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Jurnal Pijar MIPA
Published by Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 19071744     EISSN : 24601500     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Mathematics Physics
Jurnal Pijar MIPA (e-ISSN: 2460-1500 & p-ISSN: 1907-1744) is an open-access scientific periodical journal published by the Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA publishes original articles on current issues and trends in mathematics-science-science education studies. In addition, this journal addresses issues concerning environmental education and environmental science. The journal scopes are: a. Physics and Physics Education b. Chemistry and Chemistry Education c. Biology and Biology Education d. Natural Science and Science Education e. Mathematics and Mathematics Education f. Environmental and Environmental Education
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 1,283 Documents
 125   126   127   128   129 
Development of a Student Worksheet Based on a Three-Dimensional Thinking Graph to Support Students’ Critical Thinking Skills Nia Diniati; Afrida Afrida; Asmiyunda Asmiyunda; Kriswantoro Kriswantoro; Febbry Romundza
Jurnal Pijar MIPA Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): in Progress
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i4.12036

Abstract

Chemical bonding is a fundamental topic in chemistry that is often considered abstract and difficult for students to understand, resulting in low critical thinking skills. The lack of interactive and technology-based teaching materials further exacerbates this problem. Therefore, this study aims to develop an electronic student worksheet based on the Three-Dimensional Thinking Graph on chemical bonding and determine its feasibility in supporting students' critical thinking skills. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model limited to the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, expert validation sheets, teacher assessments, and student responses. The product was validated by two validators, material and media experts, and one expert in learning design and Problem-Based Learning. The product trial involved 10 students from class XII F1B at SMAN 11 Muaro Jambi, conducted through one-to-one and small-group tests. Data analysis techniques used percentage analysis and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the electronic student worksheet obtained a validation score of 92% from material and media experts and 88.57% from learning design experts, with the category of very feasible. Teacher assessments reached 91% and student responses were 86%, categorized as very good. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of concept maps, data tables, and reasoning maps in an interactive electronic student worksheet based on TDTG to systematically support the development of students' critical thinking skills. Thus, the developed electronic student worksheet is deemed feasible and has the potential to support more interactive and meaningful learning of chemical bonds.
Comparative Effect of Acetic Acid and Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) Extract on the Extraction and Characteristics of Chicken Skin Gelatin Mifta Hurahmi; Edi Saputra; Miftahul Khair
Jurnal Pijar MIPA Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): in Progress
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i4.12065

Abstract

Chicken skin is a potential halal collagen source for gelatin production, especially as an alternative to bovine and porcine gelatin. This study aimed to compare acetic acid and bilimbi fruit extract (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) as acid pretreatment agents for extracting gelatin from chicken skin. The novelty of this study lies in comparing a common food-grade acid with a local natural acid source for sustainable halal gelatin production from poultry by-products. Chicken skin was pretreated with 0.15% NaOH, soaked in acetic acid or bilimbi extract at 2%, 3%, and 4% (m/v) for 24 h, extracted at 65°C for 90 min, and dried at 55°C for 24 h. The gelatin was analyzed for yield, moisture content, ash content, pH, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation and analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test at p < 0.05. The results showed that gelatin yield ranged from 2.35 ± 0.04% to 10.65 ± 0.07%. Acetic acid produced higher yield than bilimbi extract at the same concentration. The best treatment was 4% acetic acid, which produced the highest yield (10.65 ± 0.07%), low moisture content (9.42 ± 0.08%), low ash content (1.48 ± 0.04%), and pH of 4.48 ± 0.02. FTIR analysis showed amide A, amide B, amide II, and amide III bands, indicating partial hydrolysis of collagen into gelatin. Although bilimbi extract showed lower extraction efficiency, it still has potential as a sustainable local acid source for halal gelatin extraction. These findings support the utilization of chicken skin and local natural resources for sustainable halal gelatin production.
Development of a Critical Thinking Skills Test Instrument Based on Rasch Modelling for Temperature and Heat Elmerita Dwi Agustin; Hera Novia; Raden Giovanni Ariantara
Jurnal Pijar MIPA Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): in Progress
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i4.12069

Abstract

Critical thinking skills are essential competencies in 21st-century physics learning. However, the availability of assessment instruments that accurately measure these skills remains limited, particularly for physics topics such as temperature and heat. Previous studies have rarely integrated Rasch modelling into the development of critical-thinking assessment instruments, particularly at the secondary school level. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and analyze the validity, reliability, and item fit of a critical thinking skills test instrument on temperature and heat topics using the Rasch model. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, comprising Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The instrument consisted of 20 multiple-choice items constructed from critical-thinking indicators. Content validity was analyzed using Aiken’s V, while empirical analysis was conducted using the Rasch model through Ministeps Software. The analysis included item reliability, person reliability, item fit, difficulty level, and unidimensionality. The results showed that the instrument achieved an average Aiken’s V value of 0.8068, indicating that the instrument met the content validity criteria. Rasch analysis revealed that the item reliability was 0.86, while the person reliability was 0.35. In addition, 19 items were categorized as fit, whereas one item was identified as a misfit and required revision. The instrument also met the unidimensionality requirement with a raw variance explained value of 22.7%. In conclusion, the developed instrument meets the criteria for validity, reliability, and item fit and is suitable for measuring students’ critical thinking skills on topics related to temperature and heat. The findings indicate that Rasch modelling can support the development of more objective and comprehensive assessment instruments for physics learning and classroom assessment practices.
Analysis of Metabolite Profile of Gambier Flower (Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb.) in Various Solvent Fractions Using LC-MS Arif Ferdian; Amri Bakhtiar; Suci Salwa Fitri Mustafa; Neny Sandrawati
Jurnal Pijar MIPA Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): in Progress
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i4.11982

Abstract

The gambier plant is known as a rich source of secondary metabolites with biological activities, including anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The leaves of the gambier plant are reported to contain flavonoids, including catechins, and tannins. This study aims to analyze the metabolite profile of gambier flowers using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Gambier flower samples were extracted by maceration using ethanol as the solvent. The resulting macerate was then fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The gambier flower extracts were tested for phytochemical content via thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and analyzed for secondary metabolite content via LC-MS for each fraction. TLC testing of the total extract yielded positive results for flavonoids, steroids, phenolics, and alkaloids. Analysis of the secondary metabolite profile of the total extract identified 6 compounds from the 14 compound chromatograms that appeared; the n-hexane extract showed 6 compounds successfully identified from a total of 20 compounds, the ethyl acetate extract showed 6 identified compounds from 17 compounds, and the n-butanol extract contained 7 known compounds from 35 compounds. From the metabolite profile analysis, it can be concluded that gambier flowers contain numerous bioactive compounds with potential for further development and can serve as a source of new knowledge in exploring plant potential. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first LC-MS-based metabolite profile of gambier flowers, an organ that has remained largely unexplored compared with the widely studied leaves; the flowers display a greater diversity of flavonoid glycosides and phenolic derivatives, highlighting their novelty and their promise as antioxidant-rich raw materials for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
Development of Augmented Reality-Based Flashcard Learning Media on Human Respiratory System Materials Meytania Najwa Putri Azzahra; Aldina Eka Andriani
Jurnal Pijar MIPA Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): in Progress
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i4.12070

Abstract

Teachers have not been optimal in developing technology-based learning media in the form of interactive games, so that student learning outcomes on human respiratory system materials in elementary schools are still low. This study aims to describe the design, feasibility, and effectiveness of Augmented Reality-based flashcards for improving the learning outcomes of grade V students on the human respiratory system. This research is a Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model, which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects amounted to 27 students in class V. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, questionnaires, documentation, and pretest and posttest assessments. Data were analyzed using normality tests, Paired Sample t-Test, and N-Gain tests. The flashcard media was developed using Canva and integrated with AR technology through the Assemblr Edu platform to support concrete and interactive visualization of concepts. Integrating AR-based flashcards into interactive edugames for elementary students. This Augmented Reality contains explanations of respiratory organs, organ functions, interesting facts, respiratory organ disorders, and human breathing mechanisms. The validation results showed that the media was highly feasible to use, with validation by material experts at 91.07% and by media experts at 95.37%. The responses of teachers and students also showed very positive results with percentages of 96.59% and 90%, respectively. The effectiveness of the media was demonstrated by an increase in the average score from 55.25 on the pretest to 74.25 on the posttest, with a Sig. p-value of < 0.001 and an N-Gain score of 0.4581 in the medium category. The findings of the study show that AR-based flashcards have been successfully developed, are highly feasible, and are effective in improving student learning outcomes, serving as an innovative learning medium that supports engaging and interactive science learning.
Design and Development of a Wastewater Treatment Plant System for Improved Ammonia Removal at Metro Medika Hospital Hairun Anwar; Taufik Abdullah; Azwaruddin Azwaruddin; Hismi Susane
Jurnal Pijar MIPA Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): in Progress
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i4.12267

Abstract

Hospital wastewater contains various pollutants, including ammonia, which may contaminate receiving water bodies and threaten environmental health if not adequately treated. The existing wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) at Metro Medika Hospital, Mataram, was unable to consistently reduce ammonia concentrations to comply with the regulatory limit of 10 mg/L, with the latest effluent concentration reaching 58.1 mg/L. Therefore, this study aimed to redesign the hospital WWTP to improve ammonia removal through the optimization of an integrated anaerobic-aerobic biological treatment system. A laboratory-scale experimental study was conducted using actual hospital wastewater in a modified treatment system consisting of anaerobic and aerobic biofilters, a bioball reactor, and a disinfection unit. The novelty of this study lies in integrating sequential anaerobic-aerobic biological treatment with a combination of attached-growth biofilter media, including DD-01 media, honeycomb media, bioballs, gravel, silica sand, zeolite, and plastic media, to enhance nitrification performance while maintaining a simple and practical treatment configuration. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis by comparing influent and effluent ammonia concentrations, while treatment performance was evaluated through ammonia removal efficiency calculations. The redesigned WWTP reduced ammonia concentration from 58.1 mg/L to 10.0 mg/L, corresponding to an ammonia removal efficiency of 82.77%, thereby meeting the applicable wastewater quality standard. These findings demonstrate that the proposed WWTP design offers a feasible approach for improving ammonia removal and a promising strategy to support sustainable hospital wastewater management and regulatory compliance.
Food Safety Assessment of Wet Noodles: Detection of Methanyl Yellow in Kebon Roek Traditional Market, Mataram City Dini Yuliansari; Nurhidayatullah Nurhidayatullah; Renaldi Renaldi
Jurnal Pijar MIPA Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): in Progress
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i4.12347

Abstract

Wet noodles are one of the most commonly consumed food products in Indonesia and are often used as an alternative staple food to rice. To enhance product appearance, some producers may add coloring agents to wet noodles. One of the prohibited synthetic dyes is Metanil Yellow, which can cause various health problems, including respiratory irritation, skin irritation, eye irritation, and an increased risk of cancer when consumed continuously over a long period. This study aimed to determine the presence of Metanil Yellow in wet noodles sold at Kebon Roek Market in Ampenan, Mataram City, in 2025. This study employed a descriptive qualitative research design. Samples were selected using purposive sampling based on the physical characteristics of wet noodles suspected to contain Metanil Yellow. A total of five wet noodle samples were analyzed qualitatively using the wool yarn method at the Environmental Health Laboratory of the Mataram School of Environmental Engineering (STTL Mataram). A positive result for Metanil Yellow was indicated by a purple-reddish color change in the wool yarn after the addition of 37% hydrochloric acid (HCl). The results showed that none of the tested samples exhibited a color change in the wool yarn after testing, indicating that all samples were negative for Metanil Yellow. These findings suggest that the wet noodles sold at Kebon Roek Market, Ampenan, Mataram City, during the study period complied with food safety standards prohibiting synthetic dyes in food products.
Water Quality Assessment of the Ancar River, Lombok Island Imam Mauliddin; Tina Melinda; Muhamad Majdi
Jurnal Pijar MIPA Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): in Progress
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i4.12548

Abstract

River water quality is a parameter to determine whether the river is polluted or not. The purpose of this study is to analyze the water quality of the Ancar River located on Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara, based on seven main parameters, namely temperature, pH, TSS, DO, BOD, COD, and total coliform. The study employed a descriptive-qualitative approach and evaluated water quality status using the Pollution Index method, in accordance with the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 115 of 2003. Sampling was carried out at three strategic points representing the upstream, middle, and downstream zones of the river. The data collection method used a grab sampling technique in accordance with SNI 03-7016-2004, and laboratory analysis was conducted at STTL Mataram. The test results were compared with the river water quality standards for classes I to IV under PP No. 22 of 2021. The results showed that most water quality parameters in the Ancar River remained within the quality standard thresholds, particularly temperature, pH, TSS, DO, and total coliform. However, COD values ​​at all observation points exceeded the limits for classes I–III and only met class IV, while BOD increased from upstream to downstream. These results indicate the presence of organic pollution, primarily from domestic activities and household waste, necessitating more optimal water quality management.
Environmental Monitoring of Water Quality in the Jangkok River, Mataram City Muhammad Mardian Rizaldi; Tina Melinda
Jurnal Pijar MIPA Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): in Progress
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i4.12549

Abstract

The increase in population and domestic activities of the community along the banks of the Jangkok River contribute to the decline in river water quality. This study aims to analyze the water quality of the Jangkok River based on physical and biological parameters by comparing the measurement results to class III water quality standards according to PP No. 22 of 2021 and evaluate the water quality status using the Pollution Index according to the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 115 of 2003. This type of research is Descriptive Quantitative. Sampling was conducted at three points upstream, downstream, and midstream and the samples were tested in the laboratory using Indonesian National Standard methods. The results show that the temperature in the upstream, middle and downstream sections is 26.3oC, the highest TSS value is in the upstream section, namely TSS 0.119 mg/L, the highest pH value is in the downstream section, namely 6.07, the highest DO value is in the upstream section, namely 19.78 mg/L, the highest BOD value is in the middle section, namely 4.48 mg/L, the highest COD value is in the downstream section, namely 84 mg/L and the lowest total coliform is in the upstream section, namely 91 MPN/ml. Several parameters, such as pH, DO, and COD, do not meet the class III quality standards under PP No. 22 of 2021, while temperature, TSS, BOD, and total coliform remain below these standards. The Pollution Index at all points is in the "lightly polluted" category, with IP values of 3.69 upstream, 3.68 in the middle, and 3.30 downstream. Domestic waste activities along the Jangkok River significantly impact water quality, although overall pollution levels remain relatively low. Waste management and public education are needed to maintain the river's sustainable function.
Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO/CaO Nanocatalysts and Utilization in Biodiesel Transesterification Reaction from Waste Cooking Oil Neristia Viky Marta; Amalia Putri Purnamasari
Jurnal Pijar MIPA Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): in Progress
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v21i4.11991

Abstract

The increase in global energy demand has led to increased consumption of fossil fuels, resulting in increasingly depleted energy reserves. In addition, the use of fossil fuels has various negative environmental impacts, including air pollution, global warming, and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the development of environmentally friendly, sustainable alternative energy sources is needed. One renewable energy source with development potential is biodiesel. This study aims to synthesize biodiesel from waste cooking oil through a transesterification reaction using ZnO/CaO nanocatalysts. The novelty of this research lies in the synthesis of ZnO/CaO nanocatalysts via a combination of sol-gel and impregnation methods, which are expected to increase the catalysts' surface area, stability, and catalytic activity. The CaO catalyst was synthesized using the sol-gel method and modified with ZnO through a wet impregnation method using Zn acetate precursor at various concentrations of 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%. FTIR and XRD characterizations confirmed the success of ZnO impregnation on CaO, while PSA analysis showed a decrease in particle size from 107.85 nm on CaO to 79.28 nm on 1% ZnO/CaO, which has the potential to increase catalytic activity. The transesterification reaction was carried out at 65°C for 2 hours, using a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 1:9 and a catalyst loading of 3% of the oil weight. The resulting biodiesel was then analyzed using GC-MS, and it was found that ZnO modification increased the methyl ester area percentage from 92.74% in CaO to 99.61% in ZnO/CaO 1%. In addition, the highest biodiesel yield using 1% ZnO/CaO produced a density of 853.8 kg/m³, a viscosity of 2.30 mm²/s (cSt), a water content of 0.02%, and an acid number of 0.43 mg-KOH/g.

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