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Ahmad Izzuddin
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Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang
ISSN : 27751236     EISSN : 27752119     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21580/al-hilal
Core Subject : Religion, Science, Social,
Religion Astronomy Earth & Planetary Sciences Physics Social Sciences
Al-Hilal Journal is a scientific journal published in April and October per year by the Islamic Astronomy at the Faculty of Sharia and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Walisongo, Semarang colaboration with Asosisasi Dosen Falak Indonesia (ADFI). Articles published in this journal are the results of empirical research in Islamic Astronomy (such as qibla, salat times, Islamic Calendar, Eclipse and others), and its approaching on other area studies (mathematics, physics, astrophysics, social, politics, anthropology, ethnography and others). This journal has specifications as a medium of publication and communication of Islamic Astronomy ideas derived from theoretical and analytical studies, as well as research results in the field of both natural and social science. The editor hopes that writers, researchers and legal experts will contribute in this journal.
Arjuna Subject : Fisika dan Astronomi - Fisika dan Astronomi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 117 Documents
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STUDY OF DETERMINING PRAYER MAGHRIB TIME IN THE AL-FALAQIYYAH MANUSCRIPT Zufialina, Era
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 5, No 2, 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2023.5.2.18328

Abstract

The five daily prayer times in the al-Falaqiyah text are determined using rubū’ mujayyab, except for the Maghrib prayer time. It is stated in the text that the time for Maghrib is six o'clock without further information being given. This method contradicts the current method of determining the beginning of prayer times. By using qualitative research with literature study, this paper explores further the basis for calculations and implementation of the methods used in the al-Falaqiyyah text. By using descriptive analysis, it was found that the six o'clock provisions for Maghrib prayers in the text are approximate. After comparisons were made, there was also a difference of 3 to 7 minutes in the Maghrib time in the manuscript with the Maghrib time calculation using rubū’ mujayyab.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE JEAN MEEUS ALGORITHM IN CALCULATING NEW MOON AND FULL MOON DATA Venia, Susan
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 6, No 1, 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2024.6.1.18847

Abstract

This research aims to determine the application of Jean Meeus' algorithm in calculating new moon and full moon data. This is a qualitative study using a library approach. The primary source is the book "Astronomical Algorithm" by Jean Meeus, while secondary sources include books, journals, websites, and other information. The research results show that calculating new moon and full moon data using Jean Meeus' algorithm involves several calculation stages: lunation value (k), time in the Julian epoch 2000 (T), M (mean solar anomaly), M' (mean lunar anomaly), F (lunar latitude), and Ω (longitude of the ascending node) in degrees (0⁰ - 360⁰). Then, 14 arguments (components) affecting the planets are calculated in degrees. Next, the average time for moon phases is calculated, considering the influence of lunar and solar ablation and the moon’s light travel time to the observer’s position. Additional correction to the JDE (Julian Day Ephemeris) is required to determine the true phases. Jean Meeus' algorithm is used in the taḥqīqī essential calculation method due to its highly accurate astronomical data corrections for the movements of the Moon and Sun and is part of the heliocentric flow.
AL-SHĀFI’Ī’S PERSPECTIVE ABOUT THE ECLIPSE PRAYER AT FORBIDDEN TIMES FOR PRAYING Inayah, Maulida
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 5, No 2, 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2023.5.2.18497

Abstract

The eclipse prayer, considered Sunnah Muakkad, presents different points of view among the ulama. Most jurists believe these prayers are prohibited during haram times (taḥrīm) because the ḥadīth applies to all prayers. It is different from al-Shāfi'ī who allows eclipse prayers at any time, even during taḥrīm. Since most Indonesian people adhere to the al-Shāfi'ī school of thought, understanding the basis of its ijtihād is essential. With a qualitative method, this literature article uses a descriptive-analytical method, with the primary source being the book al-Umm. This article produces two main findings. First, al-Shāfi'ī justifies the eclipse prayer during taḥrīm because of the general nature of the ḥadīth restrictions and the particular reason for the eclipse prayer. Second, the legal reasoning uses qiyās, aligning missed prayers with valid reasons at taḥrīm times.
DETERMINING PRAYER TIMES IN MIDNIGHT SUN COUNTRIES Salma, Aulia; As'ad, Muhammad
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 6, No 1, 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2024.6.1.21040

Abstract

The phenomenon of the midnight sun presents unique challenges for people living in countries that experience prolonged daylight. One issue in these regions is the application of iḥtiyāṭ (precautionary measures) in religious practices, such as determining prayer times and fasting hours according to Islamic teachings. This article explores the socio-religious implications of time management in countries experiencing the midnight sun phenomenon, focusing on its impact on Muslim communities. Through qualitative analysis of literature, case studies, and religious texts, this research examines the challenges faced by Muslims in fulfilling religious obligations amidst extended daylight hours. The study also investigates the responses and adaptations made by religious authorities and community members to address the scheduling of prayer times in countries with midnight sun. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the intersection between natural phenomena, cultural traditions, and religious practices by highlighting this rarely discussed aspect of religious observance in regions with unique daylight patterns.
THE ROLE OF SINDHIND ZIJ AS THE FIRST ISLAMIC ASTRONOMICAL CALCULATION TABLE IN INDIAN CIVILIZATION Faizah, Nur; Binti Roslan, Nura'zirah
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 5, No 2, 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2023.5.2.18158

Abstract

Astronomy has developed in India since prehistoric times. However, astronomy’s first work appeared during the Vedanga Jyotisa era, written by Lagadha, the oldest literary book in India. Using qualitative methods with a library research approach, it was found that Indian astronomers researched Astronomy and wrote books. One of the books that first made Muslim scientists interested in the world of astronomy was the book Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta, which was translated into Arabic by Al-Fazari (d. 796 AD) during the Caliphate of Al-Manṣūr from the Abbasid dynasty. Al-Fazari (d. 796 AD) became the first Muslim astronomer to compile Zij, with his calculations converted into the Hijri Calendar. After Al-Fazari (d. 796 AD) collected this Zij, other Zijs were born, which became the forerunners for the composition of the epimeris and other counts. Around the beginning of the 11th century, Al-Biruni (973-1048 AD) spread da'wah to India and introduced the study of Islamic astronomy in India.
THE EVOLUTION OF AL-JALĀLĪ CALENDAR: INSIGHTS FROM ‘UMAR KHAYYĀM'S CONTRIBUTIONS Alpaten, Ulil Albab Al aulia; Harahap, Rustam Dahar Karnadi Apollo
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 6, No 1, 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2024.6.1.19656

Abstract

The Al-Jalālī calendar, developed by ‘Umar Khayyām in the 11th century, has important significance in Islamic history and culture. This study aims to trace the calendar's evolution, focusing on Khayyām's contributions and impact on the development of science and culture. The methods used include literature study, document analysis, and review of astronomical methods used by Khayyām. This journal highlights its scientific significance in the development of the calendar system, describing the journey of the Al-Jalālī Calendar from its initial concept to the improvements it obtained. An in-depth analysis of ‘Umar Khayyām's contributions and the development of the Al-Jalālī Calendar provides a rich insight into the history, mathematics, and astronomy of the time and its influence on time measurement and administration in Persian society.
DETERMINING THE INITIAL TIME OF MORNING PRAYER USING THE SOUND OF A ROCK'S CROWD Fikrah, Atina Zahiratul
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 6, No 1, 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2024.6.1.21164

Abstract

Fajr al-ṣādiq is an indication of the entry of Fajr time. Another indication is the sound of a rooster's crowing, which can be predicted based on his biological clock. Apart from that, roosters also have eyes that are sensitive to light, so the rooster crows very loudly in the morning. This research tries to find out what the astronomical conditions are like when roosters start crowing. This research was carried out by direct observation in the field to obtain accurate results. The results of this research are that the sound of a rooster's crowing can be used as an alarm for dawn but cannot be used as a definite reference for the start of dawn because the roosters are busy crowing several moments after dawn.
AHMAD MARZUQI AL-BĀTĀWĪ’S THOUGHTS IN FAḌL AL-RAḤMĀN BOOK AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION ON DETERMINING ISLAMIC CALENDAR IN INDONESIA Yaqin, Ahmad Ainul; Rohman, Khabib Syaikhu; Faza, Ricka Ulfatul
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 5, No 2, 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2023.5.2.18526

Abstract

Criteria for the visibility of the new moon have been initiated by Betawi ulama, one of which is found in the book Faḍl al-Raḥmān by Ahmad Marzuqi al-Bātāwī. Ahmad Marzuqi's criteria are very different from those used by the Indonesian Ministry of Religion, giving rise to several differences. Using literature research and interviews as a data collection method, this paper finds that Ahmad Marzuqi al-Bātāwī's thoughts in the book Faḍl al-Raḥmān state that the minimum limit for imkān al-rukyah is 7° without using a telescope. This idea of imkān al-rukyah is still currently being implemented by the al-Marzūqiyyah congregation in Cipinang Muara, East Jakarta, in determining the start of the lunar month so that if the height of the new moon is less than 7° it causes differences with the government.
THE HISTORY OF DETERMINING TIME AT NIGHT USING NOCTURLAB INSTRUMENTS Hamas, Nuril Fathoni
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 6, No 1, 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2024.6.1.19230

Abstract

At night, determining time is a little more complicated because the Sun cannot be observed directly. However, there is a unique instrument for knowing the time at night by reference to the position of the stars in the sky, namely the nocturlab. This article will discuss the history of determining the time at night with nocturlab. The method used in this research is qualitative to get an overview of Nocturlab in the past. This research shows that the Nocturlab instrument has a long development history; even though it is now a more sophisticated tool for determining time, this tool remains an essential part of astronomy and determining time in human civilization.
THE EXISTENCE OF THE ABOGE ISLAMIC JAVANESE DATE IN THE SAMIN KLOPODUWUR BLORA COMMUNITY Khanifah, Millatul
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 5, No 2, 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2023.5.2.17195

Abstract

The Aboge calendar system is still used today by several traditional Javanese community groups. One community that still uses this calendar system is the Samin Klopoduwur Community, Blora. In contrast to Aboge users who use Aboge to determine the start of the month, this community uses the Aboge calendar as a daily calendar. This research will focus on the existence and factors that encourage the Samin Klopoduwur community to maintain the Aboge Islamic Javanese calendar system. This research is qualitative research using a field approach. Data access was carried out by conducting in-depth interviews, observations and documentation, all of which were analyzed descriptively and analytically. The research results show that apart from being a daily calendar, they also use the Javanese Islamic Aboge calendar system as a guide to determine the days of religious ceremonies.

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