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Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 23031816     EISSN : 25032356     DOI : https://doi.org/10.53638/
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
ublic Health and Preventive Medicine Archive (PHPMA) is an open access, peer reviewed journal published by Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University. Issues covered in the journal are as the following: Environmental and occupational health Field and Clinical Epidemiology Global health Health policy analysis Health promotion Health systems and health care management Maternal and child health Program monitoring and evaluation Public health nutrition Reproductive health, sexually transmitted infections and HIV related issues Travel health and health tourism Population and family planning Disaster management
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 310 Documents
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Health care-seeking from the traditional herbal healers in Denpasar City Sri Yuniari; Ketut Suastika; Luh Seri Ani
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 1 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2013.v1.i2.p03

Abstract

Traditional herbal treatment is one of treatment efforts beyond medical science which is currently quite popular among people in Denpasar. Seeking health care from traditional herbal healers is not only has a positive impact but also negative ones. Excessive promotion in various media causes people to be less rational in choosing health care services. This study aims to determine the association between knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and media information with the health care-seeking from traditional herbal healers. The study design was analytic cross-sectional. Sample was consecutively selected from the population involving 129 people who have met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected by using questionnaire. Chi-square results showed that all variables examined were significantly associated with health care-seeking from the traditional herbal healers. Results from logistic regression indicated that only belief was significantly associated with the level of patient visits to traditional herbal healers (RP=6.57; 95%CI: 1.43-8.84, p=0.006 and R2=49.5%). Denpasar City Health Office should improved guidance and control the traditional herbal healers so as to provide a sense of security to the community.
Handwashing as a risk factor for increasing ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence at Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, 2012 Abdul Azis; Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri; Ketut Tuti Parwati Merati
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 1 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2013.v1.i2.p04

Abstract

Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is a lower respiratory tract nosocomial infection which frequently resulted from mechanical ventilation support of more than 48 hours in an intensive care unit (ICU). The incidence of VAP at Sanglah Hospital is 15.48 per 1000 days used still higher than the national standard of 10 per 1000 days used. Risk factors for VAP transmission include host condition, medical equipment hygiene and healthcare provider behaviors, including handwashing. This study aimed to analyze contributing risk factors for VAP incidence at Sanglah Hospital, specifically handwashing procedures. Study applied a case control design with 27 cases (those with VAP) and 54 controls (non-VAP), from similar gender and age backgrounds. Case control data was obtained from medical records of 2012. Data from healthcare providers (doctors and nurses attending to the study population) was obtained through interviewing using structure questionnaires and cross checking through assessment of medical records. The univariate and bivariate data was analyzed by chi square and multivariate by logistic regression. Findings indicated that the contributing factors are healthcare provider handwashing (OR=6.11; 95%CI: 1.54-24.25), length of hospital stay (OR=4.18; 95%CI: 1.36-12.81) and associated disease (OR=4.22; 95%CI: 0.98-18.25). Nurse behaviors contributed to VAP incidence (OR=4.69; 95%CI: 1.22-18.08). Doctors indicated difficulty in adhering to handwashing protocol (the 5 moment handwashing requirements) particularly before aseptic procedure (45,1% in cases and 66,3% in control). Study indicates that poor handwashing behaviors contribute to VAP incidence. There is a need for health promotion initiatives that encourage adherence to official handwashing protocol
Risk factors of maternal mortality due to complications in pregnancy, delivery and postpartum in Bima Regency 2011–2012 Sri Juharni; I Ketut Tangking Widarsa; Dewa Nyoman Wirawan
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 1 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2013.v1.i2.p05

Abstract

The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in West Nusa Tenggara Province in 2010 is about 350/100,000 live births. This figure is higher than national and other provincial figures. Bima that constitutes a regency of West Nusa Tenggara Province has high maternal mortality cases for period of 2011-2012, namely 20 cases. The Ministry of Health classified 3 factors that affect maternal mortality, namely: medical, non-medical and health service factors. The study was aimed at finding out the risk factors that affect maternal mortality. This study is a case control study with the total samples of 20 cases and 60 controls. The data were collected through interviews by using the questionnaires. The collected data were then cross-checked with the registers existing at midwives, health record cards of pregnant women and verbal autopsy documents. The univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were done. Bivariate analysis was using chi square test and multivariate analysis was using logistic regression. The study revealed that factors which increase the maternal mortality rate are the level of Hb<10 gr% (OR=15.19; 95%CI: 3.25–70.97), delayed decision-making (OR=9.28; 95%CI: 2.15–84.80) and delayed medical treatment at referral facilities (OR=13.16; 95%CI: 2.28–104.86). As conclusion, the most contributing factor to maternal mortality is the level of Hb<10 gr%. The efforts to reduce mortality rate should be conducted including increasing Hb level of pregnant women, improving basic obstetric emergency handlings at community health centres for midwives/medical doctors and to improve better referral systems.
Risk factors of stunting for 12-36 month old children in Dasan Agung Public Health Centre, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara Province Imtihanatun Najahah; Kadek Tresna Adhi; Gede Ngurah Indraguna Pinatih
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 1 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2013.v1.i2.p06

Abstract

A very high stunting prevalence (37.17 %) was reported in Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara. Dasan Agung Public Health Centre localed at the centre of Mataram City reports the highest stunting prevalence (27.78%) in children under 5 year of age. The study design was a cross sectional, using a sample of 158 children aged 12-36 month. The dependent variable was 12-36 month old children displaying stunting and the independent variables were socio-economic status, mother’s height, maternal age, mother’s level of education, ANC clinic visit frequency and quality of care, birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, birth order and main caregiver choice. Data was collected through interviews and anthropometric measurement. The instruments used in collecting the data were RISKEDAS and SUSENAS I modification questionnaires, microtoise and infantometer. Data analysis was conducted in stages that included univariate, bivariate (chi-square) and multivariate (logistic regression). A high prevalence of stunting (48.1%) was evident. There were six variables in the bivariate test results impacted upon of association. These were socio-economic status OR=2.83 (95%CI: 1.35-5.94), mother’s height OR=3.37 (95%CI: 1.69-6.72), ANC clinic visit frequency and quality of care OR=2.3 (95%CI: 1.21-4.36), birth weight OR=20.47 (95%CI: 1.16-354.25), exclusive breastfeeding OR=4.94 (95%CI: 2.51-9.74) and complementary feeding OR=6.38 (95%CI: 3.18-12.78). The variables of maternal age, mother’s level of education, birth order and main caregiver choice were not influencing factors. In the multivariate analysis, the dominant variables increasing risk factors was complementary feeding giving OR=7.4 (95%CI: 1.54-34.97), mother’s height OR=2.9 (95%CI: 1.27-6.42) and ANC clinic visit frequency and quality of care OR=2.4 (95%CI: 1.09-5.19). It is recommended that there be efforts to improve the nutrition intake of young girls, women of productive age, pregnant women and children under five years old.
Barriers to the implementation of plan initiative (P4K) in Badung District Putri Mariani; Putu Widarini; Alex Pangkahila
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 1 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2013.v1.i2.p07

Abstract

The family-centered safe birthing initiative (P4K) is aimed to reduce maternal and newborn mortality rates. The P4K program involves the distribution of promotional stickers by community health care workers. In 2011, the coverage of the P4K had reached 100% of villages, and 98.9% of expectant mothers had attached the promotional sticker on a visible section of their homes. However, the process is reported not implemented using standard procedures before placing the sticker on their homes. This study is aimed to explore the barriers to the implementation of P4K in Badung. This study was descriptive qualitative using phenomenology approach. Data were collected using focus group discussion (FGD) with 20 midwives and 10 cadres, in-depth interviews (with 6 expectant mothers and 3 husbands/family members) and participant observation of P4K implementation in public health centers. Secondary data was obtained through relevant P4K document analysis. Informants were purposively selected using the criteria of 1) midwives already trained in P4K, 2) cadres already trained in P4K and 3) P4K participating expectant mothers. Research findings indicate that knowledge, attitude and mother’s and husband’s behaviour impact negatively upon program implementation. There is also an evidence of lack of logistical support including: P4K administrational forms, IEC pamphlets and transportation costs. Midwives and participating healthcare providers have a very good knowledge; however, their behaviour does not demonstrate this. The poor governance of centres and high mobility of expectant mothers also impacted upon program implementation. Future recommendations include program widening of scope and upscale, increased logistical support, continual monitoring and evaluation, research into program funding governance as well as upscale involvement of stakeholders.
Taeniasis saginata infection prevalence in raw beef lawar consumers, in Sukawati Sub-District, Gianyar, 2012 Oka Harimbawa; Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri; I Nyoman Adiputra
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 1 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2013.v1.i2.p08

Abstract

Research indicates that taeniasis and cysticocircosis are endemic in Bali with increasing trend found each year. Previous research in Gianyar District indicated that taeniasis prevalence was 23.8%, with the highest prevalence found in the sub-district of Sukawati. This high prevalence is partly influenced by the community practices and a culture of raw beef consumption in this area. This research used a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data was collected through cross sectional analysis of 80 samples of raw beef consumers (interviews on risk behaviours and past experience). Fecal samples from these respondents were also taken and examined for taeniasis saginata infection. Qualitative data was collected through participatory observation and in-depth interviews with raw beef foodstall owners. The research findings indicated that the percentage of taeniasis saginata infection was found predominantly in the 15-44 age group, were male and did not have a formal education. Bivariate analysis indicated that the most significant factors were gender (p=0.018), location of foodstall (p=0.001) and respondent lawar consumption frequency (p=0.013). Multivariate analysis using cox regression methods found that the location of foodstall had a significant correlation with the occurrence of taeniasis saginata (p=0.003). Recommendations include education for raw beef providers and upscaled testing of consumers and further research into other variables such as livestock slaughter behaviours and meat preparation protocols.
Determinant factors of infant mortality in Bima District in 2012 Rini Hendari; I Ketut Tangking Widarsa; Dewa Nyoman Wirawan
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 1 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2013.v1.i2.p09

Abstract

The infant mortality is the death of a child before the age of one year, can be caused by endogenous and exogenous factors. The infant mortality rates influenced by family income, maternal age, birth spacing, the frequency of the ANC visits, the place of delivery, birth weight, breastfeeding, immunisation, maternal knowledge about infant care, clean water sources sanitationary and education related to infant mortality. The purpose of this research was to identify the determinant factors of infant mortality in Bima regency. The type of research is observational analytic, with a case-control study design. The cases were infant who died in January to December 2012, while the control were infant who still alive on the same period. Cases and controls were selected from the community of Bima District. They were selected by using stratified proportional sampling technique and in total they were 153 respondents with a ratio of 1 to 2. Data was collected through interviews and midwives registers documentation. Data were analysed using chi square test and logistic regression. The result showed that the birth weight <2500 gr OR=6.69 (95%CI: 2.11-21.16), birth spacing <24 months OR=6.69 (95%CI: 2.11-21.16), maternal age <20 or >35 years OR=6.63 (95%CI: 1.84-23.90), not exclusively breastfeeding OR=6.23 (95%CI: 2.10-18.46), education related to infant mortality OR=6.02 (95%CI: 2.17-16.65) and clean water sources sanitationary OR=3.72 (95%CI: 1.35-10.25). It can be concluded that birth weight <2500 gr, spacing births <24 months, maternal age <20 or >35 years, not exclusively breastfeeding, education related to infant mortality, clean water sources sanitationary were determinants of infant mortality with the overall contribution of 61.1%. Improving education and promotion related to nutritional requirement for pregnant women, delay in age of marriage, pregnancy planning and exclusive breastfeeding in Bima District are highly essential.
The 2011 health analysis in Mataram City: application of the Bryant Method Aini Khulaila; Made Utama; Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 1 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2013.v1.i2.p10

Abstract

The budget for health program of Mataram City is only allocated IDR 39,868,095,387 or 3.9% of the total annual city budget. It is lower than minimum 5% proportion as required by the government regulation. This study involved assessing the priority areas in health according to implicated stakeholders from the health office (head of communicable diseases control, family health, living environments, immunisations and surveillance staff). Data was collected through the months of January-July 2012 through self administered questionnaire using the Bryant Method. Secondary data (census, economic, socio-cultural and health records as well as population income levels) was obtained through government records. Data was analysed and interpreted in order to gain insight into perceived priority areas. Cross checking of respondent input was conducted to validate data. Results indicated that the priority health issues are: dengue fever, HIV/AIDS, TB, respiratory infections, hypertension, diarrhea and traffic accidents. Obstacles experienced during fieldwork included time restraints from respondents and inconsistencies within secondary data. The absence of the key persons in several discussions and unavailability of written data and reports are the main challenges during investigation. Improving the quality of program data findings and taking the beneficiary of the data source are suggested. Future recommendations include further more qualitative research into the issue, increased collaboration and cooperation between implicated stakeholders as well as more conscientious keeping of public records.
Family functioning, social support and quality of life among elderly in the Public Health Center III South Denpasar Dewianti; Kadek Tresna Adhi; R.A. Tuty Kuswardhani
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 1 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2013.v1.i2.p11

Abstract

The elderly population has increased alongside with the increasing of life expectancy in elderly. Unfortunately, this is not followed by increased quality of life among elderly. Interview with 10 elderly at the Public Health Center III South Denpasar revealed that they experienced loneliness and felt neglected which affect their quality of life. This study aims to determine the relationship between family functioning, social supports (friends, family and community) and quality of life of elderly at the Public Health Center III South Denpasar in 2013. This study is a cross-sectional, involving 125 elderly who still have a partner and was selected using systematic random sampling method. Agreed participants were interviewed to obtain data related to family function, social support (partner, family and community) as well as their quality of life. Data were analysed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate. Statistical testing used were chi-square test and logistic regression. The study revealed that most of the elderly has a low quality of life (62.4%), a low family functioning (72%), lack of family support (54.4%) and lack of community support (67.2%); however, most of them has a high support from their partner (54.4%). The chi square test result showed that function of family, social support (friends, family, and community) were significantly associated with quality of life in elderly (p<0.05). Results of logistic regression showed that function of family has a significant relation with quality of life in elderly (p<0.05). It can be concluded that better family functioning improves the quality of life in elderly.
Risk factors of breast cancer in women at Sanglah General Hospital Trisnadewi; I Made Sutarga; Dyah Pradnyaparamita Duarsa
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 1 No. 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2013.v1.i2.p12

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most common cancer that found in women. More than 800,000 newly identified breast cancer cases are diagnosed in the whole world annually. In Indonesia, breast cancer is the second common cancer among women after servical cancer. Risk factors of breast cancer include pregnancy history, age at first pregnancy, breast feeding history, utilization of hormonal birth control, menarche history, genetic tendencies and past breast infections. This study aimed to assess the risk factors that contribute to increasing breast cancer incidence in cancer patients at Sanglah Hospital. Research used a matched paired case-control study with a sample of 38 female breast cancer patients and 38 female non-cancer patients with similar backgrounds, age and address. Data was collected through questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using bivariate with McNemar test and multivariate analysis using logistic regression. The result of bivariate analysis showed that risk factors that increased breast cancer included breast disease history (OR=13.5; 95%CI: 3.21-56.77) and genetic tendencies (OR=8; 95%CI: 1.84–34.79). The result of multivariate analysis showed that the only significant risk factor was breast infection history (OR=43.19; 95%CI: 8.79-212.27). Future recommendations include increased health promotion about the importance of early detection and screening, as well as information related to the dangers of breast infection/disease. National policy regarding access to mammography facilities should also be prioritised.

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