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Golden Ratio of Auditing Research
Published by Manunggal Halim Jaya
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27766373     DOI : https://doi.org/10.52970/grar
Core Subject : Economy, Social,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Social Sciences
Golden Ratio of Auditing Research (GRAR) aims to advance knowledge in auditing by publishing critiques, thought leadership papers, and literature reviews on specific aspects of auditing. The journal seeks to publish articles that have international appeal either due to the topic transcending national frontiers or due to the clear potential for readers to apply the results or ideas in their local environments. While articles must be methodologically and theoretically sound, any research orientation is acceptable. This means that papers may have an analytical and statistical, behavioral, economic and financial (including agency), sociological, critical, or historical basis. The editors consider articles for publication that fit into one or more of the following subject categories: • Financial statement audits • Public sector/governmental auditing • Internal auditing • Audit education and methods of teaching auditing (including case studies) • Audit aspects of corporate governance, including audit committees • Audit quality • Audit fees and related issues • Environmental, social, and sustainability audits • Audit related ethical issues • Audit regulation • Independence issues • Legal liability and other legal issues • Auditing history • New and emerging audit and assurance issues With its outstanding editorial board, Golden Ratio of Auditing Research (GRAR) global perspectives on auditing make it accessible and relevant to practitioners and researchers across the world, while its coverage of the entire spectrum of auditing issues addresses the audit challenges of today and tomorrow.
Arjuna Subject : Bisnis, Menejemen, dan Akutansi (semua kategori) - Akuntansi
Articles 9 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): February - June" : 9 Documents clear
Optimization of Village Fund Management in Pasar V Village, Indonesia Susanda, Nori; Juniati, Ipah Ema; Fatimah, Fatia
Golden Ratio of Auditing Research Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): February - June
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grar.v6i2.167

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the management of Village Funds in Pasar V Natal Village in accordance with the Indonesian Minister of Home Affairs Regulations Number 20 of 2018 and 2020. The evaluation focuses on the stages of planning, implementation, administration, reporting, and accountability, and analyzes how they can be optimized to achieve outputs, outcomes, and impacts. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. Primary data was collected through in-depth interviews with key informants (Village Head, Head of the Village Consultative Body (BPD), Financial Officer, Community Section Head, Community Leader, and a representative from the Community Empowerment Agency) and direct observation. Secondary data was obtained from document studies of the Village Budget (APBDes), financial reports, and relevant regulations. Data analysis was conducted interactively (data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing) and validated through triangulation of sources and methods. The results indicate that the management of Village Funds in Pasar V Natal Village has been carried out in accordance with regulations in an administrative sense. All stages were executed in accordance with the principles of transparency and accountability, as evidenced by Village Deliberations (Musdes), public information boards, and tiered reporting. The outputs generated include infrastructure development (farm access roads and clean water facilities) and empowerment programs (MSME training and cash-for-work). The outcomes include improved quality of life, reduced unemployment rates, and increased Village Development Index (IDM) status. The long-term impact, beginning to emerge, is the strengthening of the local economy and of village self-reliance.
Fair Value and Audit Fees: The Moderating Effect of Auditor Industry Specialization in IDX-Listed Financial Firms Rahmawati, Aulia; Ahzar, Fahri Ali; Wardhani, Marita Kusuma; Aligarh, Frank
Golden Ratio of Auditing Research Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): February - June
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grar.v6i2.1723

Abstract

This research examines the influence of fair value measurement on audit fees and the moderating role of auditor industry specialization. The study covers all firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, from which 955 entities were screened, and 45 firms meeting the criteria were selected using purposive sampling. A total of 135 firm-year observations were analyzed using the Random Effects Model (REM) in EViews. The findings indicate that fair value measurement is associated with higher audit fees due to greater estimation uncertainty and more intensive audit procedures, especially for complex valuation levels. Auditor industry specialization, measured through both market-based and portfolio-based indicators, also plays a significant role and strengthens the effect of fair value measurement on audit fees. The study highlights that specialized auditors respond differently depending on their experience and portfolio, intensifying the impact of fair value practices. Addressing limited evidence from emerging markets, this research clarifies how valuation complexity interacts with auditor expertise in shaping audit pricing. Practical implications arise for auditors, firms, and regulators in planning and transparency.
Implementation of a Digital Accounting System to Increase the Efficiency of Financial Reports in MSMEs in Gowa Regency, Indonesia Tawakkal, Ujianti; Sudirman, S.; Supiati, S.
Golden Ratio of Auditing Research Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): February - June
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grar.v6i2.1815

Abstract

This research aims to determine the implementation of digital accounting systems on the increase of financial report efficiency in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Gowa Regency. The study employs a quantitative method using simple regression analysis to investigate how the application of digital accounting systems impacts the efficiency of financial reports among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Gowa Regency. Data were collected from 45 SME respondents using instruments that had been tested and proven to be valid and reliable. The results of the regression analysis show a positive and significant relationship between the increase in financial report efficiency and the implementation of digital accounting systems. A correlation coefficient (R) value of 0.661 indicates a strong relationship, and the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.436 suggests that the increase in financial report efficiency accounts for 43.6% of the variation in the implementation of digital accounting systems. Other factors influence the remaining variation. The model's feasibility was validated by the ANOVA test (F=33.306; Sig. =0.000). According to the regression coefficient (B=0.523), a one-unit increase in financial report efficiency will result in a 0.523-unit increase in the implementation of the digital accounting system. The findings indicate that SMEs' perception of efficiency benefits, such as ease of decision-making, accuracy, and data speed, is the primary factor driving the adoption of digital accounting systems. However, successful implementation relies heavily on four factors: the ability to use the application, understanding of financial reports, ease of system access, and technological support.
Cost and Performance Analysis of Logistics on E-Commerce Platforms: A Management Accounting Approach to Industrial Operational Efficiency Zainal, Faisal Rizal; R, Rahmawati; Uluputty, Nurdjanna Fadjrin; Ilyas, Eka Novianti Irna Bata; Putri , Nur Vadila
Golden Ratio of Auditing Research Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): February - June
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grar.v6i2.1819

Abstract

This study examines logistics cost structures and logistics performance on e-commerce platforms from a management accounting perspective to understand their implications for industrial operational efficiency. Using a qualitative literature-based research approach, the study systematically reviews recent peer-reviewed publications in the fields of e-commerce logistics, supply chain management, and management accounting, and synthesizes them through thematic analysis. The findings indicate that logistics costs in e-commerce environments are predominantly activity-driven, highly variable, and concentrated in warehousing, last-mile delivery, and reverse logistics, where service-level requirements strongly influence cost behavior. The analysis further reveals that logistics performance indicators—particularly delivery reliability, fulfillment accuracy, and return processing efficiency—play a critical role in converting cost management efforts into operational efficiency outcomes. Moreover, the study highlights that management accounting systems integrating activity-based costing and multidimensional performance measurement provide superior cost visibility and support strategic decision-making in complex logistics networks. Overall, the research contributes to the literature by conceptualizing industrial operational efficiency as the result of effective alignment between logistics cost management and performance measurement, rather than cost minimization alone, and offers insights relevant to both academic inquiry and managerial practice in digital commerce environments.
Integration of Green Accounting, Sustainability Disclosure, and Stakeholder Engagement on Company Performance Ningrum, Ayu Lestari Setia; Hendarmin, Rum; Pebriani, Reny Aziatul
Golden Ratio of Auditing Research Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): February - June
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grar.v6i2.1855

Abstract

This study analyzes the effects of green accounting integration, sustainability disclosure, and stakeholder engagement on company performance in the basic and chemical sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2019-2023. Data were collected from 10 companies that consistently published sustainability reports for 5 years, yielding 50 report samples. Data analysis used multiple linear regression to test the effect of each variable. The results showed that green accounting integration had no effect on company performance with a significance value of 0.154 (>0.05). Sustainability disclosure also did not affect company performance, with a significance value of 0.824 (>0.05). Meanwhile, stakeholder engagement had an effect on company performance with a significance value of 0.001 (<0.05). Simultaneously, the three variables had a significant effect on company performance, with a significance value of 0.006 (<0.05) and an F table of 2.806, indicating that F count > F table (4.733 > 2.806), suggesting that the independent variables could explain variations in company performance. This research provides empirical evidence that sustainability practices such as green accounting and sustainability disclosure can improve company performance. However, stakeholder engagement requires a more integrated strategic approach to achieve significant impact. These results can guide company managers in designing effective sustainability policies.
Audit Quality and its Effect on the Financial Performance of the Firm: A Case Study of Pakistan Javed, Muhammad Naveed; Ahmad, Ashfaq; Iqbal, Asad; Waseem Qadri
Golden Ratio of Auditing Research Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): February - June
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grar.v6i2.1922

Abstract

The paper investigates the role of audit committee characteristics in a firm's financial performance. During the ongoing economic recession and the world financial crisis, the corporate governance systems are quite notorious. The audit committee represents one of the most important aspects of efficient corporate governance in companies. In Pakistan, little evidence exists on the effects of audit committees and their attributes on firm performance in the Pakistani literature. Four key characteristics of the audit committee were defined to examine their influence on the company's financial performance: independence, activity, size, and quality of the external audit. The researchers used Tobin's Q to quantify the market and ROA to quantify the accounting business. The panel data analysis showed that the size of the audit committee and the quality of the external audit positively and statistically significantly affect Return on Assets (ROA) and Tobin's Q. Two more variables, including audit committee independence and AC activity, also do not lead to any significant effect, and this can also be seen through the results of the jurisdiction studies that have been conducted in different countries. Essentially, the study has provided valuable information to regulators, policymakers, and stakeholders in Pakistan regarding the adoption of specific audit committee qualities. Incorporating these qualities can improve firms' financial performance. To determine whether the corporation's performance has improved, the audit committee's skills can be used to gather information at the company's administrative level.
Do ESG Score and Cash Holding Drive Firm Value? Insights from Institutional Ownership in Indonesia Alfriansyach, Reza Virly; Arsjah, Regina Jansen
Golden Ratio of Auditing Research Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): February - June
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grar.v6i2.1966

Abstract

This study examines the effect of ESG score and cash holding on firm value, as well as the moderating role of institutional ownership, using a sample of 91 energy companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2021–2024. ESG performance is measured through content analysis based on 93 GRI disclosure indicators. At the same time, firm value is proxied by Tobin's Q. Using unbalanced panel data and Random Effects Model estimation, the findings reveal that ESG scores do not significantly influence firm value, indicating that the Indonesian capital market has not yet fully valued sustainability initiatives as a driver of corporate value. In contrast, cash holding demonstrates a strong positive effect, suggesting that liquidity remains a critical financial signal in the energy sector, which is characterized by high volatility and substantial investment needs. The moderating analyses show that institutional ownership does not strengthen the ESG value relationship and even weakens the positive impact of cash holding on firm value, reflecting the passive monitoring role of institutional investors in emerging markets. Overall, the study provides empirical evidence that firm value in Indonesia is more sensitive to financial fundamentals than sustainability practices, while external governance mechanisms remain limited in effectiveness. These insights contribute to the corporate governance and sustainable finance literature and offer practical implications for companies, investors, and regulators regarding the strategic integration of ESG and financial policies.
Examining the Role of Gender Diversity, Foreign Ownership, and Slack Resources in Driving CSR Disclosure: Evidence from Indonesia's Energy Sector Dewi, Shiva Karlina; Hilal, Syamsul; Rosilawati, Weny
Golden Ratio of Auditing Research Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): February - June
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grar.v6i2.1983

Abstract

Transparency through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure has become a critical issue in the energy sector, which often faces public scrutiny regarding its environmental and social impacts. However, the internal factors that drive energy companies in Indonesia to enhance their CSR disclosure remain underexplored. This study aims to analyze the influence of gender diversity in management, foreign ownership, and organizational slack resources on the extent of CSR disclosure in energy sector companies. This study employs a quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from annual reports and sustainability reports of energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2021–2024. A total of 16 companies met the sample selection criteria, resulting in 48 observational data points. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS 25.0 software. The results show that all three independent variables have a positive and significant effect on CSR disclosure. Gender diversity has a t-value of 4.454 with a significance of 0.000, foreign ownership has a t-value of 4.737 with a significance of 0.000, and slack resources has a t-value of 8.376 with a significance of 0.000. Simultaneously, these three variables significantly influence CSR disclosure, with an F-value of 82.447 and a significance of 0.000. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.849 indicates that 84.9% of the variation in CSR disclosure can be explained by gender diversity, foreign ownership, and slack resources. These findings confirm stakeholder theory, suggesting that pressure from stakeholders and the availability of resources encourage companies to be more transparent and socially responsible. This study provides practical implications for energy sector management to strengthen gender diversity policies at the managerial level and optimize resource allocation to improve the quality of sustainability reporting. Furthermore, the results offer insights for regulators in formulating policies that promote CSR transparency in the energy sector.
The Effect of Good Corporate Governance Structure, Company Size, and Profitability on Audit Delay in Manufacturing Companies: Empirical Study from the F&B Sub-Sector on IDX Parawangsa, Ai Hopipah; Arsalan, Syakieb
Golden Ratio of Auditing Research Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): February - June
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grar.v6i2.1995

Abstract

This study employs a descriptive, quantitative approach, drawing on secondary data from audited financial statements and annual reports. The research sample was selected using a purposive sampling method, comprising 37 companies and 111 observations. GCG structure was measured using the independent board of commissioners, audit committee, and institutional ownership; company size was measured using the natural logarithm of total assets; and profitability was measured using Return on Assets (ROA). Audit delay was measured as the number of days between the end of the fiscal year and the date of the independent auditor's report. The results indicate that the GCG structure had no significant effect on audit delay. Company size had a positive effect on audit delay, while profitability had a negative and significant effect. These findings indicate that company characteristics, particularly size and profitability, play a greater role in determining audit timeliness than GCG structure. This study is expected to provide practical implications for management and auditors in improving the efficiency and timeliness of audit completion.

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