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Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 25811037     EISSN : 25495925     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
JCEF focuses on advancing the development of sustainable infrastructure and disseminating conceptual ideas and implementing countermeasures, particularly in the tropics, which are vulnerable to disasters. Specifically, we look to publish articles with the potential to make real-world contributions to improving both local communities and countries readiness for and responsiveness to natural and human-made disasters. The particular emphasis of JCEF is given to the civil & environmental engineering researches associated with natural disasters such as geo-disaster (earthquake, landslide, and volcanic eruption), water-related disaster (flood, debris flow, coastal disaster, and tsunami), and human-made disasters such as soil, water, and air pollution and water scarcity. Articles describing the topics of disaster risk reduction techniques, disaster early warning system, climate change adaptation, vulnerability analysis and trends, pre and/or post-disaster reconstruction and rehabilitation planning and management, forensic engineering, the socio-engineering approach for the countermeasures, or water reuse and recycle are particularly encouraged.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Sipil dan Struktur
Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 10 No. 1 (January 2024)" : 10 Documents clear
Effect of Micro-Pile Mitigation on Seismic Performance of Liquefiable Ground Asokawati, Fajrina Citra; Fansuri, Muhammad Hamzah; Chang, Muhsiung; Lin, Hseu-Jen; Purwanti, Nina; Putra, Okri Asfino; Saputra, Pungky Dharma; Laksmi, Anasya Arsita
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 10 No. 1 (January 2024)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.6231

Abstract

Soil liquefaction and its associated ground failures, pose a significant threat, causing damage to engineering structures during earthquakes, and one of the most effective methods used to mitigate liquefaction in liquefied soil is micro-pile (MP) method. Therefore, this study aims to examine the current state of MP method as liquefaction countermeasure in the soil of the Coal Fired Power Station in Central Java, an area with a high liquefaction potential. A three-dimensional finite element analysis, conducted with OpenseesPL software, uses a numerical method to yield information about ground lateral deformation and excess pore pressure generation caused by MP method during seismic shaking. This result examines important design parameters, including diameter, spacing, length of MP, and inclination of ground, to address these issues. MP method increases the stiffness of soil, reducing excessive pore pressure and thereby minimizing liquefaction risks. In general, MP remediation appeared effective for any sloping ground. This study provides valuable information for devising an efficient remediation solution by comparing relevant variables, such as diameter, spacing, MP length, and ground inclination, under the same conditions. Numerical simulation with OpenseesPL yields results such as stress and strain path, acceleration time histories, excess pore pressure, displacement time histories, and maximum lateral displacement, which are then compared with various diameter parameters. The diY6-ameter parameters were compared to test how the additional diameter dimension affects the performance of the micropile provided to the soil. This will be demonstrated based on the results shown on excess pore pressure and maximum lateral displacement. This comparison shows that increasing MP diameter is more effective in reducing the risk of liquefaction.
Biomineralization Grouting for Beach Sand Cemented with MICP Daryono, Lutfian Rusdi; Aoki, Sonoko; Kano, Masanao; Miyanaga, Mimori; Nakashima, Kazunori; Kawasaki, Satoru
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 10 No. 1 (January 2024)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.6454

Abstract

Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is an environmentally friendly approach that relies on the production of calcium carbonate by microorganisms to construct or reinforce coastal structures. In order to address the disadvantages of current coastal countermeasures techniques, MICP is a cost-effective solution that can be used to repair and restore coastal habitats damaged by human activities. The resulting structures formed through MICP are strong and durable, providing long-term protection against erosion and flooding caused by storms or rising sea levels. Biominerals, including calcium carbonate or calcium phosphate, are used to create complex composites with organic molecules by combining the strength of inorganic materials with the versatility and biocompatibility of organic macromolecules. It is of the utmost importance to investigatethe functionality of MICP and scale up its deployment in various fields in order to thoroughly assess the instrument’s application. Coastal erosion has been a severe concern in archipelagic countries. Therefore, this study explored the Miyazaki coast in Japan and the Yogyakarta coastline in Indonesia to minimize coastal erosion using MICP. The bacteria found in Miyazaki (Sporosarcina species) and the Yogyakarta coast (Pseudoalteromonas tetradonis) were used in the experiment. As a result, the sample treated with a gradual injection of the cementation solution achieved about 6 MPa UCS after 21 days of treatment. The objective were investigated the potential biotreatment with original sand materials and to evaluate the long-term durability under saturated conditions. For these purposes, the MICP-treated sand columns were subjected to series of compression tests and wet-drying (WD) durability analysis.
Study of Flow Rate Effect on Horizontal Flow Concrete Sand Filter Filtration Performance Parsada, Laksmana Angga; Kamulyan, Budi; Triatmadja, Radianta
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 10 No. 1 (January 2024)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.6782

Abstract

The need for clean water during the pandemic is significantly increasing due to high public awareness of adopting a clean and healthy lifestyle (PHBS), necessitating more water treatment. Conventional methods are used for water treatment, including coagulation-flocculation system, rapid sand filter, and disinfection. However, these methods have limitations such as reduced capacity and sand filter efficiency, leading to increased backwash costs due to the need for sand replacement caused by particle stratification. In response to these challenges, an innovative method to water treatment is the use of concrete sand filter (CSF). Previous studies predominantly focused on downflow filtration, but there has been limited analysis of horizontal flow. Therefore, this study aimed to assess filtration and backwash effectiveness of CSF with horizontal flow, specifically focusing on the capacity performance in treating water with varying levels of turbidity. Filtration experiment was carried out using simulated water at turbidity of 125 NTU based on the Mataram Channel Turbidity with variations of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 m hour-1, as well as backwash at flow rate of 40.91 m hour-1 for 3 minutes. The variables measured during filtration process included head losses and turbidity at the inlet and outlet of CSF. The results showed that the capacity performance during filtration process was directly proportional to flow rate. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of concrete filter was inversely proportional to flow rate. At initial turbidity <617 NTU, the 3 minutes backwash process obtained lower final turbidity compared to the raw water used, which was 5.19 NTU. Meanwhile, at turbidity 617 NTU, the final turbidity was still high, reaching approximately 14.6–26.4 NTU.
The Correlation of Liquefaction Potential and Probability on Excess Pore Water Pressure in Kretek 2 Bridge Area Zakariya, Ali; Rifa'i, Ahmad; Ismanti, Sito
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 10 No. 1 (January 2024)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.7002

Abstract

Liquefaction is soil condition associated with the drastic increase in pore water pressure of uniform sandy soil due to an enormous earthquake. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the correlation of liquefaction potential with excess pore water pressure ratio in nine boreholes located at Kretek 2 Bridge area using empirical and numerical methods. Liquefaction potential was estimated based on a semi-empirical method simplified by Idriss and Boulanger (2008), and safety factor (SF) value of <1.0 was used to represent the existence of its potential. The result showed that liquefaction potential was dominant at depths of 1.5 to 6.0 m, with the exception of BH-9 with 16.5 m and BH-4. Furthermore, the excess pore water pressure ratio was estimated using empirical method developed by Yegian and Vitelli (1981) as well as Serafini and Perlea (2010). Numerical analysis was also conducted for comparison purposes and the process focused on using Deepsoil v7.0 to generate excess pore water pressure by considering soil conditions and dominant seismic sources in Kretek 2 Bridge area. The result showed that the ratio of excess pore water pressure was greater or equaled 0.8. Both empirical and numerical methods produced similar values for BH-1, BH-2, BH-8, and BH-9 at a depth of 1.5–3.0 m, 3–4.5 m, 3.0 m, and 16.5 m, respectively. This showed a correlation between excess pore water pressure ratio and liquefaction potential values at the same depth. However, numerical method tended to overestimate the ru value, necessitating the use of empirical method to obtain a more reliable result.
Parametric Study of the Effect of Diameter-to-Thickness Ratio Against Bending and Shear Load on the Behavior of Round Hollow Structural Section Beam Kori Effendi, Mahmud; Yulianto, Hariadi
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 10 No. 1 (January 2024)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.7135

Abstract

The steel-constructed buildings in Indonesia are on the rise, indicating a growing preference for their durability and versatility in construction projects. This led to the general application of Round Hollow Structural Section (Round HSS) as column and beam elements. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct parametric analysis of the effect of Diameter-to-Thickness Ratio (D t-1) on the three-point and four-point flexural analysis of Round HSS beam using MSC Marc/Mentat software. Nonlinear materials and geometries were employed, along with the application of contact analysis, with contacted and contacting bodies. Moreover, the load and boundary condition were set to be similar to the experiment. The results showed that a greater D t-1 led to the possibility of withholding a smaller load and causing smaller displacement in Group A with fixed diameter and different thickness values. Meanwhile, in Group B with fixed thickness but different diameters, a greater D t-1 led to the potential of restraining more load and experiencing smaller displacement. All specimens from both groups were observed to have failed due to a combination of global and local buckling at the right location under the load applied. AISC bending moment calculated was found to be greater than the values obtained from the finite element analysis for all sections under three-point loads. It was also discovered in the four-point flexural analysis that the bending moment of noncompact section was greater than for AISC while those for the compact section were lower. Furthermore, shear strength (Vn) calculated was observed to be greater thanshear force from finite element analysis (Pmax/2).
3D Back Analysis of Karyamekar Landslide, West Java, Indonesia: Effects of Tension Crack and Rainfall on Peak and Residual Soil Shear Strength Aisya Galuh Laksita; Faris, Fikri; Ahmad Rifa’i
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 10 No. 1 (January 2024)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.7837

Abstract

A landslide was experienced in Karyamekar Village, Cilawu District, Garut Regency, West Java, on 12 February 2021 at approximately 300 m length with a depth of 20 m, leading to a steep slope. Therefore, this study aimed to use 3D back analysis to determine soil shear strength to be subsequently applied in analyzing the possibility of further landslide with due consideration for tension crack and rainfall effect. It was also used to understand the influence of these factors on slope stability. Filled tension crack and rainfall effects were modeled using Finite Element Method (FEM) while Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) was applied for back analysis. The results of back analysis showed that peak shear strength value of φ was 31.18° at a cohesion of 8.01 kPa while the residual shear strength value of φ was 10.35° with 2.31 kPa. The φpeak value was found to be close to the estimated 32°, but there was a significant difference in the φresidual which was approximated to be 30°. This discrepancy could be attributed to several factors such as the accuracy of rainfall data and geometry as well as the absence of some soil samples during the investigation. The cohesion values for peak and residual soil shear strength were considered acceptable because of the smaller values compared to the typical cohesion of SM (Silty Sand) which was set at 20°. Moreover, slope stability analyses conducted using only the effect of tension crack produced a safety factor of 0.996 while those with only the effect of rainfall had 1.172. The results showed that water pressure in tension crack had a more significant influence on slope stability compared to rain. However, it was important to state that the variation in the significance of each factor was based on the assumptions made during the analysis.
Investigation of Deoxygenation Rate Determination in Cikakembang River, West Java, Indonesia Fitriana, Finna; Yudianto, Doddi; Polisar, Andrea; Sanjaya, S
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 10 No. 1 (January 2024)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.8377

Abstract

Cikakembang River, a tributary of Citarum River, is situated in the densely populated Majalaya District, renowned for textile production. Direct discharges of domestic and industrial pollutants into the river contribute to substantial pollution, making it crucial to manage pollution levels. This implies that controlling pollution is crucial, as it significantly impacts the condition of Citarum River, already infamous as one of the world most polluted rivers. A key indicator for assessing river water quality is Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), representing the oxygen required for microorganism-mediated decomposition. This parameter is influenced by deoxygenation rate, denoted as kd. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the most suitable kd value for Cikakembang River using various empirical methods, including Simple, Fujimoto, Sawyer, Thomas, Fair, and Hydroscience. The result showed that Thomas method provided the most accurate prediction for BOD concentration of the river. In rainy season, Root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and coefficient of determination (R2) values were 0.542, 0.035, and 0.981, respectively, and in dry season, the values were 0.117, 0.009, and 0.999. Additionally, kd value effectively simulated the river water quality using HEC-RAS, yielding satisfactory results. RMSE, MAPE, and R2 values for BOD concentration were 3.551, 0.162, and 0.331 in rainy season and 1.071, 0.100, and 0.812 in dry season. Finally, the modeling result showed that Cikakembang River did not meet the Class 2 Water Quality Standard during both rainy and dry seasons. This finding is critical, as it underscores the severity of the pollution problem in the river and the urgent need for comprehensive and effective management strategies to improve its water quality.
Inconsistent using FLOOD and Flooding Development of EPA SWMM for Assessing Flood Occurrences in Vulnerable Urban Watershed Considering Extreme Rainfall Events Samia Alam; Md. Asifur Rahman
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 10 No. 1 (January 2024)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.9763

Abstract

Urban flood, commonly known as urban water congestion, is a type of water hazard that poses significant challenges for urban residents and water management experts. Chittagong, an essential economic hub in Bangladesh, renowned for its role as a port city, comprises a diverse range of land use, including residential, industrial, and commercial sectors. The Chaktai canal, an important element of Chittagong drainage system, is connected to the Karnaphuli river, playing a vital role in managing drainage by handling a substantial portion of the city water. Therefore, this research evaluated the operational efficiency of a specific drainage network under the influence of altered rainfall events using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). Using ArcGIS 10.4, the land use pattern of the area was researched, incorporating data from field surveys and secondary sources. SWMM 5.1 integrated watershed data, and further simulation was carried out to estimate runoff in various sub-catchments and drainage network limitations during heavy rain. During the intense monsoon period, the tool determined the average runoff depth, considering backwater effects and robust tidal surges, resulting in a depth of 3.3m compared to 2.6m in the dry season. This research evaluated the influence of impervious land use changes on urban drainage systems. While meteorological factors alone render drainage network sufficient in dry periods, the outfall shows vulnerability during the rainy season, with an allowance of only 0.7m, jeopardizing the catchment through flood. It contributed a schematic sub-catchment representation, emphasizing that flood events depend on volume runoff and peak flow in urban drainage system. SWMM model was used to illustrate the catchment surface runoff and interconnected node depths via conduits, as well as the current catchment scenario comprehensively.
Analysis of Gongseng Dam Break-Induced Flood in East Java, Indonesia Through 2D Iber Software Ahmadi, Sa’iyd Husayn; Triatmodjo, Bambang; Benazir
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 10 No. 1 (January 2024)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.9929

Abstract

The dam is a crucial river-crossing structure that ensures a sustainable water supply and offers numerous benefits. However, the potential hazard of dam failure is an imminent threat that could materialize unexpectedly. To comprehend the potential impact of dam break flood and identify vulnerable areas, it is essential to conduct rigorous analysis and simulate various dam failure scenarios. This comprehensive assessment is invaluable for informed land use planning and the development of effective emergency response plans. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze flood inundation resulting from the hypothetical failure of Gongseng dam, using Iber model. The modeling approach relied on a two-dimensional finite volume shallow water model, guided by specialized software. The scenarios for Gongseng dam break showed inundation areas of 12.57 km² and 7.55 km² for overtopping and piping failure, respectively. Overtopping failure resulted in the highest discharge, with Von Thun method causing severe damage due to wide break dimensions, and eventually leading to catastrophic consequences. However, this study showed that Froehlich method provided the most rational prediction for break parameters. In contrast to the other methods focusing solely on water height behind dam, Froehlich equation considered both the volume and height at the time of failure. Implementing dam break analysis held the potential to benefit downstream communities by providing inundation maps, thereby aiding in the mitigation of flood risks. Particularly, in situations with limited data and resources, as shown in this study, the cost-effective modeling method proposed could be an attractive option for simulating extreme flood induced by dam break.
Analysis of Extreme Rainfall in the Mt. Merapi Area Anita Yuliana; Joko Sujono; Karlina
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 10 No. 1 (January 2024)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.10084

Abstract

The slopes of Mount Merapi (Mt. Merapi) are an area prone to hydrological disasters due to elevation and orography. Hydrological disasters that have the potential to occur include floods, erosion, landslides, and drought which are closely related to extreme rainfall. Spatial and temporal variability of rainfall in mountainous areas requires rainfall data that can represent rainfall events. Therefore, this research aims to obtain the reliability of satellite rainfall data in the extreme rainfall indices. The CHIRPS, GPM-IMERG FINAL (IMERG-F) and GPM-IMERG LATE (IMERG-L) will be used in the reliability analysis of satellite-based rainfall compared to observed rainfall station. To validate satellite rain data, statistical criteria are utilized with parameters such as Correlation Coefficient (R), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Relative Bias (RB). Satellite-based rainfall estimates have a weak to moderate correlation (0.19 – 0.55), the RMSE value is relatively good (12.18 – 31.35 mm) and the observed bias tends to underestimate the estimated values. The capabilities of the IMERG-F, IMERG-L and CHIRPS satellites as alternative rainfall data in the Mt. Merapi area are quite good where IMERG-L has the best performance in capturing rainfall above 50 mm (R50mm), Consecutive Dry Days (CDD) indices, max 1–day and 5-day precipitation (Rx1day and Rx5day). The potential for extreme rainfall that is most prone to trigger lava floods occurs in the western region of Mt. Merapi at Ngandong Station (Sta. Ngandong). In this region, there is a high occurrence of extreme rainfall events. For instance, there were 501 instances of R50mm with an intensity of 77 mm day-1, Total Precipitation (PRCPTOT) reaches 3385 mm, Rx5day reaches 393 mm, and Consecutive Wet Days (CWD) lasts for 30 days. The results of this analysis can assist in climate understanding and modeling of extreme rainfall relevant to the region and support water resource management and disaster risk mitigation.

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