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Ahmad Izzuddin
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alhilal@walisongo.ac.id
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Gedung Dekanat Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum, UIN Walisongo Semarang Jl. Prof. Dr. Hamka, Tambakaji, Kec. Ngaliyan, Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah 50185
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INDONESIA
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang
ISSN : 27751236     EISSN : 27752119     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21580/al-hilal
Core Subject : Religion, Science, Social,
Religion Astronomy Earth & Planetary Sciences Physics Social Sciences
Al-Hilal Journal is a scientific journal published in April and October per year by the Islamic Astronomy at the Faculty of Sharia and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Walisongo, Semarang colaboration with Asosisasi Dosen Falak Indonesia (ADFI). Articles published in this journal are the results of empirical research in Islamic Astronomy (such as qibla, salat times, Islamic Calendar, Eclipse and others), and its approaching on other area studies (mathematics, physics, astrophysics, social, politics, anthropology, ethnography and others). This journal has specifications as a medium of publication and communication of Islamic Astronomy ideas derived from theoretical and analytical studies, as well as research results in the field of both natural and social science. The editor hopes that writers, researchers and legal experts will contribute in this journal.
Arjuna Subject : Fisika dan Astronomi - Fisika dan Astronomi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 114 Documents
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Azimuthal Adaptation of the Moon-Based Raṣdu al-Qiblah Method Azmi, Muhammad Farid; Yaqin, 'Alamul
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2025.7.1.26050

Abstract

The Raṣdu al-Qiblah of the Moon is a night-time method for determining Qibla direction, but it can only be used once per night and not on specific dates due to natural limitations. This study introduces an innovation by applying azimuth difference values (+90°, +45°, -45°), allowing the method to be used multiple times a night. The research compares this enhanced method with theodolite measurements and the Raṣdu al-Qiblah of the Sun to test its accuracy. Using a qualitative approach with astronomical analysis, the study finds that this modified method results in a deviation between 0°9'32.96" and 0°57'17.43". These results fall within acceptable Qibla tolerance limits as defined by some experts, showing that this method is accurate and viable as an alternative for Qibla determination, especially at night.
A Semantic Literature Review on Crescent Visibility: Trends, Models, and Implications for the Islamic Calendar Syarif, Muh Rasywan; Sakirman, Sakirman; Syarif, Muhammad Fazlurrahman
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2025.7.1.26099

Abstract

The visibility of the hilāl is a fundamental aspect in determining the beginning of the Hijri month, which significantly impacts the implementation of worship and the social order of Muslims in various parts of the world. This study adopts a Semantic Literature Review approach to analyze research trends, prediction models, and the scientific and social implications of hilāl visibility in the Islamic calendar system. Various methods have been developed, ranging from classical astronomical models such as imkān ar-rukyat to the utilization of artificial intelligence and digital imaging technology. The results show that integrating astronomical methods with data-driven modeling and machine learning algorithms can improve the accuracy of hilāl visibility predictions. However, applying these models still faces challenges, especially regarding acceptance from Muslim communities and religious authorities. This study emphasizes the importance of collaboration between astronomical scientists and religious scholars in formulating a more accurate, inclusive, and globally acceptable Hijri calendar system.
Investigating the Variances of Maghrib Prayer Time in Indonesia and Malaysia Afifi, Filza Noor Rikzal; Umar, Roslan; Hidayah, Vika Rachmania
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2025.7.1.26577

Abstract

The determination of the beginning of Maghrib prayer time is crucial, as it is directly related to the position of the Sun on the western horizon. Indonesia sets the Maghrib time when the Sun is at the proper position of -1 degree or -0° 50', along with elevation and atmospheric refraction corrections. In contrast, Malaysia adds approximately two minutes after sunset without defining a specific angular position, considering local elevation and atmospheric factors. This study aims to comparatively analyze the methodologies used by Indonesia's Ministry of Religious Affairs and Malaysia's JAKIM through a library research approach, employing both philosophical-normative and astronomical perspectives. Data were collected from interviews and Islamic astronomy documents. The findings show that while both countries agree on the Islamic legal principle that Maghrib begins when the Sun has fully set, technical differences in calculation methods reflect their respective approaches to integrating religious texts with astronomical precision.
Evaluating the Feasibility of Yanbu’ul Qur’an Observatory in Menawan Kudus for Lunar Crescent Observation Iqbal, Muhammad Maulana; Habib, Muhammad Akmal; Ramdhani, Fajri Zulia
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2025.7.1.27090

Abstract

The Yanbu’ul Qur’an Observatory in Menawan Kudus, Indonesia, functions as a site for crescent moon (rukyat al-hilāl) observations and Islamic astronomy education. Despite conducting various observation activities, successful hilāl sighting has only occurred during Zulhijjah 1443 H, primarily due to light pollution, limited horizon clarity, and low contrast between the moon and the horizon. This field study analyzes primary data on observatory infrastructure, horizon conditions, sky brightness, and climatological factors, along with secondary data from observation records (2022–2023). The findings indicate two key points: (1) the observatory significantly supports astronomy education at the Yanbu’ul Qur’an Islamic Boarding School, and (2) it is moderately feasible for hilāl observation based on parameters from the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG), including favorable westward orientation, minimal obstructions, elevated location, low light pollution, and reliable electricity and internet access.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE JEAN MEEUS ALGORITHM IN CALCULATING NEW MOON AND FULL MOON DATA Venia, Susan
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 6, No 1, 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2024.6.1.18847

Abstract

This research aims to determine the application of Jean Meeus' algorithm in calculating new moon and full moon data. This is a qualitative study using a library approach. The primary source is the book "Astronomical Algorithm" by Jean Meeus, while secondary sources include books, journals, websites, and other information. The research results show that calculating new moon and full moon data using Jean Meeus' algorithm involves several calculation stages: lunation value (k), time in the Julian epoch 2000 (T), M (mean solar anomaly), M' (mean lunar anomaly), F (lunar latitude), and Ω (longitude of the ascending node) in degrees (0⁰ - 360⁰). Then, 14 arguments (components) affecting the planets are calculated in degrees. Next, the average time for moon phases is calculated, considering the influence of lunar and solar ablation and the moon’s light travel time to the observer’s position. Additional correction to the JDE (Julian Day Ephemeris) is required to determine the true phases. Jean Meeus' algorithm is used in the taḥqīqī essential calculation method due to its highly accurate astronomical data corrections for the movements of the Moon and Sun and is part of the heliocentric flow.
THE HISTORY OF DETERMINING TIME AT NIGHT USING NOCTURLAB INSTRUMENTS Hamas, Nuril Fathoni
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 6, No 1, 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2024.6.1.19230

Abstract

At night, determining time is a little more complicated because the Sun cannot be observed directly. However, there is a unique instrument for knowing the time at night by reference to the position of the stars in the sky, namely the nocturlab. This article will discuss the history of determining the time at night with nocturlab. The method used in this research is qualitative to get an overview of Nocturlab in the past. This research shows that the Nocturlab instrument has a long development history; even though it is now a more sophisticated tool for determining time, this tool remains an essential part of astronomy and determining time in human civilization.
THE EVOLUTION OF AL-JALĀLĪ CALENDAR: INSIGHTS FROM ‘UMAR KHAYYĀM'S CONTRIBUTIONS Alpaten, Ulil Albab Al aulia; Harahap, Rustam Dahar Karnadi Apollo
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 6, No 1, 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2024.6.1.19656

Abstract

The Al-Jalālī calendar, developed by ‘Umar Khayyām in the 11th century, has important significance in Islamic history and culture. This study aims to trace the calendar's evolution, focusing on Khayyām's contributions and impact on the development of science and culture. The methods used include literature study, document analysis, and review of astronomical methods used by Khayyām. This journal highlights its scientific significance in the development of the calendar system, describing the journey of the Al-Jalālī Calendar from its initial concept to the improvements it obtained. An in-depth analysis of ‘Umar Khayyām's contributions and the development of the Al-Jalālī Calendar provides a rich insight into the history, mathematics, and astronomy of the time and its influence on time measurement and administration in Persian society.
THE VALUE OF IḤTIYĀṬ’S PRAYER TIMES IN SEMARANG CITY Maulana, Muhammad Irkham
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 6, No 1, 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2024.6.1.20969

Abstract

The prayer schedule is usually applied to one area, such as Semarang City, considering the existing area, its area, and its height. The value of iḥtiyāṭ certainly has a role in implementing prayer times to accommodate all parts of one area as well as a safety measure against miscalculations; the method is carried out by taking into account prayer times in the eastern and the westernmost regions, as well as lowland and highland areas, then compared to the reference prayer time, in this case, the Great Mosque of Central Java. For the city of Semarang, with an east-west area of 24.2 km and an altitude of 0-405 meters above sea level, it is safe to use an iḥtiyāṭ of 2 minutes. However, considering the highland areas, it is necessary to use an iḥtiyāṭ value of 3 minutes for maghrib and evening prayer times.
DETERMINING PRAYER TIMES IN MIDNIGHT SUN COUNTRIES Salma, Aulia; As'ad, Muhammad
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 6, No 1, 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2024.6.1.21040

Abstract

The phenomenon of the midnight sun presents unique challenges for people living in countries that experience prolonged daylight. One issue in these regions is the application of iḥtiyāṭ (precautionary measures) in religious practices, such as determining prayer times and fasting hours according to Islamic teachings. This article explores the socio-religious implications of time management in countries experiencing the midnight sun phenomenon, focusing on its impact on Muslim communities. Through qualitative analysis of literature, case studies, and religious texts, this research examines the challenges faced by Muslims in fulfilling religious obligations amidst extended daylight hours. The study also investigates the responses and adaptations made by religious authorities and community members to address the scheduling of prayer times in countries with midnight sun. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the intersection between natural phenomena, cultural traditions, and religious practices by highlighting this rarely discussed aspect of religious observance in regions with unique daylight patterns.
DETERMINING THE INITIAL TIME OF MORNING PRAYER USING THE SOUND OF A ROCK'S CROWD Fikrah, Atina Zahiratul
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 6, No 1, 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2024.6.1.21164

Abstract

Fajr al-ṣādiq is an indication of the entry of Fajr time. Another indication is the sound of a rooster's crowing, which can be predicted based on his biological clock. Apart from that, roosters also have eyes that are sensitive to light, so the rooster crows very loudly in the morning. This research tries to find out what the astronomical conditions are like when roosters start crowing. This research was carried out by direct observation in the field to obtain accurate results. The results of this research are that the sound of a rooster's crowing can be used as an alarm for dawn but cannot be used as a definite reference for the start of dawn because the roosters are busy crowing several moments after dawn.

Page 8 of 12 | Total Record : 114

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