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SRIWIJAYA JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT
Published by Universitas Sriwijaya
ISSN : 25274961     EISSN : 25273809     DOI : 10.22135/sje.xx
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Energy Environmental Science Public Health
Sriwijaya Journal of Environment (SJE) publishes original research or theoretical papers, notes, and mini reviews on new knowledge and research or research applications on current issues in environmental sciences and related such as: Environmental Science, Environmental Technology, Environmental Health Environmental ethics Lowland Management Environmental policy Environmental economy
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Lingkungan (semua ketegori) - Ilmu Lingkungan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 260 Documents
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High-Resolution Single-Beam Bathymetry and IHO S-44 Uncertainty Benchmarking for Damaged-Pile Validation at Bullnose Jetty, Lagos, Nigeria Alfred Sunday Alademomi; Joseph Olayemi Odumosu; Stephen Olushola Oladosu
Sriwijaya Journal of Environment Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Sriwijaya Journal of Environment
Publisher : Program Pascasarjana Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22135/sje.2026.11.1.65-74

Abstract

Background: Coastal port infrastructure operates in dynamic tidal environments where seabed change threatens structural safety, yet high-resolution, standard-benchmarked bathymetric validation of damaged and replacement piles is scarce for West-African ports. Objective: To characterise seabed conditions and validate proposed replacement piles at Bullnose Jetty, Apapa Port Complex, Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria, ahead of piling and repair. Methods: A single-beam echo-sounder with RTK-GNSS and 10-minute tidal reduction produced a 0.1-m grid, interpolated by kriging (Surfer 16). The survey polygon was stratified into four hydrographic sub-zones (n = 108 nodes); six parameters were analysed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD, Pearson correlation, multiple regression and PCA, and benchmarked against IHO S-44 (Ed. 6.0.0). Results: Corrected depths ranged 10.1–13.2 m and differed significantly among zones (11.66±0.86 m; F(3,104)=131.0, p<0.001, η²=0.79), deepening from the quay apron (10.65±0.35 m) to the central channel (12.76±0.42 m). Achieved total vertical uncertainty (0.23–0.27 m, k=2) met IHO Order 1a everywhere and Special Order in sheltered zones, and was governed by roughness and depth (R²=0.82). PCA captured 86.3% of variance in two components. No obstructions occurred at piles A-38/39/40; the broken pile P39A was mapped on the seabed. Conclusion: The reproducible, IHO-benchmarked protocol confirms safe pile placement and supports routine hydrographic monitoring of Lagos-area port infrastructure.
Soil Quality, Pollution Indices and Health Risk of Metals and PAHs at a Crude-Oil Spill Site in Okpohovor, Delta State, Nigeria Peter Mamuro Eguvbe; Solomon Erhajemu Ogoron; Eze Wealth Odali; Ijeomah Faith Ogwu; Chinedu Jude Ossai; Anthony Anwuli Ogbuta; Chukwujindu Maxwell Azubuike Iwegbue; Godwin Ebichime Nwajei
Sriwijaya Journal of Environment Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): Sriwijaya Journal of Environment
Publisher : Program Pascasarjana Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22135/sje.2026.11.2.85-94

Abstract

Background: Oil spillage is a major driver of soil degradation in the Niger Delta, yet integrated, site-specific assessments coupling metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and quantitative risk remain scarce. Objective: This study assessed the contamination status, source structure and ecological and human-health risk of soils at a crude-oil spill site in Okpohovor, Udu Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria. Methods: Soils from five points (S1–S5) and a control station were sampled at two depths (0–15 and 15–30 cm). pH, electrical conductivity, total organic carbon, particle size and nine metals were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and 16 priority PAHs by GC–MS. Pollution indices, principal component analysis (PCA), one-way ANOVA with effect sizes, and BaP-equivalent, hazard-index and incremental lifetime cancer-risk models were applied. Results: Soils were strongly acidic (pH 3.00–3.70) and sandy. All metals were below Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR) target values except cadmium (0.05–2.55 mg/kg), which reached the pollution range in 60% of samples. Clay differed significantly between sites (F=10.133, p=0.013, η²=0.890). PCA separated a lithogenic Pb–Cr–Ni–Fe association (PC1, 32.0%) from a cadmium-driven signal. The ecological risk index (9–263) was cadmium-dominated. ΣPAH reached 81,327 µg/kg from mixed petrogenic–pyrogenic sources; hazard indices were mostly below 1 but total cancer risk exceeded 1×10⁻⁶. Conclusion: Cadmium and carcinogenic PAHs are the priority contaminants, posing food-chain and public-health risks that warrant targeted remediation and sustained monitoring.
Valorising Defatted Soy Flour into High-Moisture Textured Vegetable Protein by Single-Screw Cooking Extrusion Domas Galih Patria; Cindytia Selvina Bernas; Annur Ahadi Abdillah; Dodyk Pranowo; Jenshinn Lin
Sriwijaya Journal of Environment Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Sriwijaya Journal of Environment
Publisher : Program Pascasarjana Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22135/sje.2026.11.1.75-84

Abstract

Background: Conventional meat production is approaching ecological limits, motivating sustainable, circular-economy protein alternatives. Defatted soy flour (DSF), a low-value co-product of soybean oil extraction, is protein-dense, fibre-rich and abundant in Indonesia, yet its use in high-moisture textured vegetable protein (HM-TVP) is unexplored. Objective: To valorise DSF into HM-TVP by single-screw cooking extrusion and determine how substitution ratio and screw speed govern its functional, proximate, textural, colour, microstructural, isoflavone and sensory quality. Methods: Three DSF:pea-protein-isolate (PPI) ratios (0:70, 15:55, 30:40) and three screw speeds (30, 40, 50 rpm) were examined in a 3×3 factorial design (n=3) at the Food Pilot Plant, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology (NPUST), Pingtung, Taiwan. Water absorption/solubility indices, proximate composition, texture-profile analysis, HunterLab colour, SEM microstructure, RP-C18 HPLC isoflavones and hedonic scores were determined, and data were analysed by two-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD, effect sizes (η²), Pearson correlation and principal component analysis. Results: DSF substitution dominated most responses (partial η²=0.57–0.99, p<0.001). Raising DSF from 0 to 30% increased water absorption index (1.92→3.43 g/g), crude fibre (2.79→6.40%), hardness (25.7→56.9 N) and chewiness, and shifted the isoflavone profile toward higher glycoside (genistin up to 1741 µg/g) and bioavailable aglycone concentrations, while reducing crude protein (77.1→63.3%), crude fat (1.86→0.93%), lightness (L* 78.1→72.4) and springiness. Higher screw speed raised water-soluble index and soluble-fibre release but lowered hardness and browning. Crude protein of all extrudates (63–77%) far exceeded the ≥50% benchmark for texturised soy products, and the 15% DSF blend at 40 rpm (D15S40) achieved the highest overall acceptability (4.10/5). Conclusion: DSF can partially replace pea/soy protein isolates in sustainable, phytonutrient-enriched meat analogues at lower cost.
Selective Herbicide Combinations Sustain Early Eucalyptus pellita Growth and Soil Microbial Abundance During Plantation Land Preparation in South Sumatra Prebiton Yusef; Ahmad Muslim; Adipati Napoleon
Sriwijaya Journal of Environment Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): Sriwijaya Journal of Environment
Publisher : Program Pascasarjana Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22135/sje.2026.11.2.95-105

Abstract

Background: Herbicide application during land preparation is routine in tropical industrial plantation forestry, yet its simultaneous effects on soil biology, weed cover, and tree growth are rarely evaluated together. Objective: This study assessed the effects of herbicide combinations applied during land preparation on weed cover, early growth of Eucalyptus pellita (height and stem diameter), and total soil microbial abundance at PT Musi Hutan Persada, Muara Enim, South Sumatra, Indonesia, as an implementation of IFCC Indicator 7.2.8 on minimising chemical pesticide use. Methods: A Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and four replications (16 plots of 360 m²) compared P1 (control), P2 (indaziflam+iodosulfuron, 250 g ha⁻¹), P3 (glyphosate 3 L ha⁻¹ + indaziflam+iodosulfuron), and P4 (glyphosate 3 L ha⁻¹ + metsulfuron-methyl 300 g ha⁻¹ + indaziflam+iodosulfuron), analysed by one-way ANOVA with η² effect sizes, LSD separation, Pearson correlation, and principal component analysis. Results: Herbicide treatment significantly reduced weed cover (F(3,12)=18.42, p<0.001, η²=0.82), with suppression of 27.9%, 45.9%, and 68.1% in P2, P3, and P4, but did not significantly affect height, stem diameter, or microbial abundance (all p>0.05). Microbial abundance stayed about four orders of magnitude above the 10² CFU g⁻¹ degradation threshold of Regulation No. 07/2006, and all plots were classified as not degraded. Conclusion: Selective, well-timed herbicide combinations can control weeds effectively without compromising early E. pellita growth or soil microbial abundance, supporting sustainable plantation management under IFCC Indicator 7.2.8.
Multitemporal Detection of Urban Heat Island Dynamics Using Landsat 8 and GIS in Payakumbuh City, West Sumatra, Indonesia (2017–2024) Yasa Palaguna Umar; Nazhmi Hariz; Muhammad Roil Bilad
Sriwijaya Journal of Environment Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): Sriwijaya Journal of Environment
Publisher : Program Pascasarjana Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22135/sje.2026.11.2.106-115

Abstract

Background: Urbanisation converts vegetated and agricultural land into impervious surfaces, reducing evapotranspiration and intensifying the Urban Heat Island (UHI). Payakumbuh City, West Sumatra, Indonesia, has undergone rapid built-up growth whose thermal consequences remain unquantified. Objective: This study identified the spatial and temporal dynamics of UHI in Payakumbuh City from 2017 to 2024 using Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS Collection-2 Level-1 imagery and GIS-based spatial analysis. Methods: Supervised land use/land cover (LULC) classification, NDVI, NDBI, and emissivity-corrected land surface temperature (LST) were computed in QGIS, and relationships were tested using Spearman and Pearson correlations, ANOVA with Tukey HSD, regression, and principal component analysis. The study covered the 75.44 km² administrative area of Payakumbuh City (0°11′–0°16′ S, 100°34′–100°41′ E). Results: Built-up land increased from 38.77% to 50.36% of the city area (+11.59 percentage points), while agricultural land fell from 50.67% to 40.06% (−10.61). Mean NDVI declined from 0.62 to 0.53 and mean NDBI rose from −0.29 to −0.24, while maximum LST increased from 31.85 °C to 34.03 °C (+2.18 °C). NDVI correlated negatively with LST (ρ = −0.43 to −0.59) and NDBI positively (ρ = 0.53 to 0.65), all p < 0.001. LST differed significantly among classes (ANOVA F(4,1095) = 1062.6, p < 0.001, η² = 0.80), with built-up warmest (29.8 °C) and water coolest (23.4 °C). UHI-affected area expanded from 18.93 km² (25.09%) to 22.39 km² (29.68%), a gain of 3.46 km² (+4.59%). Conclusion: Strengthening urban greening, protecting agricultural land, and controlling built-up expansion are recommended climate-sensitive planning strategies.
Characterising Firewood and Charcoal Production and Marketing Systems in the Dryland Woodlands of Ethiopia Gonche Girma; Abebaw Shimeles
Sriwijaya Journal of Environment Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): Sriwijaya Journal of Environment
Publisher : Program Pascasarjana Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22135/sje.2026.11.2.116-125

Abstract

Background: Rising woodfuel demand in Ethiopia — driven by population growth, urbanisation, poverty and unemployment — is depleting dryland woodlands, yet the people who produce and trade firewood and charcoal remain poorly characterised. Objective: To characterise woodfuel production and marketing across nine dryland sites in Ethiopia in order to inform sustainable demand- and supply-side management. Methods: A cross-sectional mixed-methods design combined a structured survey of 245 producers and traders with participatory rural appraisal, focus-group discussions and key-informant interviews, analysed within a Structure–Conduct–Performance framework using one-way ANOVA with η² and Tukey HSD, χ² with Cramér's V, multiple regression, principal component analysis and market-concentration indices (α = 0.05). Results: Charcoal producers (51.8%) and firewood collectors (29.0%) dominated a moderately concentrated sector (HHI = 3697; Shannon H′ = 1.18). Mean monthly charcoal income (12,492 ETB) significantly exceeded firewood income (8,656 ETB) (F = 137.1, p < 0.001, η² = 0.41). Production peaked in February (66.9%), January (63.8%) and August (51.0%); regression explained 41% of income variance (adjusted R² = 0.39, p < 0.001). Most firewood (77.9%) and charcoal (53.4%) sold in nearby towns; producers captured only 27.7% of the final charcoal price. Conclusion: Woodfuel is simultaneously a primary livelihood and an income-smoothing strategy; improved kilns, sustainable-harvesting licensing and better market access are needed to reconcile rural incomes with dryland-woodland conservation.
Pristine No More: Microplastics and Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Reveal Two Distinct Contamination Pathways in the Confined Volcanic Aquifers of Savusavu, Fiji Daphne Marshall; Shanti Narayan; Jone Tavola
Sriwijaya Journal of Environment Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): Sriwijaya Journal of Environment
Publisher : Program Pascasarjana Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22135/sje.2026.11.2.126-135

Abstract

Background: Remote oceanic-island aquifers are historically classified as pristine freshwater reserves, largely immune to global anthropogenic contamination; the ubiquity of emerging contaminants challenges this assumption. Objective: To present the first joint baseline of microplastics (MPs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the confined volcanic (basaltic) aquifer of the Savusavu region, Vanua Levu, Fiji. Methods: Groundwater was sampled from 15 boreholes (45–120 m depth) during the dry season under strict fluoropolymer-free and contamination-controlled protocols. PFAS were quantified by solid-phase extraction with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS) and MPs by wet-peroxide oxidation, stereomicroscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy; data were analysed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD and eta-squared, Pearson correlation, principal component analysis (PCA) and contamination/hazard indices. Results: MPs occurred in 87% of wells (mean 4.08 ± 2.56 MPs/L, fibre-dominated) and PFAS in 100% (PFOA 6.35 ± 4.35 ng/L; PFOS 4.10 ± 2.95 ng/L). Concentrations declined significantly with depth, most steeply for MPs (r = −0.93, p < 0.001). PFOA exceeded the 4.0 ng/L US EPA maximum contaminant level in 10 of 15 wells, whereas nitrate and chloride remained within WHO limits. PCA explained 86% of variance and resolved two transport pathways: a dissolved axis (PFOA–PFOS–nitrate) and a particulate fracture-flow axis (MP–turbidity–chloride). Conclusion: Confined volcanic aquifers in remote Pacific islands are therefore not entirely pristine but act as sinks for global trace contaminants, necessitating the integration of emerging contaminants into Pacific island groundwater policy.
Hydro-Geophysical Assessment of Freshwater-Lens Thinning and Saline Upconing in Three Inhabited Atolls of the Northern Cook Islands Mary-Jane Wood; Eva Browne; Tiare Wichmann
Sriwijaya Journal of Environment Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): Sriwijaya Journal of Environment
Publisher : Program Pascasarjana Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22135/sje.2026.11.2.136-146

Abstract

Background: Freshwater lenses are the principal source of potable water for the low-lying coral atolls of the Northern Cook Islands, yet they are acutely vulnerable to sea-level rise, tidal forcing and over-abstraction. Objective: This study quantified freshwater-lens thinning and saline upconing across three inhabited atolls (Rakahanga, Manihiki and Pukapuka) and identified the environmental and anthropogenic drivers of degradation. Methods: Electrical resistivity tomography delineated the freshwater–seawater interface, while 24 community wells were sampled in the 2024 wet and dry seasons for electrical conductivity (EC), chloride, tidal amplitude, abstraction and recharge. Data were analysed offline with ANOVA (Tukey HSD, η²), Pearson correlation, multiple regression, principal component analysis (PCA) and salinisation indices, benchmarked against WHO/US-EPA guidelines. Results: Mean lens thickness was critically low at 4.34 ± 1.01 m and differed significantly among atolls (F(2,21) = 45.73, p < 0.001, η² = 0.813), thinning from Rakahanga (5.45 m) to Pukapuka (3.27 m). Chloride (mean 405 mg/L) exceeded the 250 mg/L WHO guideline in 19 of 24 wells and was inversely correlated with thickness (r = −0.835, p < 0.001). Regression explained 83.5% of the variance (adjusted R² = 0.810; F(3,20) = 33.69, p < 0.001), and PCA resolved a single salinisation axis explaining 77.5% of variance; the Groundwater Quality Index rose from 106 to 179 along the same gradient. Conclusion: The freshwater lenses of the Northern Cook Islands are thin, saline and actively degrading under combined tidal forcing and manageable anthropogenic abstraction, requiring optimised pumping, rainwater augmentation and continuous monitoring to safeguard atoll water security.
Integrated Riparian Buffer Zones and Floating Treatment Wetlands for Mitigating Agricultural Nutrient Runoff in the Lerma–Chapala Basin, Mexico Matilda Munoz; Carmen Pech Hernandez; Maria Sofia May
Sriwijaya Journal of Environment Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): Sriwijaya Journal of Environment
Publisher : Program Pascasarjana Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22135/sje.2026.11.2.147-156

Abstract

Background: Non-point source agricultural runoff is the dominant driver of eutrophication in the Lerma–Chapala Basin, central Mexico, yet field evidence on coupling terrestrial and aquatic nature-based solutions in a large degraded watershed remains scarce. Objective: To quantify the efficacy of riparian buffer zones (RBZ) and floating treatment wetlands (FTW), applied individually and combined, in attenuating total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). Methods: 120 sites (n=30 per treatment: Control, RBZ-Only, FTW-Only, Combined) were monitored bi-weekly over a full annual cycle; paired inlet–outlet TN and TP were determined by APHA spectrophotometric methods and compared using ANOVA with Tukey HSD, correlation, OLS regression, PCA and nutrient indices (Figure 1). Results: Influent averaged 18.52±3.2 mg L⁻¹ TN and 4.21±0.9 mg L⁻¹ TP. Control attenuation was negligible (5.1% TN, 5.0% TP); the Combined system was synergistic, reducing TN by 74.9% and TP by 81.7% (effluent 4.8 and 0.8 mg L⁻¹). Differences were highly significant (TN F=663.4; TP F=846.4; both p<0.001; η²>0.94), with treatment the dominant predictor of effluent TN (R²=0.83). Conclusions: Integrating RBZ with FTW offers a scalable, low-cost framework for restoring aquatic equilibrium in intensively farmed subtropical basins.
Forest Fragmentation Geometry Drives Sylvatic Vector-Borne Disease Incidence in the Southern Brazilian Amazon: A Geospatial Spatial-Autoregressive Assessment Sandro Louise Oliveira; Helena Arthur da Silva; Miguel Pereira
Sriwijaya Journal of Environment Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): Sriwijaya Journal of Environment
Publisher : Program Pascasarjana Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22135/sje.2026.11.2.157-167

Abstract

Background: Deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon has restructured the region's epidemiological landscape, yet the role of forest fragmentation geometry—as distinct from aggregate forest loss—in driving sylvatic vector-borne disease remains poorly quantified. Objective: To assess geospatial relationships among fragmentation, edge microclimate and the combined incidence of malaria and cutaneous leishmaniasis across 150 quadrants (10 km × 10 km) in the Arc of Deforestation frontier of the southern Brazilian Amazon (Rondônia–southern Pará; Figure 1). Methods: A composite Forest Fragmentation Index (FFI) was derived from Landsat-8 imagery (edge density, patch size, core isolation); incidence was obtained from national surveillance and standardised per 1000 residents; temperature and precipitation were extracted from WorldClim. Data were analysed with ANOVA and Tukey HSD, Pearson correlation, principal component analysis (PCA) and a Queen-contiguity spatial autoregressive (SAR) model. Results: Mean FFI was 0.65 ± 0.12 and mean incidence 15.4 ± 4.2 per 1000. Incidence differed across fragmentation tertiles (F = 86.09, p < 0.001, η² = 0.539; Tukey a/b/c), rising from 11.7 ± 3.1 to 19.2 ± 3.1. FFI correlated strongly with incidence (r = 0.804, p < 0.001). The SAR model (Moran's I = 0.408; ρ = 0.457, p < 0.001) confirmed FFI as the dominant driver; a 0.1-unit increase raised incidence by 1.9 cases per 1000 (p < 0.001), independent of climate, whereas precipitation was non-significant. PCA attributed 61.5% of variance to a landscape component. Conclusion: Landscape geometry should be treated as a public-health variable in Amazonian conservation and surveillance policy, supporting fragmentation-guided surveillance and stricter legal-reserve enforcement along active deforestation frontiers.

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