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Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Published by TALENTA PUBLISHER
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23374888     DOI : https://doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v11i1
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU merupakan jurnal elektronik yang mempublikasikan karya ilmiah di bidang teknik kimia yang diterbitkan oleh Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Jurnal ini tidak terbatas pada mahasiswa dan dosen Universitas Sumatera Utara, tetapi terbuka untuk mahasiswa, dosen dan peneliti dari instansi lain.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Teknik Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 337 Documents
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PEMANFAATAN KITOSAN DARI CANGKANG BEKICOT (Achatina fulica) SEBAGAI PENGAWET IKAN KEMBUNG (Rastrelliger sp) DAN IKAN LELE (Clarias batrachus) Sari Wahyu Waryani; Rika Silvia; Farida Hanum
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 3 No. 4 (2014): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (375.548 KB) | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v3i4.1656

Abstract

The efforts that should be made to maintain the quality of fish is by using antimicrobial compounds, one of which is chitosan. In this research, characterization of chitosan from shell snail (Achatina fulica) has a water content of 5.07%, ash content of 1.8% and the degree of deacetylation (DD) 75.13%. The use of chitosan in this study was to determine the optimal conditions on chitosan concentration and storage time of mackerel (Rastrelliger sp) and catfish (Clarias batrachus) from the microbiological and organoleptic aspects. This research used a variation of the concentration of chitosan was 1%, 1.5%, 2% and 2.5% dissolved in 1% acetic acid. Observations were do with variation the storage time 10 hours, 15 hours, 20 hours and 25 hours and the provision of chitosan solution by soaking and spraying with the observation parameters Total Volatile Base (TVB), organoleptic and pH of fish. Based on the analysis, the results showed that the maximum concentration of chitosan on mackerel (Rastrelliger sp) and catfish (Clarias batrachus) is 1,5% and treatment by means of immersion is the best treatment. The use of chitosan solution on mackerel (Rastrelliger sp) survived 20 hours while catfish (Clarias batrachus) survived 15 hours.
PENGHILANGAN TINTA PADA KERTAS THERMAL BEKAS : PENGARUH KONSISTENSI DAN KONSENTRASI PENDISPERSI FLOTASI Sulastri Dewanti; Elisabet Aprilyanti; Taslim
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 3 No. 4 (2014): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (228.589 KB) | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v3i4.1657

Abstract

Recycling of wastepaper is a solution for paper industry to overcome the scarcity and the limited presence of the virgin pulp sources. Thermal paper is a highly engineered product coated with a thermal sensitive layer that reacts in the presence of heat to create the printed image. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of pulp consistency and dispersant concentration on the removal of ink in the thermal paper. There are 3 steps in this research which are immersing, pulping and flotation. The results of this research were measured according to TAPPI and SNI to determine the brightness and tensile strength of the recycled paper, respectively. The excellent conditions were obtained at pulp consistency of 0.8%, dispersant concentration of 1.5%, flotation temperature of 50 °C and flotation time of 40 minutes. In these conditions, the brightness was 72,17% and tensile strength was 3.7 kN/m.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH CANGKANG TELUR AYAM SEBAGAI ADSORBEN PADA PEMURNIAN GLISEROL DENGAN METODE ASIDIFIKASI DAN ADSORPSI Sandro Nadeak; Jesica Mentari Hasibuan; Lies Widya Naibaho; Mersi Suriani Sinaga
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 8 No. 1 (2019): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (490.259 KB) | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v8i1.1872

Abstract

Glycerol as a byproduct of biodiesel production was approximately formed 10-20% of the biodiesel weight. Impurities which contained in the glycerol such as inorganic salts, catalysts, water and matter organic non glycerol (MONG) which contained free fatty acids, fatty acids as residual of methyl ester, glycerides, and alcohols (generally methanol or ethanol) had a significant effect on glycerol concentration. We needed some treatment, especially to eliminate the impuritis. This study aims to purify glycerol by acidfication using phosphate and adsorption with chicken egg shell waste. This research was begun with the pretreatment of glycerol using phosphoric acid with the variable of test weight ratio (w/w) acid added 1: 0.2; 1: 0.4; 1: 0.6; 1: 0.8 and 1: 1 , continued with adsorption using thermally activated chicken egg shell waste with the variable weight percent adsorbent (%w/w) 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and 15% with reaction conditions, stirring speed 250 rpm and adsorption time 120 minutes. The purest result was obtained at weight ratio (w/w) acidification of 1: 0.6, weight percent adsorbent (% w/w) 15% with glycerol content of 67.22%, density 1.171 g / cm3, moisture content 2.796%, ash content 13.852% and MONG content 16.130%.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Asam Sulfat (H2SO4) pada Hidrolisa Tongkol Jagung (Zea mays) Menjadi Nanokristal Selulosa sebagai Filler Penguat pada Produk Lateks Karet Alam Harahap, Hamidah; Harfansah Nst, Azwin; Fujian Junaidi, Ilhamdi
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 8 No. 2 (2019): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (447.987 KB) | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v8i2.1873

Abstract

This research studied about the effect of concentrations sulfuric acid (H2SO4) on the hydrolysis process of corn cobs waste to manufacture of cellulose nanocrystal (NCC) which will be applied as fillers in natural rubber latex. This study began with a pre-vulcanization process of natural rubber latex at a temperature of 70 oC and followed by a vulcanization process at 110 oC for 10 minutes. The results of the testing of physical properties indicate that the higher amount of NCC loading will result in higher crosslinked denotes, while the results of testing the mechanical properties indicate that the maximum value is achieved at the loading of NCCs as much as 6 phr. The mechanical test results supported by the analysis of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showing the NCC have spread well. Characterization of the Transform Electron Microscope (TEM) shown the resulting of NCC was spherical shape with the size of NCC produced for each concentration of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) 45%, 55%, and 65% respectively 57.65 nm; 28.43 nm; and 82.61 nm with an amount of each 0.849 g; 1,824 g; and 0.681 g. The mechanical and physical properties of the optimum natural rubber latex products occurred in the loading of nanocrystal cellulose with a number of 6 bsk, where the values ​​of cross-connect density, tensile strength, elongation at break, M200 and M300 were respectively 10.6234 2Mc-1x10- 5; 18.2 MPa; 780%; 2.23 MPa and 2.7 MPa.
Pengaruh Waktu Kontak dan Massa Adsorben Biji Asam Jawa (Tamarindus indica) dengan Aktivator H3PO4 terhadap Kapasitas Adsorpsi Zat Warna Methylene Blue Rizki, Andri; Syahputra, Ervan; Pandia, Setiaty; Halimatuddahliana
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 8 No. 2 (2019): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (713.924 KB) | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v8i2.1881

Abstract

This study aims to determine the best adsorption capacity of methylene blue with variations in the mass of the adsorbent, contact time and determine the reaction kinetics and adsorption isotherms of activated carbon. The raw material for activated carbon is tamarind seeds. Tamarind seeds is started to neutral pH and dried in an oven at 130°C to a constant weight, then mashed using a blender and sifted using a 140 mesh sieve. adsorbent 140 mesh was added to 100 ml of methylene blue solution at a stirring speed 150 rpm for each variation of contact time 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 120 minutes and 180 minutes and mass of adsorbent 0,3 gs, 0,4 gs, 0,6 gs and 0,9 gs. The efficiency of the best description of methylene blue is 98,827% with 120 minutes and pH 6 at 0,9 gs of activated carbon. The maximum methylene orange adsorption capacity is 24,670 mg/g at 100 mg/L methylene blue concentration. The model suitable for this study is the second order kinetics and Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The results of the Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectrophotometer on the raw material of Tamarind seeds before activated were obtained by wave number which shows the presence of functional goups C-O, O-H, and C=O goups which form a special goup found on biosorbent, functional goups that appear after activation is a C=C goup which shows an increase in carbon and C-H goups (Alkenes). The results of the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) characterization show that the surface morphology of the activated carbon from tamarind seeds has a surface that is open, coarse, and uniform porosity. The pores of biosorbent after activation in vacant soil without impurity.
Pengaruh Ketebalan Bahan Dan Jumlah Desikan Terhadap Laju Pengeringan Jahe (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) Pada Pengering Kombinasi Surya dan Desikan Hasibuan, Rosdanelli; Alfikri Ridhatullah, Muhammad
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 8 No. 2 (2019): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (792.549 KB) | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v8i2.1882

Abstract

Ginger is a spice plant that is usually used as a seasoning in cooking or raw material for medicine, traditional or industrial medicine. Ginger has a high-water content so its easily contaminated with microbes and has active ingredients (gingerol) which are easily damaged by high temperatures. Ginger drying is intended for maintaining the quality of dry ginger and keep ginger from microbes. The drying process has done in continuously with solar dryer using flat plate type collector during the day and at night using the Molecular Sieve 13x desiccant. Drying varies the thickness of ginger 2 mm, 4 mm, and 6 mm, and the amount ratio of desiccant: 1:1; 1:2; and 1:3. To get drying characteristics, every 1-hour mass calculated using an electric scale, and data logger every 5 minutes calculates the temperature and humidity rate (RH) in the drying chamber. The result from ginger drying is the thickness of 6 mm needed more than 20 hours of drying process so that it needed the combination of dryer compared to other thickness, and from quality analysis results of dry ginger, ash content parameters already accordance with SNI standards, and 1:1 material and desiccant ratio is the variation that most closely matches the SNI standard.
Stabilitas Reaktor Uplow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket-Hollow Centered Packed Bed dalam Produksi Biogas pada Kondisi Ruangan Dana Sembiring, Surya; Irvan; Trisakti, Bambang; Novita Sari Sihombing, Dewi
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 8 No. 2 (2019): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (803.806 KB) | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v8i2.1883

Abstract

Anaerobic digestation was the docomposition of microbes from organic matter into methane, carbon dioxide, organic nutrients and compost in oxygen depletion and hydrogen gas. This study aimed to obtain the stability of the Uplow Anaerobic Sludge Hollow Centered Packed Bed reactor in biogas production at an ambient state that was seen through pH and alkalinity parameters. The process was carried out by varying hydraulic retention time, ei 45 days, 25 days, 10 days and 6 days with pH maintained 7 (±0,2). Analysis of pH and alkalinity was carried out to assess the stability of the reactor at ambient conditions using samples taken from the reactor overflow. The pH profile produced was relatively stable with a pH range between 5.8 - 7.2. The resulting alkalinity value was relatively stable with a pH range between 2,000-4,000 mg/L. The volume of biogas produced was 470 ml with concentration of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and trace hydrogen sulfide (H2S) respectively by 88.00%, 11.00% and 0.10%.
Proses Ekstraksi Asam Asetat dari Distilat Asap Cair Tempurung Kelapa Menggunakan Pelarut Etil Asetat Faham Partogi Siregar, Rory; Misran, Erni; Tri Cahyadi, Iman
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 8 No. 2 (2019): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (903.233 KB) | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v8i2.1964

Abstract

Coconut shell is one of the most widely found biomass in Indonesia. It has potential to be utilized as raw material in producing liquid smoke. Liquid smoke is a distillate from pyrolysis of biomass. The distillate contains various compounds including acetic acid. This research is important to understand the effect of combined distillation and extraction on liquid smoke purificatian in obtaining acetic acid. The variation of solvent to feed ratio (2:1, 4:1, 6:1, dan 8:1) and temperature of extraction (30, 50, dan 70 °C) to obtain yield, acetic acid content, pH, and density which is the best among those of possible variable given. The objective of distillation is to separate the components with high boiling points such as tar. The main purpose of extraction is acetic acid recovery in order to obtain higher content of acetic acid in extract. The solvent in the process of extracting acetic acid is ethyl acetate. GC-MS analysis was also performed on this research to show composition of acetic acid from liquid smoke, distillate, and extract, which are all the composition of polar organic are also shown.
Kajian Model Interaksi pada Adsorpsi Logam Berat Kadmium (Cd2+) dengan Menggunakan Adsorben dari Pasir Hitam Haryanto, Bode; K Sinaga, Warren; T Saragih , Febri
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 8 No. 2 (2019): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (652.229 KB) | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v8i2.2032

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the adsorption ability of black sand in the metal ions adsorb cadmium (Cd2+) with a concentration of 70 ppm to a solution with a pH of 4,5. The black sand is used is 40 mesh. This research was conducted by batch adsorption system naturally and adsorption kinetics modeling. Kinetics of adsorption reached equilibrium at time t = 120 minutes with the percentage concentration of adsorbed Cd2+ 18,5%. In the adsorption kinetics modeling correlation coefficient is almost the same between the equations of first order and second order in the amount of 0.98 and 0.99. The result indicated that the type of interaction Cd2+ ions on the surface of black sands occur in chemistry and physics. The adsorption kinetics of diffusion modeling of internal and external diffusion of the correlation coefficient of 0,85 and 0,71. From this data it can be seen that in this study is modeling kinetic internal diffusion trend that shows adsorbent particles are inter sand surface area that experienced internal inter-particle pore diffusion.
Aktivasi Bottom Ash dari Pembakaran Batubara untuk Menurunkan Kandungan Senyawa Fosfat dalam Air Fatimah; Pratama Tarigan, Budi; Ramadhan , Alfikri
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 8 No. 2 (2019): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (635.255 KB) | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v8i2.2033

Abstract

This study aims to look at the effect of bottom ash activation with NaOH on the morphological structure and content of the elements contained in bottom ash and see the effect of activation on the absorption of phosphate compounds in water by bottom ash. Bottom ash from PT SOCIMAS coal combustion has been activated with NaOH and has been used to adsorb phosphate. Phosphate used in the form of KH3PO4. Bottom ash was first characterized by SEM-EDS to see the morphological structure and the element content contained in the bottom ash. Bottom ash mass variations used are (1, 2, and 3 grams), and particle size (50-70 mesh, 70-110 mesh, and 110-140 mesh). The activation process lasts for 5 hours using 3 M NaOH, then washed to pH 7. The bottom ash is activated then characterized again with SEM-EDS to ensure the impurities present in the bottom ash are reduced. Furthermore, bottom ash is used to adsorb phosphate with time variations of 20, 40, and 60 minutes. The most effective adsorption capacity (6.39 mg / g) is at the 20th minute with a particle size of 110-140 mesh and a bottom ash mass of 1 gram. The Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm model is used to describe the phosphate ion adsorption isotherm by the bottom ash. Based on the data obtained, the isotherm model suitable for this research is the Freudlich (R2 = 0.9721) and Langmuir (R2 = 0.9505) isotherm model.

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