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Kawanua International Journal of Multicultural Studies
Published by Institut Agama Islam Negeri Manado
ISSN : 27975460     EISSN : 2797359X     DOI : 10.30984/kijms
Core Subject : Religion, Economy, Humanities, Education, Social,
Religion Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Kawanua International Journal of Multicultural Studies is an international and open-access journal published by State Islamic Institute of Manado (IAIN) Manado, Indonesia. It aims to represent the multiculturalism as the vision of IAIN MANADO in 2035. The scope of this journal is international welcoming academics and researchers from various disciplines, such as social sciences, humanity, art, and religious studies.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Sosiologi dan Ilmu Politik
Articles 98 Documents
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Islamic Religious Education in a Multicultural Minahasa Context: Muslim Minority, Christian Majority, and Local Cultural Dynamics Arhanuddin Salim; Nur Rosida; Anas Bin Mohd Yunus
Kawanua International Journal of Multicultural Studies Vol 7 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : State Islamic Institute of Manado (IAIN) Manado, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30984/kijms.v7i1.1899

Abstract

This article examines Islamic Religious Education (IRE) within the multicultural context of Minahasa, North Sulawesi, where Muslims live as a minority in a predominantly Christian society shaped by strong local cultural traditions. While Minahasa is often recognized for its relatively harmonious interreligious relations, the position and practice of Islamic Religious Education in this context have received limited scholarly attention. Using a conceptual-contextual approach, this study draws on relevant literature, policy analysis, and reflective interpretation of Minahasa’s socio-cultural setting. Multiculturalism is employed as an analytical lens to explore how Islamic Religious Education operates within asymmetrical majority–minority relations and interacts with local cultural dynamics. The analysis highlights tensions between nationally standardized Islamic education curricula and the lived experiences of Muslim minorities embedded in a Christian-majority cultural environment. The findings indicate that Islamic Religious Education in Minahasa tends to be inward-oriented and normative, with limited engagement with local multicultural realities. As a result, religious moderation is shaped more by everyday social practices and cultural interaction than by formal religious education. This article argues that integrating a multicultural perspective can enhance the relevance of Islamic Religious Education in minority contexts and strengthen its contribution to inclusive coexistence in plural societies.
Epistemology of Islamic Family Law Fatwas among Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI), Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), and Muhammadiyah in Plural Indonesia Eldy Satria Noerdin; Yevhen Leheza
Kawanua International Journal of Multicultural Studies Vol 7 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : State Islamic Institute of Manado (IAIN) Manado, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30984/kijms.v7i1.1914

Abstract

Islamic family-law fatwas in Indonesia show how the epistemology of Islamic Family Law Fatwas among Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI), Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), and Muhammadiyah in Plural Indonesia, and Muhammadiyah respond to social change. The study addresses the tension between classical Islamic jurisprudence and contemporary realities that compel fatwas to engage complex family issues. Using a socio-legal approach and Islamic legal-theory analysis operationalized through content analysis of official fatwa documents and systematic cross-institutional comparison, the article examines four issues: minimum marriage age, interfaith marriage, women's public roles and maintenance, and divorce. The findings reveal three epistemic patterns. First, MUI, NU, and Muhammadiyah converge on contextual reasoning oriented toward the higher objectives of Islamic law when addressing issues in which state policy and Islamic law are mutually supportive, as seen in the shift from biological puberty to psychosocial maturity in marriage-age regulation and the proceduralisation of divorce through the Religious Courts. Second, the three authorities converge on a protective stance grounded in the principle of preventing harm when external norms are perceived to threaten religious identity, as in the case of interfaith marriage. Third, their reasoning becomes more elastic when addressing socio-economic realities, legitimising women as breadwinners and moderating absolutist readings of male household authority. Overall, fatwas emerge from a dialectic among revelation, public welfare, and state authority, confirming the relevance of KH. M.A. Sahal Mahfudh's Social Fiqh and Sayuti Thalib's Receptie a Contrario for reading Islamic law's influence on national law.
Fear, Piety, and the Negotiation of Religious Values through Religious Horror Films in Indonesia Namira Choirani Fajri; Alfina Rahmawati; Zainab Mardhi Kazim
Kawanua International Journal of Multicultural Studies Vol 7 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : State Islamic Institute of Manado (IAIN) Manado, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30984/kijms.v7i1.1921

Abstract

Amid the growing production of religious horror films, questions arise regarding the availability of this form of popular culture as a medium of da'wah (Islamic preaching). Previous studies suggest that such films convey Islamic messages; however, other research indicates a process of desacralization of Islamic values. Between these perspectives, two questions emerge: (1) how do Generation Z audiences, particularly university students, interpret the symbols presented in these films? and (2) how does ideology, operating through educational apparatuses as proposed by Louis Althusser, influence this reception process? This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach using reception analysis, drawing on Stuart Hall's encoding/decoding model and Althusser's theory of Ideological State Apparatuses. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 14 informants from two educational backgrounds: formal religious education and general education. The data were categorized into three reception positions: dominant-hegemonic, negotiated, and oppositional. The findings reveal that religious horror films do not function universally as a medium of da'wah; rather, their meanings vary depending on the ideological frameworks shaping the audience. Students from religious education backgrounds tend to interpret the films within moral and theological frameworks, while those from general education backgrounds approach them from rational, cultural, and aesthetic perspectives. These findings demonstrate that the meanings of religious symbols and values are actively constructed through the interaction between media texts, ideological formation, and lived experience. In the context of Indonesia’s plural society, religious horror films function as cultural arenas where competing understandings of piety, morality, and religious authority are continuously negotiated and reinterpreted by young audiences.
Freedom, Custom, and Indigenous Minority Life: The Baduy Through Geertz and Sen Lea Menage; Putu Ega Yudia Mastika
Kawanua International Journal of Multicultural Studies Vol 7 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : State Islamic Institute of Manado (IAIN) Manado, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30984/kijms.v7i1.1930

Abstract

This article examines how freedom may be understood in the Baduy community of Banten, Indonesia, within broader debates on indigenous minorities and multicultural evaluation. Public discussion often judges minority communities through majoritarian assumptions that associate freedom with mobility, formal schooling, technological access, and expanded individual choice. Using an exploratory qualitative case study based on a bounded three-night field encounter, this study draws on conversational interviews, participant observation, and reflective fieldnotes to analyze how Baduy participants explained their way of life. The findings suggest that customary discipline is commonly narrated not as deprivation, but as inherited moral order, spiritual obedience, ecological relation, social coherence, and chosen simplicity. Read through Clifford Geertz’s interpretive anthropology, these practices appear as meaningful elements of a moral world rather than isolated restrictions. Read through Amartya Sen’s capability approach, the case indicates that freedom cannot be reduced to the visible expansion of externally valued options alone. The article contributes to multicultural studies by arguing that indigenous minority life should be approached through interpretive humility, non-assimilationist evaluation, and culturally respectful forms of educational and social support.
Rujuk and Iddah Remain Relevant for Strengthening Legal Pluralism and Women’s Protection in Multicultural Indonesia Mahnan Mahnan; Ilhammuddin Aarrasyid Matondang; Muhammad Fikri
Kawanua International Journal of Multicultural Studies Vol 6 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : State Islamic Institute of Manado (IAIN) Manado, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30984/kijms.v6i2.1932

Abstract

This article examines the relevance of rujuk and iddah in contemporary Muslim social practices in Indonesia through the lens of Islamic family law, legal pluralism, and multicultural studies. Although both concepts are normatively rooted in the Qur’an and Hadith, their implementation today is shaped by changing family structures, women’s economic participation, digital religious discourse, local customs, and state legal administration. Using a qualitative socio-legal approach based on library research, legal documents, Qur’anic exegesis, Hadith sources, Indonesian family law, and recent national divorce data, this study argues that rujuk and iddah should not be understood merely as formal post-divorce rules. Rather, they function as ethical, social, and legal mechanisms to protect lineage, women’s dignity, emotional recovery, economic security, and family accountability. The findings show that weak religious literacy, inconsistent legal awareness, patriarchal interpretation, and limited institutional guidance often reduce these teachings to administrative procedures. Therefore, recontextualization is needed by integrating maqasid al-sharia, gender justice, legal pluralism, and community-based education. This article contributes to multicultural Islamic legal studies by showing how classical family law can remain socially relevant in plural and changing societies.
Minoritizing the Majority: The Depoliticization of Islam and Legal Secularization in Colonial Legal Pluralism in Java Nova Ira Sabrina; Umi Habibah; Raihanan Binti Haji Abdullah
Kawanua International Journal of Multicultural Studies Vol 7 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : State Islamic Institute of Manado (IAIN) Manado, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30984/kijms.v7i1.2020

Abstract

Although Muslims constituted the demographic majority in colonial Java, a sequence of Dutch legal policies progressively reduced Islamic law to the status of a minoritized, privatized legal order operating under the tutelage of colonial and adat authority. Islamic law in Java had earlier possessed a legitimacy structurally fused with political power, functioning as a legal order embedded in the authority of the Islamic sultanates rather than as a private religious norm. This article reconstructs how the theory of Receptio in Complexu, the Receptio theory advanced by Snouck Hurgronje and later systematized by Cornelis van Vollenhoven, and Staatsblad 1882 No. 152 functioned not merely as a neutral product of legal pluralism but as an instrument of a deliberate strategy to depoliticize Islam through a gradual mechanism of legal secularization. Using a normative-historical approach and source criticism applied to a corpus of colonial regulations (Regeringsreglement 1854; Indische Staatsregeling, 1925; Staatsblad 1882 No. 152), this study shows that the restriction of the Religious Court's jurisdiction to family matters constituted a mechanism for severing Islamic law from public power, an epistemic transformation that reduced a once publicly governing legal order into a legally minoritized private domain. These findings offer a rereading of colonial legal historiography and, read alongside comparable trajectories of Islamic personal law confinement under British colonial rule in South Asia, speak to broader debates on how plural legal systems can legally minoritize a numerical majority, treating Receptio theory as a deliberate instrument of political control rather than an orientalist academic discourse alone.
Protection of the Economic Rights of Women-Owned MSMEs Through Gender Responsive Corporate Social Responsibility Regulation Nurul Laylan Hsb; Maulidina Sari; Mahdi Hasan Suhail
Kawanua International Journal of Multicultural Studies Vol 7 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : State Islamic Institute of Manado (IAIN) Manado, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30984/kijms.v7i1.2021

Abstract

The high participation of women in Indonesia's MSME sector has not been matched by adequate fulfillment of their economic rights due to structural barriers. Meanwhile, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) regulation remains general and has not addressed the specific needs of women. This study aims to analyze the legal framework of CSR regulation in Indonesia and to formulate a gender-responsive CSR model to protect the economic rights of women-owned MSMEs. This research employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, based on library research of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings reveal a normative gap in CSR regulation, particularly the absence of gender perspective integration and the lack of linkage between CSR frameworks and MSME empowerment policies. As a result, women-owned MSMEs have not optimally benefited from CSR programs. A gender-responsive CSR regulatory model is required, incorporating gender analysis, targeted allocation for women, gender-based evaluation systems, and active participation of women to ensure inclusive and sustainable protection of economic rights.
Women's Fiqh in the Minangkabau Matrilineal Culture: A Systematic Literature Review Musa Wardi; Novi Yuspita Sari; Zulkifli Zulkifli
Kawanua International Journal of Multicultural Studies Vol 7 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : State Islamic Institute of Manado (IAIN) Manado, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30984/kijms.v7i1.2049

Abstract

This study employs a systematic literature review to examine the development of research on women's fiqh within the Minangkabau matrilineal culture published between 2014 and 2024. It aims to identify research trends, thematic focuses, methodological approaches, and the global distribution of publications while revealing underexplored areas for future research. The review demonstrates that existing studies have primarily focused on inheritance and property rights, Islamic identity, the interaction between matrilineal customs and Islamic practices, cultural acculturation, women's social roles, and elderly care in Muslim matrilineal communities. Methodologically, previous studies have employed comparative, ethnographic, philological, conflict-theory, and genetic-structuralist approaches. Indonesia accounts for the majority of publications, followed by limited contributions from Malaysia, the United States, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, the United Arab Emirates, and the Netherlands. The review identifies a significant research gap: no previous study has systematically examined the methodology of istinbāṭ for formulating Islamic legal responses to women's issues within the Minangkabau matrilineal context, or explored Islamic legal reform in response to changing socio-cultural realities. These findings provide a foundation for future studies on the reconstruction and renewal of Islamic legal reasoning concerning women in matrilineal societies.

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