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Danny S. Mintorogo
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INDONESIA
DIMENSI: Journal of Architecture and Built Environment
Published by Universitas Kristen Petra Surabaya
ISSN : 0126219X     EISSN : 23387858     DOI : https://doi.org/10.9744/dimensi
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
Journal of DIMENSI: Journal of Architecture and Built Environment is a peer-reviewed journal devoted to the applications of architecture theory, sustainable built environment, architectural history, urban design and planning, as well as building structure. We accept National and International original research articles which are free of charged at this moment. The manuscript will be reviewed by two independent National or International advisory boards who are in their expert field. DIMENSI: Journal of Architecture and Built Environment is published, twice a year, in July and December, by the Institute for Research and Community Services, Petra Christian University, Surabaya-Indonesia. DIMENSI will be distributed to other universities, research centers, and National or International advisory board as well as to regular subscribers.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Arsitektur
Articles 210 Documents
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Performance of Coconut Waste Interior Panels in Reducing Particulate Matter and Moisture Wasiska Iyati; Asti Ainun Nabilah; Mochamad Muzaki; Agung Murti Nugroho
DIMENSI: Journal of Architecture and Built Environment Vol. 53 No. 1 (2026): JULY 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach, Petra Christian University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/dimensi.53.1.13-21

Abstract

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is a pressing issue in densely populated and poorly ventilated spaces, where pollutants such as PM2.5, PM10, and excessive humidity contribute to health risks including Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). This study proposes a passive and sustainable solution through Coconut Waste Interior Panels (CWIP), made from a 50:50 mixture of activated coconut charcoal (CCAC) and coconut fiber, packaged in perforated wooden boxes. Experiments were conducted in a 27 m³ enclosed room with four scenarios: with/without CWIP and with/without fan circulation, using mosquito coil smoke as the pollutant source. The results showed a significant improvement in indoor air quality (IAQ), with CWIP reducing PM2.5 from 65.67 µg/m³ to 40.27 µg/m³ and PM10 from 82.73 µg/m³ to 49.93 µg/m³ (p < 0.001) without fan circulation. A moderate decrease was also observed with fan assistance. Humidity decreased significantly under static conditions. These findings highlight CWIP as an effective, electricity-free, and environmentally friendly alternative, supporting waste utilization and sustainable indoor air quality improvement in resource-limited and environmentally conscious settings.
The Mosque as a Resilient Model: Adaptation in Social, Spatial, and Environmental Bramasta Putra Redyantanu
DIMENSI: Journal of Architecture and Built Environment Vol. 53 No. 1 (2026): JULY 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach, Petra Christian University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/dimensi.53.1.22-34

Abstract

The Amahami Floating Mosque in Bima, Indonesia was analyzed as an example of resiliency in multi-dimensional adaptation through architecture and how this type of approach may provide a future path forward for sustainability, durability and efficiency with respect to modern mosque architecture influenced by local contexts. This research demonstrates three overall areas of essential integrative adaptation: social, spatial and environmental. With regards to social adaptation, the study emphasized the importance of community involvement beyond that of worship in order to preserve the identity of Bima as an architectural region; with spatial adaptation, the Muslim community incorporated the floating structure of the mosque into their site conditions as well as optimizing waterfront usage; and with environmental adaptation, the design of the mosque incorporated modular construction and structure to maximize the efficiency of material usage as well as to enhance natural light quality and ventilation. In conclusion, using these three integrative adaptations enables the mosque to be viewed as a resilient architectural prototype that links heritage with sustainability in an effort to promote adaptive design. While adaptive architecture is not limited to mosques serving only as places of worship, the results from this study suggest that there exists an opportunity to combine urban planning, eco-awareness and long-term resiliency.
Passive Design Strategies in Bolon House through Activity Pattern and Wind Environment Yusuf Ariyanto; Kosuke Nakano; Yen-Khang Nguyen-Tran
DIMENSI: Journal of Architecture and Built Environment Vol. 53 No. 1 (2026): JULY 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach, Petra Christian University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/dimensi.53.1.49-61

Abstract

In the Bolon house, a traditional Toba Batak vernacular architecture, the spatial layout is organized according to cultural meanings assigned to each zone, reflecting the social structure and adapting to the regional climate through passive strategies. Since scientific verification of such a principle remains limited, this research evaluates the thermal comfort within the Bolon house, focusing on the relationship between wind environment and local activity patterns. Firstly, the routine activities of residents were recorded and categorized into the activity pattern. Secondly, the thermal comfort range was calculated using the CBE Tool for two representative seasonal dates, while wind environments were analyzed through CFD simulations. Findings show that wind speeds are generally low, with a slight increase in the western rear zone due to the prevailing East wind. Nevertheless, indoor comfort is maintained during most activities, particularly in the central communal zone, which consistently provides the most suitable conditions for daily life.
The Resilience of Traditional Indonesian Architecture: A Review of Existing Research I Gusti Ngurah Antaryama; Audrey Tara Dianagri
DIMENSI: Journal of Architecture and Built Environment Vol. 53 No. 1 (2026): JULY 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach, Petra Christian University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/dimensi.53.1.35-48

Abstract

The rapid rise of modern lifestyles and technologies, along with disturbances to natural imbalances, has threatened the resilience of traditional architecture worldwide, including Indonesia. While some communities embrace modern structures as symbols of contemporary life, others adapt traditional buildings to changing needs while maintaining cultural identity. This study examines the resilience of Indonesian traditional architecture through a systematic review of 40 cases taken from existing research articles. It applies a resilience framework for the data analysis to reveal the extent to which the architecture responds to current changes and imbalances. Findings show two tendencies: modernisation drives changes in materials, layouts, and functions, while enduring connections to climate, spatial logic, and cultural principles. Adaptations range from substantial modifications that retain structural and functional integrity to superficial applications of traditional ornamentation on modernised buildings. Although a few cases fail to adapt, most demonstrate adaptive resilience, maintaining both function and cultural meaning.
Application of AI in Urban Design Education: A Case Study of Master Studio Heru Wibowo Poerbo; Marisa Sugangga; Elis Anggun Geminastiti; Haryo Winarso; Aswin Indraprastha
DIMENSI: Journal of Architecture and Built Environment Vol. 53 No. 1 (2026): JULY 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach, Petra Christian University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/dimensi.53.1.62-80

Abstract

This paper explores the transformative potential of AI in urban design studios through a case study where 28 master's students were tasked with simulating an urban design plan for Nusantara - Indonesia's new capital city.  The studio was designed to allow students to engage with each phase of the urban design process using manual techniques, AI-driven tools, or a combination of both, creating a comparative framework to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of AI in each stage. The goal of this research is to investigate how AI-augmented instruments are being used in educational settings, particularly in creative design courses, and to assess the potential advancements that these tools may offer to the subject. The research further intends to analyse how AI tools affect students' design thinking and technical abilities, leading to strategic recommendations for successfully incorporating these technologies into design education while keep adhering to the ethical guidelines in academic works.
Improving Fire Evacuation Routes: Non-Structural Barriers and Community Risk Perception Anggun V. M. Anes; Dewi Larasati; Hanson E Kusuma; Lily Tambunan
DIMENSI: Journal of Architecture and Built Environment Vol. 53 No. 1 (2026): JULY 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach, Petra Christian University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/dimensi.53.1.81-93

Abstract

Highly populated areas are prone to fire hazards; hence, there is a need for proper evacuation routes. The high building density and limited access roads obstruct movement during emergencies. Most previous studies focused on structural barriers, while non-structural factors like community behavior, preparedness, and risk perception have received less attention. This paper will present an analysis of the impact of both evacuation barriers and community risk perception on recommended fire evacuation route improvements in highly populated areas. A sequential exploratory mixed-methods approach was used, with qualitative data from 111 respondents and quantitative data from 278 respondents analyzed through multivariate linear regression. The results indicate that non-structural barriers, preparedness levels, and community anxiety significantly influence recommendations for improving evacuation routes, while structural barriers have no effect. These findings confirm that behavioral and social barriers are more dominant than physical barriers in densely populated settlements. This study recommends improving risk literacy, conducting evacuation simulations, and establishing resident-based fire response teams to strengthen community-based mitigation.
Harnessing Local Wisdom for Sustainable and Resilient Architecture: Insights from Sana'a Old City Khawla Taher AL-Oqab; Paolo Vincenzo Genovese
DIMENSI: Journal of Architecture and Built Environment Vol. 53 No. 1 (2026): JULY 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach, Petra Christian University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/dimensi.53.1.94-113

Abstract

Clear evidence of increasing interest in vernacular architecture, driven by its energy efficiency and sustainability, can be observed in the research community and global architecture projects that have adopted strategies from vernacular architecture. This trend arises from climatic and environmental challenges and issues in the global building sector, including rising temperatures, increased CO₂ emissions, and resource depletion, all of which necessitate the adoption of sustainable architectural practices. However, a review of the content, themes, and findings of existing studies on vernacular architecture reveals an uneven geographic and climatic distribution of the research. This study aims to highlight the main domains of sustainable and resilient architecture in the Old City of Sana’a, a renowned heritage city that has received limited scholarly attention regarding its vernacular strategies for sustainability. This study combines archival and thematic analysis methods to investigate the sustainability and resilience domains of vernacular architecture. The results identified four interconnected domains that function as a unified systemic framework of sustainability and resilience in the city: traditional construction materials and techniques, climate-responsive design, spatial and functional efficiency, and architectural aesthetics. Together, these domains constitute an integrated system that has underpinned the longevity of the city over the centuries. By leveraging modern technology, such as digital documentation and simulation tools, these findings can provide pathways across design practice and offer transferable insights from this integrated system to contemporary contexts.
Reimagining the Sahn: Open Spaces and Universal Design Principles for Generation Z Inclusive Mosques Achmad Delianur Nasution; Wahyuni Zahrah; Tri Febrianne Dhiyanthi; Nangkula Utaberta; Shafira Imanina
DIMENSI: Journal of Architecture and Built Environment Vol. 53 No. 1 (2026): JULY 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach, Petra Christian University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/dimensi.53.1.114-132

Abstract

Open spaces have been a key feature of mosques since the first Nabawiy Mosque was built during the time of the Prophet Muhammad. Fourteen centuries have passed, and mosques have evolved in accordance with their surroundings, with open spaces not always being a key feature of mosques. The issue of mosque designs that tend to be exclusive is an important reason for reviving the inclusive nature of mosques as in the time of the Prophet (peace be upon him). This paper aims to review the role of open spaces in mosques in meeting the needs of the wider community, including various age groups and socioeconomic strata, and even non-Muslims. This paper also puts forward an idea for integrating open spaces into mosque design for Generation Z. This generation, with its unique characteristics, is expected to play an increasingly important role in revitalizing mosques. This study adopts a mixed-methods research-by-design (RBD) framework, combining a qualitative historical and literature synthesis, exploratory precedent case studies, and a quantitative user preference survey involving 100 Muslim Generation Z respondents (N = 100) in Medan, Indonesia. The findings from these methods were integrated to formulate design ideas for inclusive mosque open spaces that respond to the needs and preferences of Generation Z. This study shows that open spaces are an important key feature for inclusive mosques that are in line with the needs of Generation Z, who are open-minded towards advances in information and developments in thought, art, science, and technology. The concept of inclusive mosque design for Generation Z offers open spaces that are integrated with urban spaces and directly connected to mosques structurally, functionally, and visually, where social activities become a showcase for mosque activities.
Spatial Configuration and Urban Resilience in the Historic Core of Kermanshah: A Space Syntax Diagnosis Mojtaba Lorzangeneh
DIMENSI: Journal of Architecture and Built Environment Vol. 53 No. 2 (2026): Online First
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach, Petra Christian University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/dimensi.53.2.133-148

Abstract

In the historic urban fabrics of Iranian cities (e.g. Kermanshah), the street networks are organic and maze-like and building-level data are often not available. In these cases, resilience may depend upon spatial configuration rather than individual building attributes. The current study aims to investigate the relationship between spatial configuration and urban resilience in the historic core of Kermanshah using Space Syntax analysis and the composite index of Spatial Resilience (SRI). Using DepthmapX, configurational indices were computed at local (R3) and global (Rn) scales. A composite SRI was constructed and validated through Cronbach's alpha. Pearson correlation and ANOVA were used to analyze the correlation between the indices and resilience potential. SRI has a high positive correlation with Local Integration (r = 0.825) and Connectivity (r = 0.824). ANOVA confirmed significant SRI differences among the spatial zones suggesting the resilience potential is centered in the bazaar and main arteries, but peripheral areas still are vulnerable. Global intelligibility remains weak (R2=0.25), but neighborhood scale correlations indicate relative legibility. The SRI allows a quantitative assessment of resilience for historic fabrics when building-level data are unavailable. It was found that integration and connectivity were important configurational predictors.
A Behavior-Responsive Spatial Framework for Adolescent Institutional Care: Translating Environmental Psychology into Orphanage Design Meyga Fitri Handayani Nasution; Andiyan Andiyan; Stephanus Wirawan Dharmatanna; Ai Siti Munawaroh
DIMENSI: Journal of Architecture and Built Environment Vol. 53 No. 2 (2026): Online First
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach, Petra Christian University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/dimensi.53.2.149-160

Abstract

The current environment in children’s homes is still unable to fully meet young people’s needs for privacy, comfort, a sense of belonging, and healthy social relationships. Such conditions can affect young people’s psychosocial development in their daily lives. This study advances a behavior-responsive spatial framework for adolescent institutional care through a qualitative case study at the Darul Aitam Orphanage, Medan, Indonesia. Data were collected through behavioral mapping, structured observation, semi-structured interviews, and questionnaires involving sixteen adolescents aged 12–18, and analyzed using four environmental psychology constructs: personal space, territoriality, crowding, and privacy. Thermal discomfort is a major factor contributing to spatial stress. In bedrooms, a personal space of 60–100 cm is always maintained. Spatial clarity is reduced due to overlapping room functions. Comparative analysis was used to identify spatial designs based on criteria such as interpersonal distance, territorial hierarchy, density reduction, privacy, thermal ventilation, and sensory-stimulating materials. These parameters form a transferable framework for improving spatial quality in orphanage environments. By converting behavioral constructs into measurable spatial thresholds, the study positions behavior-responsive architecture as an evidence-based methodology for adolescent institutional design in comparable tropical institutional contexts.

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