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Maria Viva Rini
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Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Published by Green Engineering Society
ISSN : 26214709     EISSN : 26212528     DOI : https://www.jaast.org/index.php/jaast/article/view
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology (JAAST) is an international journal, focuses on applied agricultural science and applied agricultural technology in particular: agricultural mechanization, food sciences, food technology, agricultural information technology, agricultural economics, agricultural statistics, bioinformatics, farm structure, farm power, agricultural machinery, irrigation and drainage, land and water resources engineering, renewable energy, environment, crop production, and crop protection.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Agronomi dan Ilmu Tanaman
Articles 197 Documents
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Fatty Acid Profile Comparison of Several Palm Cooking Oils Using Gas Chromatography–Flame Ionization Detection (GC–FID) Susi Desminarti; Nela Eska Putri; Prima Yaumil Fajri
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 10 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v10i3.546

Abstract

Palm cooking oil is the primary source of vegetable oil widely consumed by the Indonesian population. The fatty acid profile of palm oil is an important parameter for assessing its nutritional value, oxidative stability during heating, and potential health implications. Variations in refining and fractionation processes, as well as differences in raw material sources, may lead to diversity in the fatty acid composition of commercially available cooking oils. This study aims to analyze and compare the profiles of saturated, unsaturated, cis–trans, and omega fatty acids in different commercial palm cooking oil brands. Five palm cooking oil samples available on the market were analyzed, consisting of four packaged oils (MG1–MG4) and one bulk oil (MG5). Fatty acid profiling was conducted using Gas Chromatography–Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) following derivatization into Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) via NaOCH₃–methanol transesterification. Fatty acids were identified and quantified by comparing retention times and chromatographic peak areas using the normalization method. The results showed that total saturated fatty acids ranged from 39.96 to 43.76%, dominated by palmitic acid (34.27–37.65%). Unsaturated fatty acids accounted for 56.18–59.98% of total fatty acids, with oleic acid (44.50–46.16%) and linoleic acid (11.18–13.14%) as the major components. Omega fatty acids were predominantly represented by omega-9, followed by omega-6, while omega-3 fatty acids were detected at very low levels. No trans fatty acids were detected in any of the samples. Overall, the fatty acid profiles of the analyzed palm cooking oils were consistent with those of commercially refined palm oil, characterized by oleic acid predominance, a relatively balanced proportion of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and the absence of trans fatty acids. These features support good oxidative stability and are suitable for consumption.
Integrating Climate Variables into Coconut Production Forecasting: A Comparative Analysis of ARIMA and ARIMAX Models for Climate-Informed Decision Support Hermiza Mardesci; Mulono Apriyanto; Dita Fitriani; Herman Farmi; Abdullah Abdullah
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 10 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v10i3.558

Abstract

Coconut is a strategic plantation commodity in Padang Pariaman Regency, Indonesia, whose productivity is increasingly influenced by climate variability. Accurate, climate-responsive forecasting is therefore essential to support production planning and early warning systems. This study aims to develop and evaluate a climate-informed ARIMAX model for forecasting coconut production and assessing its potential application in an early warning framework. Annual coconut production data for 2014–2024 were combined with climate variables, including rainfall, temperature, humidity, wind speed, and the number of rainy days. A baseline ARIMA model was first identified, followed by ARIMAX modeling using Maximum Likelihood Estimation. Model selection was based on Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), while forecasting performance was evaluated using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The results showed that ARIMA(1,1,1) was identified as the optimal baseline model and achieved the lowest forecasting errors based on RMSE and MAPE, indicating its strong capability in capturing the temporal pattern of coconut production. The incorporation of climate variables through ARIMAX demonstrated that rainfall and the number of rainy days significantly influenced coconut production, while temperature, humidity, and wind speed exhibited weaker effects. To improve model stability and avoid multicollinearity, a simplified log-ARIMAX(1,1,1) model was developed by retaining rainfall as the primary exogenous variable. This model achieved the lowest AIC value among the evaluated climate-based models, indicating improved parsimony and explanatory capability. Forecasting results for 2025–2029 indicate a moderate and continuous increase in coconut production. Although ARIMA provides superior predictive accuracy, the rainfall-based ARIMAX model offers additional insights into climate–production relationships, making it valuable for supporting climate-informed forecasting and the future development of early warning frameworks for coconut plantation productivity.
Efficacy of Emprit Ginger Extract Containing Shogaol Compounds Armyworm (Spodoptera Litura) Larvae Yabez Yabez; Ruth Meike Jayanti; Maria Marina Herawati
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 10 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v10i3.573

Abstract

Spodoptera litura is a polyphagous pest that causes serious damage to various agricultural commodities. Control methods that still rely on synthetic pesticides negatively influence the environment and health, necessitating more environmentally friendly control alternatives. This study aims to determine the efficacy of ginger extract (Zingiber officinale var. amarum), which contains shogaol compounds, on the mortality of third instar S. litura larvae. The study was conducted experimentally using a one-factor completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatment levels: a positive control (fenite 150 OD), a negative control (Aquades), and ginger extract concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%, each with four replicates. Mortality tests were conducted using the topical application method and observed for 72 h. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Tukey's test, and probit analysis to determine the LC₅₀, LC₉₀, LT₅₀, and LT₉₀ values. The results showed that ginger extract treatment significantly influenced the mortality of S. litura larvae (Sig. = 0.032). The 8% concentration resulted in the highest mortality of 82.5% at 72 h and the highest efficacy value of 82.5%, approaching that of the positive control. The LT₅₀ and LT₉₀ values were 37.15 hours and 64.81 hours, respectively, while the LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values were 0.815% and 23.134%. The extract treatment also caused morphological changes in the larvae, including changes in body color, shrinkage, and tissue damage. Emprit ginger extract containing 6.8% shogaol, particularly at an 8% extract concentration, has the potential to serve as an effective environmentally friendly biopesticide in controlling S. litura.
Utilizationof Rice Husk-derived Microsilica as a Reinforcing Agent in MOCAF Starch-based Bioplastics: Enhancing Mechanical Strength, Barrier Properties and Thermal Stability Ruri Wijayanti; Emriadi Emriadi; Anwar Kasim; Nalwida Rozen
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 10 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v10i3.581

Abstract

Starch-based bioplastics are increasingly recognized as eco-friendly substitutes for conventional synthetic plastics owing to their renewable origins and biodegradability. However, their poor mechanical properties and high affinity for water limit their practical applications. In this study, microsilica derived from rice husks was incorporated as a reinforcing agent to enhance the performance of bioplastics based on a modified cassava flour (MOCAF) starch matrix. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of bioplastics with a MOCAF starch matrix and microsilica added at various concentrations. Bioplastics were prepared with the solution casting method involving starch extraction, gelatinization, addition of microsilica at varying concentrations (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%), incorporation of a plasticizer (glycerol) and subsequent molding. The results demonstrated that microsilica addition significantly affected the physicochemical properties of the bioplastics. Tensile strength increased with microsilica content, reaching a maximum of 3.73 MPa at 5 wt%, followed by decreases at higher concentrations. Conversely, elongation at break decreased with increasing microsilica content, indicating reduced flexibility. Water absorption also decreased, indicating increased water resistance in the bioplastics. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed the interaction between microsilica and the starch matrix, while thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed increased thermal stability after the addition of microsilica. Overall, the incorporation of microsilica effectively improved the mechanical, thermal and barrier properties of the MOCAF-based bioplastics, highlighting their potential for developing more durable and environmentally friendly materials.
Drying Performance and Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of a Circular-Pipe Conical-Floor Paddy In-Store Dryer Diswandi Nurba; Muhammad Yasar; Dyah Wulandani
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 10 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v10i3.589

Abstract

The in-store dryer (ISD) is a well-established convective drying-storage system; however, conventional designs often suffer from uneven airflow distribution and inefficient heat transfer. To address this gap, this study introduces a novel configuration featuring a circular-pipe conical floor and an improved hot-air supply arrangement through axial-blower repositioning and inlet-air regulation to enhance airflow uniformity. Drying experiments were conducted using 300 kg of paddy over an 8-h drying period. The measured operating condition was then applied as the boundary condition for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. The improved ISD maintained relatively stable drying conditions, with a mean chamber temperature of 37.13 °C, internal RH of 57.32%, and an inlet airflow rate of 0.66 m³ s⁻¹ (corresponding to a velocity of 5.35 m s⁻¹ during blower operation). Paddy moisture content decreased from 17.78% to 10.44% (w.b.), corresponding to an apparent moisture reduction rate of 0.92 percentage points h⁻¹. The estimated total specific energy consumption was 20.98 MJ kg⁻¹ water evaporated. CFD validation, performed by comparing simulated data with measured values at specific sensor points inside the drying chamber, showed acceptable to good agreement, with RMSE values of 0.54 °C for temperature, 1.73% for RH, and 0.38 m s⁻¹ for airflow velocity, and correlation coefficients of 0.81, 0.76, and 0.84, respectively. These results indicate that the improved ISD achieved effective bulk paddy drying and that the validated CFD model adequately represented the internal airflow and thermal-humidity behavior of the system.
Influence of Light and Humidity on Infection Dynamics of Potential Entomopathogenic Fungus Against Spodoptera frugiperda Ambar Susanti; Suharto Suharto; Hardian Susilo Addy; Tri Candra Setiawati
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 10 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v10i3.591

Abstract

The effectiveness of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) in suppressing insect pests is strongly influenced by environmental conditions, particularly light exposure and relative humidity. This study evaluated the effects of ambient light and relative humidity on the pathogenicity and infection dynamics of Simplicillium lanosoniveum against Spodoptera frugiperdalarvae. A completely randomized design factorial 2 x 2 was used, with light exposure (ambient light under open and dark under enclosed conditions) and relative humidity (45% RH and 80% RH) factors.  Second–third instar larvae were inoculated with EPF, and each treatment included 25 individually reared larvae, arranged into five biological replicates of five larvae each, with each larva maintained in a separate. Larval mortality was recorded daily for 10 days and analyzed using a generalized linear model (GLM) with a binomial distribution. Ambient light exposure, relative humidity, and their interaction had no statistically significant effects on larval mortality (p > 0.05). Goodness-of-fit statistics indicated that the model adequately fit the data, with deviance and Pearson chi-square values close to unity. Numerically, the highest mortality (92%) and the shortest median lethal time (LT₅₀ = 6.4 days) were observed under dark conditions at 80% RH, whereas the lowest mortality (72%) and the longest LT₅₀ (8.3 days) occurred under ambient light at 45% RH Although the observed numerical pattern suggested a tendency toward faster infection under higher humidity, it was not statistically significant. Overall, S. lanosoniveum maintained relatively stable pathogenicity across the tested environmental conditions, indicating its potential for development as a biological control agent against S. frugiperda.
A Biotechnological Approach to Flavonoid Enrichment of Red Andong (Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev.) Leaves via Bacillus subtilis Solid-State Fermentation Fahrauk Faramayuda; Rian Maulana Muttaqin; Soraya Riyanti
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 10 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v10i3.596

Abstract

Red andong (Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev.) is a medicinal plant widely used in Indonesian traditional medicine and is known to contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, saponins, and polyphenols with demonstrated pharmacological value. Flavonoids are of particular interest due to their antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties. Solid-state fermentation using Bacillus subtilis has emerged as a biotechnological strategy to enhance phytochemical content and bioavailability. This study aimed to: (i) quantify the total flavonoid content (TFC) of red andong leaf extracts subjected to B. subtilis ITBCCB112-mediated solid-state fermentation at 24 and 48 hours, compared to non-fermented controls; (ii) evaluate extraction yield as a function of fermentation duration; and (iii) assess the organoleptic characteristics of fermented verses non-fermented extracts. Fresh leaves were fermented at 37°C, followed by maceration in 70% ethanol. TFC was determined spectrophotometrically using the AlCl₃ colorimetric method with quercetin as the standard. The results showed a progressive increase in TFC from 0.34% (non-fermented) to 0.96% (24 hours) and 1.36% (48 hours), expressed as quercetin equivalents. These findings indicate that B. subtilis-mediated fermentation is an effective biotechnological approach for enhancing  flavonoid content in C. fruticosa, with 48 hours producing the highest TFC among the durations tested. This study contributes to the valorization of Indonesian medicinal plants through microbial bioconversion strategies, with potential applications in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical product development.

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