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<![CDATA[PATRIARCHY AND WOMEN’S SUBORDINATION: STUDY OF NYAI ONTOSOROH IN PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER’S THIS EARTH OF MANKIND” ]]>
<![CDATA[mei handayani]]>
<![CDATA[ LITERA KULTURA : Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies Vol 9 No 1 (2021): April ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Surabaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.26740/lk.v9i1.42474
<![CDATA[This study analyzes patriarchy and women's subordination in the Novel “This Earth of Mankind” written by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Colonialism brought patriarchal status and women's subordination to indigenous women, while patriarchy gave women the lowest authority and authority. Nyai Ontosoroh is a native Javanese woman; her husband is Dutch, who lived and was part of the Dutch colonialism. She was a mistress who sold to Dutch shows. This study aimed to explore the patriarchal status and subordination of women during the Dutch colonial era described by Nyai Ontosoroh in Pramoedya Ananta Toer's novel “This Earth of Mankind” and to reveal the patriarchal and female factors that occur in the protagonist in this novel. The data source is the historical novel by Pramodedya Ananta Toer entitled "This Earth of Mankind." The research analysis was carried out using the theoretical concept of feminism, which states that patriarchy is a term used to determine the subordination status of women. The findings revealed that throughout the Dutch colonial era, Nyai Ontosoroh encountered patriarchy and women's perceptions toward the law. The study also reveals that the Dutch are affected by factors that might still contribute to patriarchy and women. Despite the fact that Nyai Ontosoroh has repeatedly disobeyed Dutch law, she is simply an indigenous woman who is subjected to a patriarchal and subordinate system that has nothing to do with Dutch colonization. As a result, she was treated unfairly and was forced to submit to Dutch authority, which lost both her business and her daughter. Keywords: patriarchy, women’s subordination, this earth of mankind]]>
<![CDATA[LITERACY AND SOCIAL MOBILITY IN CHIMAMANDA NGOZIE ADICHIE’S THE HALF OF A YELLOW SUN ]]>
<![CDATA[Rizky Nur Octavia Maharani Sudarmono]]>
<![CDATA[ LITERA KULTURA : Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies Vol 9 No 1 (2021): April ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Surabaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.26740/lk.v9i1.42565
<![CDATA[Literacy is one of the important skills in order to survive in the society. Having high literacy skills means having a big opportunity to has a good status in the public. With the help of education, it is possible to achieve that. However, there are some conditions that it is difficult to access, such as a war. This kind of situation is nicely depicted in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s The Half of a Yellow Sun. Thus, this study is conducted to analyze how literacy practices could affect the social status in a society in The Half of a Yellow Sun. This research emphasizes into two problems (1) how the social mobility is depicted in the story and (2) how the concept of social mobility shaped by literacy practice that the characters experienced. This study employs Pitirim A. Sorokin’s theory of social mobility in order to elaborate how literacy skills could affect status in the society. The result shows that there are two types of social mobility that portrayed in the story. The first type is horizontal social mobility. The second is vertical social mobility, there are two types of it which are social climbing and social sinking. Finally, literacy is the main reason of this social mobility shifting. Keywords: Literacy, social mobility]]>
<![CDATA[IDENTITY CHANGE OF CHARACTERS IN GASTON LEROUX’S THE MYSTERY OF THE YELLOW ROOM ]]>
<![CDATA[Ilham Gusti Permana]]>
<![CDATA[ LITERA KULTURA : Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies Vol 9 No 2 (2021): August ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Surabaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.26740/lk.v9i2.43301
<![CDATA[Abstract This research aims to present a description of the three characters’ identities named Ballmeyer, Joseph Jasphine, and Nona Mathilde Stangerson. It describes the relationship between the identity changes of the three characters depicted in the story. This reseach also describes the factors that cause a person to change his identity. The theory used is meth, namely the theory of direct definition and indirect presentation, using two method approaches, intrinsic and extrinsic approaches. The conclusion of this study shows that the two main male characters experience several changes in their identities while one female character does not experience changes in identity. Keywords: Mystery, Yellow, Room, Identity, Pergantian Identitas, Characters]]>
<![CDATA[The Domination of Lady Macbeth in William Shakespeare’s Macbeth ]]>
<![CDATA[Putera Karuniawan]]>
<![CDATA[ LITERA KULTURA : Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies Vol 9 No 2 (2021): August ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Surabaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.26740/lk.v9i2.44082
<![CDATA[Abstract In this scientific article analyzed a classic literary work of William Shakespeare's Macbeth using Sidanius Prato's social dominance theory which described the dominance of a female figure carried out by Lady Macbeth on King Macbeth power before and after being king in Scotland. And also the theory of supporting abjections according to Julia Kristeva who describes the identity that tries to break away from a pattern of a deviant community life that is described by the appointment of Lady Macbeth and King Macbeth, and the last theory of Sigmund Freud about psychosexual (castration anxiety and penis envy) to be able to support the broader domination of figures The woman concerned with social dominance at the appointment of women and men. Analysis In this article only focuses on two figures namely Lady Macbeth and King Macbeth. The conclusion in this article is where Lady Macbeth is able to teach and affect all decisions and actions of a King Macbeth.]]>
<![CDATA[The Social Class in 1984 ]]>
<![CDATA[Andika Aliyansah Putra]]>
<![CDATA[ LITERA KULTURA : Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies Vol 9 No 2 (2021): August ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Surabaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.26740/lk.v9i2.35954
<![CDATA[Abstract This study analyzes the depiction of social class in George Orwell's 1984 novel. The discussion will focus on how the depiction of social class and social class as a trigger for rebellion by Winston Smith as the main character in the novel. Winston Smith as a party member who works for Big Brother wants to rebel secretly. Winston is not alone; he meets Julia who has the same desire as Winston. Referring to the problem, this thesis explains two problems about: (1) The depiction of social class in the 1984 novel and (2) Social class triggers Winston's rebellion. This article uses the supporting theory of Marxism by Karl Marx and rebellion Key words: Rebellion, Marxism by Karl Marx, social class]]>
<![CDATA[AUDIENCE RECEPTION ANALYSIS OF ELSA’S LEADERSHIP IN DISNEY’S FROZEN 2 ]]>
<![CDATA[Yunia Anindya]]>
<![CDATA[ LITERA KULTURA : Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies Vol 9 No 2 (2021): August ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Surabaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.26740/lk.v9i2.40901
<![CDATA[This study explores Elsa’s character that portrays women’s leadership from the audience’s perspectives by using an audience reception theory by Stuart Hall to analyze the data collected. There are three positions by using Stuart Hall’s Encoding – Decoding concepts, such as dominant, negotiated, and oppositional positions. This study shows that almost all respondents are in dominant positions, which agree with Frozen 2’s ideology of Elsa’s character regarding women’s leadership. This study can explore the study that focuses on women’s leadership. The main part of the research includes audience reception since the audience reception approach could gain new insight from many different views. Keywords: audience reception, women’s leadership, Disney]]>
<![CDATA[Literacy as Danger in George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four ]]>
<![CDATA[Edwin Anugerah Pradana]]>
<![CDATA[ LITERA KULTURA : Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies Vol 9 No 2 (2021): August ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Surabaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.26740/lk.v9i2.41157
<![CDATA[Literacy has always being considered to be empowering for some people. However, literacy can also serve as danger. This study aims to reveal how Winston Smith as the main character in George Orwell‘s Nineteen Eightyfouruses reading and writing activities that brings danger to the character‘s life. Employing Marxism approach in rebellion and New Literacy Studies concept of literacy as social practice, this study reveals that Winston Smith carries out various readings and writings activities which considered as danger to his life. Literacy in the novel Nineteen Eighty-four can be categorized as a dangerous literacy process that leads to rebellion process of Winston Smith. First, the literacy process carried out by Winston Smith's character is illustrated by the emergence to write a diary which is actually considered as a prohibited activity in his country. Second, the danger of literacy process in the form of reading appears an option to rebel, emerged and brought by a book entitled Oligarchy Theory and Practice of Collectivism, which was written by a rebellious figure named Emmanuel Goldstein. Winston Smith uses those practices to rebel against his country for the abuse of power. This rebellion leads to a danger in which the main character, Winston Smith, is punished.]]>
<![CDATA[A Portrayal of Toxic Masculinity in Thanos’s Avengers: Endgame ]]>
<![CDATA[Nada Novita Sinta Uli Siagian]]>
<![CDATA[ LITERA KULTURA : Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies Vol 9 No 2 (2021): August ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Surabaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.26740/lk.v9i2.42188
<![CDATA[Toxic masculinity is one of the most popular issues related to men in society. One of the factors of toxic masculinity is that men tend to be selfish when they feel better than other men or women in their society. In the Avengers: Endgame, the movie presents human’s war against the villain whose utilization of power to rule the world to attain victory and bring peace to the world by destroying half of the humans. This study used the theory of toxic masculinity by Terry A Kupers so that the toxic masculinity issue can be seen from one of the characters in Avengers: Endgame. Secondly, the researcher attached three steps of power theory by Gaventa’s Theory of Power as the character’s medium to support the relationship between toxic masculinity and power. Next, the researcher focused on one of the villain characters called Thanos, who is identified as the toxic masculinity representation. Qualitative descriptive was the primary method. Then the researcher collected the data by watched the movie, analysed the previous studies, and focused on the dialogue containing direct or indirect toxic masculinity issues. This study explores the features of Toxic Masculinity as portrayed by Thanos and explains the relation of power and toxic masculinity. This study reveals that toxic masculinity leads men to destruction.]]>
<![CDATA[Discrimination between Sexes in "On the Basis of Sex" by Mimi Leder ]]>
<![CDATA[Annisa Firdausy]]>
<![CDATA[ LITERA KULTURA : Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies Vol 9 No 3 (2021): December ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Surabaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.26740/lk.v9i3.43344
<![CDATA[This paper discussed gender discrimination between men and women in Mimi Leder's "On the Basis of Sex (2018)" movie using the Marxist feminism perspective. Gender discrimination describes how women and men treated unequally in various aspects. “On the Basis of Sex” revealed how women demonstrate the equal treatment of men and women in all spheres. In the movie, a female lawyer got a case about denying tax deduction to a man petitioner. She understands that it can revolutionize her career. By using a theory of Marxist Feminism by Simone De Beauvoir, it helped to achieve this study’s aim. Beauvoir represented that women are independent through being feminists. This study used textual and film visual analysis in following discussions; women being degraded sexually and professionally, and factors that support woman to fight against gender discrimination. From the analysis, women are able to prove that through her struggle, she gets equal rights. Women's equality is the biggest problem in women's lives. Those continue to be limited by discrimination and social inequality.]]>
<![CDATA[Woman and the Conservation of Nature in Erin Brockovich Film ]]>
<![CDATA[Fitri Yuniar Santoso]]>
<![CDATA[ LITERA KULTURA : Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies Vol 9 No 2 (2021): August ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[The English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Surabaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.26740/lk.v9i2.45059
<![CDATA[This study analyzed the environmental movement to preserve the nature by an ecofeminist in a movie entitled Erin Brockovich directed by Steven Soderbergh (2000). The study focused on the main character of the film, who represented herself as an ecofeminist. This study used the theory of ecofeminism by Vandana Shiva (1998) and mixed it with the cinematography theory by Heiderich. Moreover, this study also accomodated the power relation theory by Foucault as the supporting theory. Identifying the connectedness between woman and nature shown by Erin Brockovich’s actions in the film is the purpose of this study. The research revealed the impacts of natural conservation carried out by Erin Brockovich due to her response to natural destruction, which is triggered by a relation of power among institutions, government, and agencies that are represented by male domination. The research utilized Shiva’s arguments on the relationship of those elements in the movie. The sources of the study were taken from the film and the script of the film. The result of this study provided a conclusion that nature is in great suffer due to the exploitation, destruction, vandalism which were done by government, institutions, and some agencies. They are considered to be patriarchy chain reaction. Keywords: ecofeminism, destruction, conservation, power relation.]]>
