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Maria Viva Rini
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Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Published by Green Engineering Society
ISSN : 26214709     EISSN : 26212528     DOI : https://www.jaast.org/index.php/jaast/article/view
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology (JAAST) is an international journal, focuses on applied agricultural science and applied agricultural technology in particular: agricultural mechanization, food sciences, food technology, agricultural information technology, agricultural economics, agricultural statistics, bioinformatics, farm structure, farm power, agricultural machinery, irrigation and drainage, land and water resources engineering, renewable energy, environment, crop production, and crop protection.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Agronomi dan Ilmu Tanaman
Articles 172 Documents
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Effects of Price Inflation on Urban Households' Food Expenditure Patterns in Port Harcourt, South-South Nigeria: Insights on Food and Nutrition Security Michael Ige Ediabai Edaba; Emmanuel Akosim Ebele
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i4.472

Abstract

Port Harcourt is the most economically vibrant city in Nigeria after Lagos, and it has an estimated population exceeding three million people. In recent years, food commodities, especially energy-rich foods, have continued to gain significant market value in the city. This study examined the effects of price inflation on food expenditure patterns in Port Harcourt, South-South Nigeria, against the backdrop of food and nutrition security. The study examined 265 urban households in the city, and special attention was given to common dietary food sources such as rice, yam, garri, noodles, beans, meat/fish, vegetables, and oils. The research used descriptive and inferential statistical models, including quartile, chi-square, multiple regression, and the Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System models. Results of the analysis revealed that garri and rice were the most frequently consumed food products in the area. Similarly, the households spent a significant weekly share of their food budget (54 per cent) on energy-rich foods (rice, garri, yam, and noodles) compared to meat/fish (46 per percent) and vegetables (27 per cent). Furthermore, in the buildup to the regression analysis. The double-log functional form was selected as the lead equation with an R² of 93.68 per cent, with age (0.1893), household size (0.0512), income (0.0201), price of meat and fish (-0.0081), and consumer preference (0.0038) significantly influencing household expenditure on energy-rich foods. The Marshallian uncompensated own price elasticities for rice, garri, beans, and meat/fish were found to be -0.713, 0.374, -0.891, and -1.271, while the Hicksian cross price elasticities for yam and noodles as well as that of vegetables and oils were 0.062 and 0.163, respectively, implying that these commodities were inelastic and close substitutes. The elasticity estimates indicate that most food commodities are inelastic and exhibit substitution tendencies, particularly between vegetables and oils. Policymakers should therefore prioritize price stabilization, income enhancement, and food supply diversification to strengthen urban food and nutrition security.
Phenotypic Evaluation and Potential of Superior Varieties in Hybrid Watermelon (F1) from Single Cross Anung Wahyudi; Yesika Tarigan; Ria Putri; Akbar Hidayatullah Zaini; Septiana Septiana; April Lia Sahidah
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i4.473

Abstract

Superior hybrid watermelon seeds developed by university plant breeders are currently very limited, with most farmers relying on seeds from national seed companies. This research aims to identify the superior characteristics of watermelon plants, both qualitatively and quantitatively. This study employed a Randomized Block Design (RBD), with six F1 hybrid watermelon lines and four control varieties as factors. Data were analyzed using the F-test, and significant differences were further examined using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at the 5% level. Qualitative data were used to cluster analysis based on agronomic characteristics, calculated using NTSYS software. The results indicate significant variations in several morphological and agronomic traits among watermelon genotypes. Genotype WM 2210-1606 is superior in stem diameter, flowering time, and early harvest. Genotype WM 2210-1110 excels in vine and leaf length. GARNIS has the highest fruit weight, and WM 2210-1606 shows higher sugar content at the fruit's edge. Cluster analysis divides the genotypes into three main groups based on trait similarities. These variations highlight the potential for improving watermelon quality through breeding superior genotypes.
Application of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy to Evaluate Ripeness and Storage-Induced Quality Changes in Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) Ronaldo Talapessy; Gianita A. Salamena; Pricillia J. Sabandar; Tomoaki Ikegami
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i4.476

Abstract

Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) is an endemic fruit essential in the food industry; nevertheless, local farmers still rely on conventional methods to determine harvest time. The objectives of the research are to determine the freshness and ripening of nutmeg using the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) method. This study investigates the impedance of ripe and unripe nutmeg after five days of storage at 27°C and 4°C within a frequency range of 0–15 MHz.  Ripe fruit has an impedance of 2-6 MW, lower than unripe fruit at 9-12 MW.. The high and steady impedance at low frequencies indicated the low moisture content and preserved cellular integrity of the ripe fruit. In contrast, the impedance of unripe fruits decreases gradually, indicating greater permeability and tissue disintegration. Advanced tissue breakdown reduces impedance despite decreasing water content, and these electrical changes are associated with mass loss from respiration and dehydration. The weight of nutmeg remains stable at lower temperatures but decreases at room temperature. The findings demonstrate that EIS is a rapid and non-invasive technique for assessing nutmeg maturity and postharvest quality, supporting more accurate prediction and improved storage management.
Comparative Assessment of Antioxidant Properties Between In-Vitro Cultured Cat's Whiskers Leaves (Orthosiphon stamineus) and Quercetin Fahrauk Faramayuda; Dinda Choirunnisa; Yenni Karlina
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i4.479

Abstract

The present study investigates the antioxidant properties of in-vitro cultured leaves of cat's whiskers (Orthosiphon stamineus) compared to the well-known antioxidant quercetin. Antioxidants are crucial for neutralizing free radicals and play a significant role in protecting cells from oxidative stress, a contributing factor to various diseases and aging processes. The research aims to quantify and compare the radical scavenging activity of extracts from the in vitro cultured leaves and quercetin, using the DPPH method, a widely recognized assay in antioxidant research. Extraction involved macerating in-vitro cultured cat's whiskers leaves with 96% ethanol, which facilitates the dissolution of active phytochemicals. Antioxidant activity was subsequently assessed through the DPPH assay, where colorimetric change indicates the extract’s scavenging ability towards free radicals. The findings revealed that the in vitro cultured leaves extract exhibited a potent antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 0.74 μg/mL, significantly lower than quercetin’s IC50 value of 7.51 μg/mL. These results highlight the potential of in-vitro cultured cat's whiskers as a natural antioxidant source, suggesting possible applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries, where combating oxidative stress is essential for health maintenance and disease prevention. Further research is necessary to elucidate the specific biochemical pathways and mechanisms underpinning the antioxidant capacity of the in vitro cultured leaves extracts.
Identification of Resistance of Local Rice Genotypes from Solok Selatan, West Sumatra to Leaf Blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) and Iron (Fe)Toxicity Vera Septaria; Musliar Kasim; Irfan Suliansyah; Auzar Syarif; Juniarti Juniarti
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i4.486

Abstract

Rice production in acidic soils is often limited by leaf blast disease and iron (Fe) toxicity. This study aimed to identify local rice genotypes cultivated in Solok Selatan that are tolerant to leaf blast disease and iron stresses at the vegetative stage. Ten rice genotypes, consisting of six local genotypes and four comparison genotypes, were tested under three levels of soil Fe content (11,393.12 ppm, 16,781.83 ppm, and 18,699.25 ppm) using a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The observed variables were number of tillers, root length, leaf blast score, and Fe toxicity score. The results showed that Batang Piaman had the highest number of tillers (72.00), while Guliang Tandai Merah and Batu Hampar Putih had the longest roots (50.67 cm and 49.78 cm). Guliang Tandai Merah had the lowest leaf blast score (2.89), and together with Batang Piaman, also showed low Fe toxicity scores (3.56 and 3.22), indicating good tolerance. In contrast, Simauang and IR64 were the most susceptible against iron toxicity compared to other rice genotypes. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) explained 81.80% of the total variation and placed Batang Piaman and Cilamaya Muncul in the quadrant of high tolerance and good agronomic traits. Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into three major clusters, with Guliang Tandai Merah and Batu Hampar Putih forming a distinct group based on strong root traits. Although no genotype was completely resistant, Batang Piaman and Guliang Tandai Merah are promising candidates for breeding programs targeting leaf blast and Fe toxicity tolerance.
Spatial Characterization of NDVI-Based Vegetation Density in Smallholder Coffee Plantation on Mount Kawi’s Southern Slopes Dinna Hadi Sholikah; Nabilla Putry Maharani; Ramadhani Mahendra Kusuma; Dewi Shasa Bella; Yoga Gregorius Sembiring; Fitri Wijayanti; Soemarno Soemarno
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i4.494

Abstract

Indonesia’s coffee cultivation covers 1.25 million hectares, predominantly managed by smallholders (98.14%). Malang Regency, a key production area in East Java, experienced a sharp yield decline from 29,728 tonnes (2021) to 14,151 tonnes (2022). This study investigates smallholder plantations in the Kletek sub-watershed, emphasising the role of shade vegetation in coffee growth. Shade density critically influences productivity and ecological resilience. To support sustainable management, vegetation cover is assessed via remote sensing using the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), enabling spatial analysis of canopy structure. This research aims to analyse the types of coffee shade trees on smallholder coffee farms. NDVI is used to distinguish differences in land cover, including coffee shade. The study employed a land survey using the grid method with 30 observation points. Spatial analysis involves spectral transformation of Sentinel-2A Harmonised imagery, while statistical analysis uses correlation tests. Smallholder coffee farms in the Kletek Sub-watershed feature shade plants such as lamtoro, mahogany, and banana trees. NDVI values across these plantations ranged from moderate (0.4–0.5) to very high (>0.6) vegetation density, showing a strong correlation with land cover conditions (r = 0.80). This confirms NDVI as an effective remote sensing tool for assessing shade vegetation, significantly influencing coffee productivity and ecological resilience. The findings support NDVI-based monitoring for precision agriculture and adaptive management, with scalable applications in sustainable land-use planning, agroforestry optimisation, and climate-resilient coffee cultivation in regions such as Malang Regency, where production has declined.
Morphological Degradation of Sago Starch (Metroxylon sp.) Bioplastic of Palopo, South Sulawesi Pria Gautama; Budiawan Sulaeman; Nurhidayanti Nurhidayanti
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v9i4.501

Abstract

The growing concern over non-organic plastic waste has driven the development of bioplastics from renewable sources, such as sago starch (Metroxylon sp.), as an environmentally friendly alternative. This study aims to analyze the morphological structural changes of sago starch bioplastics exposed to UV radiation using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The bioplastics were prepared from sago starch, subjected to controlled UV irradiation, and subsequently examined with SEM to observe microstructural modifications. The results demonstrate that UV radiation significantly induces degradation and structural alterations, characterized by increased surface roughness, and changes in the fracture structure and cross-section of the bioplastic. SEM images show the progression of structural damage at various UV exposure times (24, 48, and 72 hours), illustrating the formation of cracks, micro-cavities, and increased porosity. These findings underscore the importance of understanding UV degradation for developing more environmentally resistant sago bioplastics.
Tropical Almond–Based Yogurt Fortified with Celery: A Functional Food for Lipid Profile Improvement and Anti-Inflammatory Support Soraya Habibi; Einstivina Nuryandani; Nanik Suhartatik; Merkuria Karyantina; Fadilah Husnun; Akhmad Mustofa; Pundhi Ludiani Hartiwi
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v10i1.505

Abstract

The development of yogurt as a functional food has gained significant attention. Tropical almond (Terminalia catappa) is rich in fat and protein, while celery is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic properties. This study investigated the development of functional yogurt made from tropical almond milk fortified with celery extract. It employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with varying celery extract concentrations (1%, 2%, and 3%) and fermented for 14, 17, and 20 hours. The results showed that after 17 hours of fermentation, total acid-producing bacteria reached 7.87 log CFU (colony forming unit)/ml, exhibiting acceptable sensory attributes and enhanced antioxidant activity. In vivo tests on Wistar rats revealed significant reductions in malondialdehyde (MDA) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, which indicate anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects. These findings highlight the potential of tropical almond-based yogurt as a novel functional food, paving the way for sustainable dietary interventions targeting metabolic health.
Rice Deep Knowledge Graph-Based Expert System: An Intelligent Solution for Identifying Rice Pests and Diseases Muhammad Ariful Furqon; Muhamad Arief Hidayat; Windi Eka Yulia Retnani; Gayatri Dwi Santika
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v10i1.332

Abstract

Accurate diagnosis of rice pests and diseases is essential but often challenging using traditional methods, which are time-consuming and prone to human error. In this study, we propose the Rice Deep Knowledge Graph (RiceDKG) Expert System, which integrates deep learning techniques, particularly Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), with a Knowledge Graph to enhance symptom pattern-based diagnosis accuracy. This hybrid approach captures relationships among rice plant symptoms while leveraging systematically constructed domain knowledge. The system was evaluated on a dataset of 25 test cases, encompassing various symptoms such as brown spots, leaf curling, and fungal damage. Evaluation results demonstrate an overall accuracy of 84%, with 21 out of 25 cases correctly diagnosed, compared to expert evaluations. These findings indicate that integrating LSTM with knowledge graphs improves the system's ability to handle diverse diagnostic scenarios.
Detection of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) Larval Infestation on Leeks and Shallots: A Case Study in North Tapanuli and Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia Ameilia Zuliyanti Siregar; Suputa Suputa; Lindung Tri Puspasari; Abdul Hafiz Ab. Majid
Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology
Publisher : Green Engineering Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55043/jaast.v10i1.368

Abstract

North Sumatra Province is the eighth largest producer of shallots (Allium cepa) in Indonesia (1.09%, 53,962 tons). Declining shallot production is primarily caused by attacks by pests and pathogens, which are responsible for 20–100% decreases in yields. Spodoptera exigua larvae are among pests with significant effects on shallot productivity. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of various methods of monitoring Spodoptera exigua infestation on shallots, particularly of the Batu Ijo and Brebes varieties, including the use of yellow sticky traps, blue ball traps, sweep nets, and hand-picking, for the purpose of increasing farmers' income in North Tapanuli and Karo, Sumatra Utara. The research was conducted in Parhorboan Village, Pagaran Sub-district, North Tapanuli Regency, and Juhar Sub-district, Karo Regency, North Sumatra, from June to July 2024. To be precise, it was conducted in three farmers' planting areas, using the diagonal slice method with five sub-plots and observations with one-week intervals at the sampling locations. The results showed that the infestation by S. exigua larvae was higher on shallots than on leeks. The highest average number of larvae recorded on leeks was 0.78 larva per plant, while shallots had an average of 1.84 larvae per plant. Furthermore, the highest average percentage of S. exigua larval infestation on leeks was 16.78%, while the infestation on shallots reached 32.15%. The intensity of S. exigua infestation fell within the 3–5 categories, which correspond to medium to very high levels. The independent sample t-test results showed significant differences in both the population and infestation percentage of S. exigua larvae in the leek and shallot planting areas.

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