Cengkih (Syzygium Aromaticum) dan Cangkang Kenari (Canarium Indicum) dengan Perekat Pati Singkong Sebagai Energi Alternatif Lasti Patresia Hutabarat; Lydia R. Parera; Sofia Mustamu
MAKILA Vol 20 No 1 (2026): Makila : Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan
Publisher : Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/makila.v20i1.23912

Abstract

Indonesia faces a serious challenge in meeting its national energy demand due to its heavy reliance on fossil fuels, which are non-renewable and have negative environmental impacts. Numerous studies have explored the utilization of biomass waste; however, the use of walnut shells and clove stems as raw materials, as well as variations in binder concentration, remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the potential of these agricultural wastes as environmentally friendly and sustainable raw materials for bio-pellet production. The research employed an experimental method using a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), combining five variations of material composition (clove stems and walnut shells) and two levels of cassava starch binder concentration (7% and 9%), resulting in 10 treatment combinations with two replications. The parameters observed included moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and calorific value. The results showed that the combination of 50% clove stems and 50% walnut shells with 9% binder produced the best quality, characterized by low moisture content (7.63%), high fixed carbon (15.68%), and the highest calorific value of 4717.18 cal/g. Statistical analysis indicated that the treatments had a highly significant effect on all observed parameters. This study demonstrates the strong potential of these wastes as renewable energy sources and supports energy diversification and agricultural waste reduction programs in Indonesia.
Peningkatan Kapasitas Kelompok Perhutanan Sosial Pascaperizinan HKm: Studi pada KTH Ake Guraci dan KTH Lestari Hutan Togafo Meylinda Y Hanafi; Ramli Hadun; Andy Kurniawan; Adnan Sofyan; Buhari Umasugi; Aisjah Rachmawaty Ryadin
MAKILA Vol 20 No 1 (2026): Makila : Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan
Publisher : Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/makila.v20i1.24484

Abstract

Social forestry is a national policy instrument intended to improve community welfare while maintaining forest sustainability. However, the success of social forestry is shaped not only by the issuance of permits, but also by the post-permit capacity of farmer groups to manage institutions, enterprises, and forest areas. This study aims to analyze the institutional capacity of KTH Ake Guraci and KTH Lestari Hutan Togafo after obtaining Community Forestry (HKm) permits and to formulate strategies to strengthen their capacity. The study was conducted in the working area of the Ternate-Tidore Forest Management Unit using a descriptive approach with qualitative and quantitative data. SWOT analysis was applied through IFAS, EFAS, Internal-External (IE), and SWOT matrices. The results show that both groups are in the medium internal and external categories. KTH Ake Guraci recorded an IFAS score of 2.29 and an EFAS score of 2.26, while KTH Lestari Hutan Togafo recorded an IFAS score of 2.39 and an EFAS score of 2.35. Both groups occupy cell V of the IE matrix and quadrant I of the SWOT matrix, indicating that aggressive growth-oriented strategies remain feasible. Capacity strengthening should therefore focus on institutional consolidation, NTFP-based enterprise development, human resource improvement, and stronger facilitation, partnerships, and market access in the post-permit phase.
Potensi Stok dan Kapasitas Mitigasi CO₂-e Ekosistem Mangrove di Pesisir Teluk Ambon Dalam, Kota Ambon Sadali IE; Alex S. W. Retraubun; Johannes M. S. Tetelepta; Charlotha I. Tupan; Rahman Rahman
MAKILA Vol 20 No 1 (2026): Makila : Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan
Publisher : Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/makila.v20i1.24767

Abstract

Mangrove ecosystems are important blue carbon reservoirs with high potential for climate change mitigation; however, site-specific assessments in semi-enclosed tropical bays, particularly in eastern Indonesia, remain limited. This study estimates the carbon stock and CO₂-e sequestration potential of mangrove ecosystems in Inner Ambon Bay. Field data were collected from four sites—Passo, Waiheru, Nania, and Negeri Lama—through measurements of stand structure, biomass, and sediment carbon to a depth of 100 cm. Biomass was estimated using species-specific allometric equations, while sediment carbon was analyzed based on bulk density and organic carbon content. The results show substantial spatial variation, with total carbon stocks ranging from 425.0 to 1,205.0 ton C/ha, highest in Passo and lowest in Negeri Lama. Sediment carbon dominated the total stock, contributing more than 75%, indicating the critical role of belowground pools in long-term carbon storage. The CO₂-e sequestration potential ranged from 1,560.1 to 4,418.1 ton CO₂-e/ha, reflecting strong mitigation capacity. This study provides one of the first integrated, site-specific assessments of aboveground, belowground, and sediment carbon stocks in a semi-enclosed tropical bay in eastern Indonesia, linking spatial variability to ecosystem-based CO₂-e mitigation capacity. These findings highlight the strategic importance of mangrove conservation for climate mitigation and support the development of blue carbon-based management and financing mechanisms.
Persepsi Masyarakat terhadap Jasa Lingkungan Berbasis Hutan pada Skema Perhutanan Sosial di Hutan Produksi: Studi Kasus Kalurahan Hargorejo, Kulon Progo Prasetyo Nugroho; Wiyono Wiyono; Silvi Nur Oktalina; Rochmad Hidayat; Probo Santoso; Jangkung Tri Atmojo; Eqia Masdya Yudhistira
MAKILA Vol 20 No 1 (2026): Makila : Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan
Publisher : Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/makila.v20i1.24771

Abstract

This study aims to identify community perceptions of forest-based ecosystem services (FbES) in a social forestry scheme located in a production forest in Hargorejo Village, Kokap Sub-district, Kulon Progo Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted using a door-to-door approach with accidental sampling of village residents aged over 18 years. A total of 296 valid responses were collected. Perceived ecosystem services were measured using a five-point Likert scale across 21 indicators grouped into provisioning services, regulating and supporting services, and cultural services. Descriptive quantitative analysis was applied using frequency and percentage summaries for respondent characteristics and mean scores for each ecosystem service indicator. Results show that the highest perceived provisioning services were firewood (mean 3.92; SD 0.97) and livestock fodder (mean 3.90; SD 0.94). For regulating and supporting services, local climate regulation (mean 4.02; standard deviation 0.91) and erosion control (mean 3.99; SD 0.91) received the highest scores. For cultural services, aesthetic value was the most strongly perceived benefit (mean 4.12; SD 0.73). Overall, the findings indicate that residents showed relatively high recognition of FbES that are directly experienced in daily livelihoods and local environmental conditions. These results can support the prioritization of management actions and community-based planning for social forestry in production forest contexts.
Mitigasi Dampak Perubahan Tutupan Lahan Terhadap Potensi Erosi dan Sedimentasi di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Pawan, Kalimantan Barat Senja Riani Perdanawati; Aji Ali Akbar; Erisa Ayu Waspadi Putri
MAKILA Vol 20 No 1 (2026): Makila : Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan
Publisher : Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/makila.v20i1.24796

Abstract

The increase of land conversion and anthropogenic pressures in the Pawan Watershed potentially reduce environmental quality and disrupt the hydrological balance of the region. This study aims to analyse the dynamics of land cover change, the potential for erosion and sedimentation in the Pawan Watershed, West Kalimantan, during the period 1990–2023 using Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis and the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) model. The results indicate a significant decrease in secondary forest area from 464,572.67 ha to 393,711.84 ha, accompanied by a 12.41-fold increase in plantation areas compared to their extent in 1990. These changes were primarily driven by the conversion of vegetated land into plantations, mining areas, and settlements. Erosion estimation using the USLE model revealed an increase in erosion rates from 656.38 tons/ha/year to 890.00 tons/ha/year, with sediment loads increasing by approximately 35.6%. These findings indicate intensify land degradation, sedimentation, and flood risk within the Pawan Watershed during the study period. The study highlights the importance of sustainable watershed management through forest rehabilitation, soil and water conservation, and adaptive land-use planning and control to maintain hydrological balance and ensure the sustainability of natural resources in the Pawan Watershed.
Estimasi Biomassa Karbon dan Serapan CO2 Ekuivalen Pohon Kemiri dan Kopi dalam Sistem Agroforestri di Kabupaten Buton La Ode Midi; Sahindomi Bana; Nabilah Al Fadiyah Wahid Ode; Laode Sabaruddin; La Gandri; La Ode Muhammad Erif; Ema Hermawati Garusu; Surya Cipta Ramadhan Kete
MAKILA Vol 20 No 1 (2026): Makila : Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan
Publisher : Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/makila.v20i1.24891

Abstract

Agroforestry is a land-use system with the potential to increase biomass, carbon stock, and estimated CO₂-equivalent sequestration, thereby contributing to climate change mitigation. This study aimed to estimate aboveground biomass, carbon stock, and CO₂-equivalent sequestration in a candlenut (Aleurites moluccanus)–coffee (Coffea canephora) agroforestry system in Kaongkeongkea Village, Pasarwajo District, Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. Field measurements were conducted from November to December 2024 using a non-destructive method by measuring diameter at breast height (DBH) in 11 plots measuring 20 m × 20 m, with a total sample area of 0.44 ha. Biomass was estimated using species-specific allometric equations, carbon stock was calculated using a carbon fraction of 47%, and CO₂-equivalent sequestration was estimated using a conversion factor of 3.67. The results showed that the agroforestry system was dominated by coffee, with a density of 215.91 trees ha⁻¹, while candlenut had a density of 113.64 trees ha⁻¹. The average biomass of candlenut reached 117.06 tons ha⁻¹, higher than that of coffee at 12.35 tons ha⁻¹. The carbon stock of candlenut was 55.02 tons C ha⁻¹, while coffee stored 5.81 tons C ha⁻¹. Meanwhile, CO₂-equivalent sequestration was 201.74 tons CO₂ ha⁻¹ for candlenut and 21.29 tons CO₂ ha⁻¹ for coffee. Across the 43 ha agroforestry area, total CO₂-equivalent sequestration was estimated at 9,589.97 tons CO₂. These findings indicate that candlenut contributes dominantly to carbon stock in the agroforestry system.
Analisis Kesesuaian Penawaran dan Permintaan Wisata Berbasis Kepuasan Pengunjung Di Arboretum Sylva Universitas Tanjungpura Sarma Siahaan; Hasan Ashari Oramahi; Silvia Uthari Nuzaverra Mayang Mangurai; Yunus Sudaryanti
MAKILA Vol 20 No 1 (2026): Makila : Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan
Publisher : Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/makila.v20i1.24975

Abstract

This study aims to measure the level of visitor satisfaction with tourism attributes (penawaran wisata) and analyze the alignment between importance levels and performance attributses of the Sylva Untan Arboretum. This study used purposive sampling techniques, conducting surveys and interviews with 74 respondents. The results show that the visitor satisfaction index (CSI) indicated a satisfaction score of 87.20% indicating high level of satisfaction. The importance performance analysis (IPA) identified three priority attributes that need improvement. They include road conditions for people with disabilities, the completeness of safety signs, and the availability of public transportation. Based the IPA matrix, characterized as an aggrissive strategy that prioritizes rapid improvement in facilities and services. The improvements in facilities and services are needed to balance penawaran wisata and permintaan pengunjung. These improvements of sustainable ecotourism and environmental conservation.
Pemetaan Tutupan dan Penggunaan Lahan Perkotaan Beresolusi Tinggi Menggunakan Fotogrametri Berbasis Drone untuk Mendukung Evaluasi Pemanfaatan Ruang Ivan Frits; Willem A Siahaya; Rafael Marthinus Osok
MAKILA Vol 20 No 1 (2026): Makila : Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan
Publisher : Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/makila.v20i1.25151

Abstract

Accurate and high-resolution land cover and land use (LCLU) data are essential for spatial utilization evaluation in urban areas. This study aimed to produce a detailed LCLU map of Masohi District using UAV-based photogrammetry and evaluate its geometric accuracy. UAV aerial photographs were processed through geometric correction and supervised classification using the Maximum Likelihood algorithm. Geometric accuracy was assessed using Independent Check Points (ICP), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Circular Error 90% (CE90). The classification identified 44 LCLU classes, with settlements and yards as the dominant land uses. The resulting map achieved a CE90 value of 11.604 cm, meeting national photogrammetric mapping standards. Overlay analysis showed strong spatial agreement between the classified map and UAV imagery. These findings demonstrate that UAV photogrammetry can provide accurate and high-resolution spatial data to support spatial utilization evaluation and urban planning in data-limited regions.
Economic Growth, Welfare, Sectoral Contributions, and Deforestation in West Kalimantan, Indonesia Akhmad Yani
MAKILA Vol 20 No 1 (2026): Makila : Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan
Publisher : Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/makila.v20i1.25218

Abstract

Regional economic dynamics are important for understanding deforestation because their linkage with forest loss reveals whether local development trajectories intensify land-conversion pressure or move toward a more forest-compatible pathway. This study examines the effects of economic growth, per capita GRDP, poverty, and agricultural and mining sector contributions on deforestation across regencies/cities in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, during 2015–2024. Beyond testing relationships between economic factors and forest loss, it provides an empirical foundation for regional development governance strategies aligned with forest protection. Using balanced panel data for 13 regencies/cities and 130 observations, the analysis applies panel data regression to capture interregional and intertemporal variation. Model selection identifies the two-way fixed effects model as the most appropriate specification because it controls for spatial heterogeneity across regencies/cities and temporal heterogeneity across years. The results show that economic growth and agricultural sector contribution are positively and significantly associated with deforestation, indicating that regional expansion remains associated with land-extensive development. By contrast, per capita GRDP and poverty do not show significant effects after controlling for regency/city and year effects. The mining sector contribution has a negative coefficient and is only weakly significant; it should be interpreted cautiously because sectoral output shares do not necessarily represent the physical footprint of extraction. Overall, findings suggest deforestation in West Kalimantan is driven more by growth structure and composition than by welfare indicators alone. Forest-compatible regional development should prioritize agricultural intensification, stronger land-use governance, and stricter control of frontier expansion.
Interaction of Ammonifying Bacteria and AMF Associated With Pioneer Plants in Ex-Gold Mining Hamzah Hamzah; Jenny Rumondang; Ria Rif’atunidaudina; Rajjitha Handayani; Suci Ratna Puri; Rizki Ayu Hardiyanti; Dian Nisya
MAKILA Vol 20 No 1 (2026): Makila : Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan
Publisher : Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/makila.v20i1.25332

Abstract

Gold mining activities degrade soil physical and chemical properties, increasing compaction, reducing drainage and aeration, lowering productivity, and limiting plant growth. This study evaluated soil fertility, physical and chemical characteristics of ex-illegal gold mining land, and identified arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species and ammonifying bacteria associated with pioneer plants used for phytoremediation. The results showed that high clay content limited water and nutrient infiltration. The average clay content increased from 42.41% in 2019 to 45.12% in 2021. Soil pH (H₂O and KCl) was acidic, ranging from 4.20 to 5.92. Organic carbon (0.96–1.87%) and total nitrogen (0.11–0.26%) were classified as low, indicating poor soil fertility. Among pioneer plants, Melastoma malabathricum showed the highest AMF spore abundance, with 37, 30, and 29 spores per 50 g of soil in 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. The highest population of ammonifying bacteria was found in the 2021, with a count of 46.3 x 105 individuals per gram of soil. This study aims to identify the interactions between AMF and ammonifying bacteria associated with pioneer plants to support phytoremediation activities on ex-illegal gold mining land.

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