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Jurnal Pijar MIPA
Published by Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 19071744     EISSN : 24601500     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Mathematics Physics
Jurnal Pijar MIPA (e-ISSN: 2460-1500 & p-ISSN: 1907-1744) is an open-access scientific periodical journal published by the Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA publishes original articles on current issues and trends in mathematics-science-science education studies. In addition, this journal addresses issues concerning environmental education and environmental science. The journal scopes are: a. Physics and Physics Education b. Chemistry and Chemistry Education c. Biology and Biology Education d. Natural Science and Science Education e. Mathematics and Mathematics Education f. Environmental and Environmental Education
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 1,283 Documents
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Formulation and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Bar Herbal Soap with Cinnamon Bark Powder Neny Sandrawati; Fivit Andriani; Yuni Mala Sari; Della Rosalynna Stiadi; Anggela Marta Tasman
Jurnal Pijar MIPA Vol. 21 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i3.11963

Abstract

Soap is an essential personal care product that not only cleanses the skin but can also provide additional health benefits, such as antibacterial protection. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum sp.) contains bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenolics, and cinnamaldehyde, which have demonstrated antibacterial activity. This study aims to formulate and evaluate a solid herbal soap containing cinnamon bark powder at different concentrations, and to assess its physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The methods used include soap production via saponification of oil and an alkali base, followed by the addition of cinnamon bark powder as the active ingredient. The evaluation included organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, and foam stability tests to assess the formulation's physical and chemical quality. The antibacterial activity of the cinnamon herbal soap was tested against Staphylococcus aureus using the agar diffusion method with three replicates. The results showed that the herbal solid soap was stable and homogeneous, meeting the physical and chemical requirements for soap. The antibacterial test showed the formation of inhibition zones with diameters of 9.33 ± 0.58 mm, 10.08 ± 1.13 mm, and 11.67 ± 1.44 mm at test concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30% w/v, respectively. These findings indicate that the cinnamon bark- based herbal soap has potential as a natural antibacterial cleansing product. Further optimization is required to enhance product quality, long-term stability, and safety.
Analysis of the Design and Feasibility of Volta Drive Connect as a Renewable Energy-Based Science Media to Strengthen the Pancasila Students’ Profile Khaerini Rahmania; Nasokah Nasokah; Ashief El Qorny
Jurnal Pijar MIPA Vol. 21 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i3.11964

Abstract

Science learning on renewable energy concepts in elementary schools today is often theoretical, conventional, and lacks contextual hands-on experience for students. This study aims to comprehensively describe the physical design characteristics of a renewable energy-based science learning media called Volta Drive Connect, analyze its technical and instructional feasibility level, and explore its potential in depth in strengthening the dimensions of the Pancasila Student Profile (PPP). The method used in this study is a mixed-methods approach with a convergent parallel design, in which data are collected simultaneously through passive participatory observation of classroom learning dynamics, semi-structured interviews with teachers and grade IV students at Kakuka National Elementary School, and documentation of artefacts of student learning outcomes in the field. The results of the study showed that the Volta Drive Connect science media met the excellent eligibility criteria for children's work safety, ease of operation, clarity of visual guide instructions, and educational practical value in the classroom, with an average expert-rated validity of 92%. This solar vehicle science teaching kit is designed adaptively, which is divided into three levels of mechanical complexity (Beginner, Intermediate and Advanced) and utilizes local inorganic recycled materials as the main chassis component. From the pedagogical side of the Independent Curriculum, the use of concrete media is actually able to actualize the dimensions of the Pancasila Student Profile holistically. The actualization includes the dimensions of 'Faith and Fear of God Almighty, and Noble Character' which is stimulated through the growth of ecological awareness, the dimensions of 'Critical Reasoning' and 'Creative' which are honed through solar energy conversion experiments and mechanical troubleshooting activities independently, as well as the dimension of 'Gotong Royong' which is formed from collaboration in solving technical problems in groups.
Development of an E-Module Assisted by Augmented Reality on Digestive System Material to Improve Elementary Students' Critical Thinking Skills Adinda Zulfa Kamila; Aldina Eka Andriani
Jurnal Pijar MIPA Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): in Progress
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i4.11970

Abstract

Digital teaching materials, such as e-modules in basic science that utilise technology, have not yet been implemented in learning, resulting in 56% of students having low critical thinking skills. This study aims to describe the development design and to test the feasibility and effectiveness of an Augmented Reality-assisted e-module to improve the critical thinking skills of V-grade students at SDN Pendrikan Lor 03, Semarang City. This type of research is Research & Development (R&D) with the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The research subjects were 25 V-grade students. The data collection technique used non-test methods (observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation) and test methods (pretest and posttest). The data analysis technique used normality tests, homogeneity tests, t-tests, and N-Gain tests. The feasibility of the e-module assisted by Augmented Reality is proven by the assessment of the material expert validator of 91% and the media expert validator of 95% in the very feasible category, supported by the results of the teacher response questionnaire analysis of 92.5% and the student response questionnaire of 90.3% in the very feasible category. The effectiveness of the e-module assisted by Augmented Reality is evidenced by an increase in pretest and posttest scores of 20.26, supported by a t-test result of 0.000, and an N-Gain score of 0.5314, which falls within the medium range. The research on the e-module assisted by Augmented Reality for the digestive system material was successfully developed, is very feasible, and is effective in improving the critical thinking skills of V-grade students at SDN Pendrikan Lor 03, Semarang City.
Analysis of Seawater Quality in Seaweed Farming Areas of Labuhan Kertasari Village, West Sumbawa Regency Anang Fajrin; Abdul Rahman
Jurnal Pijar MIPA Vol. 21 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i3.11973

Abstract

Seawater quality is a key factor determining the success of seaweed cultivation. Unsuitable water quality conditions can lead to reduced productivity or even the failure of seaweed cultivation. This study aims to analyze seawater quality at a seaweed cultivation site in Labuhan Kertasari Village, West Sumbawa Regency, to identify the factors causing cultivation failures that have occurred over the past year. Water quality is a critical factor influencing seaweed growth and productivity; therefore, a comprehensive evaluation of the water’s physical and chemical parameters is necessary. The research method used was quantitative descriptive, with sampling conducted at three horizontal points along a ±1 km stretch, each repeated three times. The parameters analyzed included temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, turbidity, current velocity, nitrate, and phosphate, measured in situ and through laboratory analysis. The results of the study indicate that most water quality parameters remain within the optimal range for seaweed cultivation, namely temperature 28–30°C, salinity 31–34 ppt, DO 4.2–6 mg/L, pH 6.4–8.2, turbidity 50–210 cm, current velocity 0.35–0.43 m/s, and phosphate at 0.03 mg/L, so that, in general, water conditions still support seaweed growth. However, nitrate levels were not detected at any sampling site, indicating low availability of nitrogen nutrients in the water. This suggests a potential nutrient limitation that could affect seaweed growth. Therefore, further analysis is needed regarding the role of nitrate nutrients in seaweed growth in Labuhan Kertasari Village. In addition, nutrient management strategies and regular water quality monitoring are needed to improve the success of seaweed aquaculture in the future.
Development of Volta Drive Connect Media to Strengthen Energy Literacy of Elementary School Students Firnanda Millatin Afina; Ahmad Khoiri; Vava Imam Agus Faisal
Jurnal Pijar MIPA Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): in Progress
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i4.12015

Abstract

Science learning in elementary school often faces obstacles in conveying abstract concepts such as energy transformation, so it requires concrete learning media. This research aims to develop Volta Drive Connect, a project-based science teaching kit in the form of a solar-powered toy car, and to test its feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness in improving students' energy literacy. Using the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model, this research was conducted with grade IV students at SD Nasional Kakuka and SD Negeri Simbarejo. The results of expert validation show that the design of the materials and media is highly feasible. In the effectiveness test, Volta Drive Connect proved to be significant in improving students' energy literacy. This was demonstrated by the paired-samples t-test (p<0.05), indicating an increase in the average score from 66.8 to 78.3. The use of this media not only motivates students and increases environmental awareness but is also aligned with the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In practice, this media provides an alternative innovative solution for teachers in facilitating student-centered basic science learning. In addition, the implementation of Volta Drive Connect encourages students to actively participate in learning through hands-on experimentation and collaborative activities. Students are involved in assembling and testing solar-powered toy cars, allowing them to understand the concept of energy transformation through real-world experiences. It also supports the development of science process skills, such as observation, problem-solving, and teamwork, which are important competencies in basic science education. Therefore, Volta Drive Connect not only contributes to improving students' conceptual understanding of energy but also to fostering positive attitudes towards renewable energy and sustainable environmental practices.
Implementation of Virtual Laboratory-Based Interactive Learning Media for Students' Science Literacy Skills on Temperature and Heat Material Perlis Tantalama; Tirtawaty Abdjul; Nurhayati Nurhayati; Abdul Haris Odja; Mohammad Yusuf
Jurnal Pijar MIPA Vol. 21 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i3.12050

Abstract

The low scientific literacy of students in Indonesia is caused by the monotonous learning process that makes students bored with learning. This study aims to determine the effect of a virtual laboratory based on PhET simulation on students' scientific literacy in temperature and heat. This study used a quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control-group design with two experimental and two control classes of seventh-grade students during the 2025/2026 academic year. Data were collected using pre-test and post-test scientific literacy instruments. The results of the independent-samples t-test showed a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a significant effect of the virtual laboratory on students' scientific literacy. In addition, the N-Gain analysis showed that the control class was in the low category (0.17 and 0.14), while the experimental class was in the medium category (0.63). The uniqueness of this study lies in integrating a virtual laboratory based on PhET simulations with scientific literacy indicators in teaching temperature and heat. These findings indicate that virtual laboratory media can effectively improve students' scientific literacy. PhET simulation-based virtual laboratories can serve as an effective technology-enhanced learning tool to improve students' scientific literacy, particularly in understanding temperature and heat concepts in junior high school science education.
Analysis of Total Flavonoid Content in Local Kalimantan Plants and Antioxidant Activity: A Review Nabilla Faoziyyah Azizah; Wildan Hidayah; Risa Dwi Apriani; Dia Septiani
Jurnal Pijar MIPA Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): in Progress
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i4.9798

Abstract

Flavonoids are one of the largest groups of compounds in the natural phenol group that are widely found in all types of green plants, so they are almost always found in every analysis of plant extracts. Meanwhile, antioxidants are inhibitors used to inhibit the autooxidation process. Flavonoids have the ability to act as antioxidants because they can transfer electrons, so they can neutralize free radicals. This review identifies the levels of flavonoids and antioxidant activity of local Kalimantan plants, utilizing half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values as a standardized quantitative parameter for assessing antioxidant potency and identifying promising sources of natural antioxidants. The maceration extraction method with ethanol at concentrations of 70% and 96% was used to obtain active compounds, and antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH method. The results showed that several species, such as Bajakah Kalalawit (Uncaria cordata) and Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa), had very low IC50 values, namely 9.159 ppm and 14.06 μg/mL, indicating very strong antioxidant activity. Thus, local Kalimantan plants have great potential as a source of natural antioxidants and could be developed as raw materials for antioxidant-based health products. The findings of this review offer comprehensive evidence to guide future research, standardization, and commercialization of indigenous Kalimantan plants for the development of effective and sustainable natural antioxidant products.
Phytochemical Screening and Total Flavonoid Content of the Combined Ethanol Extract of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Rhizome and Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Root Anak Agung Istri Mas Padmiswari; Nadya Treesna Wulansari; Kadek Buja Harditya
Jurnal Pijar MIPA Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): in Progress
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i4.11956

Abstract

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and ginseng (Panax ginseng) are medicinal plants with high antioxidant potential due to their rich phytochemical constituents; however, the synergistic effect of their combined extraction has not been fully explored. This study aimed to identify the secondary metabolite profile and determine the total flavonoid content of the combined ethanolic extract of turmeric rhizome and ginseng root at a 1:1 ratio. Extraction was performed using the maceration method with 96% ethanol. Qualitative phytochemical screening was conducted to identify major secondary metabolites, while total flavonoid content was measured using the aluminium chloride (AlCl₃) colourimetric method by UV-Vis spectrophotometry at 415 nm with quercetin as the standard. All measurements were carried out in triplicate and analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD post hoc test. The phytochemical screening showed positive results for flavonoids, saponins, tannins/phenolics, and triterpenoids. The combined extract exhibited a total flavonoid content of 48.65 ± 1.2 mg QE/g extract, which was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the single turmeric extract (41.05 ± 0.9 mg QE/g) and the single ginseng extract (27.59 ± 0.7 mg QE/g). These findings indicate a synergistic interaction during co-maceration that enhanced flavonoid yield. In conclusion, the combined formulation improved the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds and provides a scientific basis for the development of standardized phytopharmaceutical raw materials. Further in vivo studies are recommended to evaluate its therapeutic and neuroprotective potential.
Implementation of Project-Based Simple Science Media in Science Learning: Strengthening Mutual Cooperation, Critical, and Creative Reasoning of Elementary School Students Farah Nailis Saniyyah; Nasokah Nasokah; Ashief El-Qorny
Jurnal Pijar MIPA Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): in Progress
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i4.11965

Abstract

Social studies learning in the Independent Curriculum requires a contextual, participatory, and oriented learning experience that strengthens the Pancasila Student Profile. However, learning practices in elementary schools still tend to be dominated by conventional approaches, so that students' active involvement in understanding science concepts and developing character is not optimal.  This study aims to describe the implementation of project-based science media through Volta Drive Connect, analyze student responses, and strengthen the three-dimensional Pancasila Student Profile in science learning. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with 18 grade IV students of Kakuka National Elementary School. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis uses the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing and verification. The results showed that implementing Volta Drive Connect encouraged active student involvement throughout the learning process. Indicators of mutual cooperation are evident in the sharing of roles during collaborative assembly, discussion, retrying, and problem-solving activities. The indicators of mutual cooperation were evident in group cooperation (88.9%), role sharing (77.8%), and mutual help (83.3%). Critical reasoning indicators were seen through the ability to ask questions 66.7%, analyze problems 72.2%, and draw conclusions 61.1%. Meanwhile, creative indicators emerged in the ability to generate ideas (72.2%), try alternative solutions (83.3%), and modify the results of work (55.6%). The novelty of this research lies in the use of simple science media that connect the concept of energy to daily life and also show the strengthening of students' character that develops during the learning process. Thus, project-based simple science media can be an alternative to IPAS learning that is contextual and meaningful, and that supports the strengthening of the Pancasila Student Profile.
Implementation of a PBL Model Based on a Process Differentiation Approach to Improve High School Students’ Problem-Solving Skills in the Topic of Static Fluids Karimah Fajriani; Lina Aviyanti; Winny Liliawati
Jurnal Pijar MIPA Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): in Progress
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i4.12031

Abstract

Problem-solving skills are considered essential competencies in 21st-century physics education, yet many students experience difficulties in solving physics problems effectively. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of applying a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model integrated with a process differentiation approach in enhancing senior high school students’ problem-solving skills on the topic of static fluids. The study employed a quantitative quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group format. Participants consisted of 68 eleventh-grade students from a public senior high school in Bandung, divided into an experimental group and a control group. In the experimental class, process differentiation was implemented through varied learning activities tailored to students’ learning-style characteristics. Data were gathered through essay-based tests designed to measure problem-solving skills and were analyzed using N-Gain and Mann–Whitney tests. The findings revealed that students in the experimental class showed greater improvement, with an average N-Gain score of 0.51, compared to 0.31 in the control class. In addition, the calculated Cohen’s d value of 1.1 indicated a strong practical effect of the treatment. The results suggest that integrating process differentiation into the PBL model effectively improves students’ problem-solving skills in learning about static fluids. The findings contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the integration of differentiated instruction with Problem-Based Learning as an effective pedagogical approach for physics education.

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