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Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 23031816     EISSN : 25032356     DOI : https://doi.org/10.53638/
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
ublic Health and Preventive Medicine Archive (PHPMA) is an open access, peer reviewed journal published by Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University. Issues covered in the journal are as the following: Environmental and occupational health Field and Clinical Epidemiology Global health Health policy analysis Health promotion Health systems and health care management Maternal and child health Program monitoring and evaluation Public health nutrition Reproductive health, sexually transmitted infections and HIV related issues Travel health and health tourism Population and family planning Disaster management
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 310 Documents
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Analysis of Inpatients Food Leftover at Sanglah Hospital Bali Province Ni Luh Partiwi Wirasamadi; Kadek Tresna Adhi; I Wayan Weta
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2015.v3.i1.p14

Abstract

Background and purpose: Foods leftover is still very common in many hospitals in Indonesia. Minimum standard of hospitals require that foods leftover of patient is not more than 20%. The aim of this study was to determine the number and cost wasted due to the foods leftover of patient. Methods: The study was cross-sectional involving 68 inpatient subjects in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd ward class and hospitalized up to 10 days and had regular food with a 10-day menu cycle. Data of foods leftover were obtained by three methods: observation, medical records and interview. Foods leftover were measured by Visual Comstock method with the scale of 6 points. Age, sex, length of stay, ward classes, and types of patients’ diseases were obtained from medical records. Patient’s perception of food appearance and taste were gained through interviews. Data were analyzed by independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results: Average number of patients’ food leftover amounted to 14.79%. Patients who left foods were mostly women, aged 50-64 years, hospitalized in the class 2nd and 3rd with a length of stay ≤5 days. Those who had good perception on appearance and taste of the food tended to leave less food leftovers. The average cost of meal wasted a day was Rp 2,939 per patient. There were significant different leftover foods according to gender, age group, length of stay, ward classes, and the patient’s perception (p<0,05), whereas there were no significant different leftover foods according to the type of diseases and the menu cycles (p>0,05). Conclusion: Average number of patients’ food leftover at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar has satisfied hospital minimum standard (less than 20%) with an average daily cost of meal wasted was Rp 2,939 per patient.
Physical Activity, Food Consumption and Nutritional Status among Female High School Students in North Denpasar Nabila Zuhdy; Luh Seri Ani; Ni Wayan Arya Utami
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2015.v3.i1.p15

Abstract

Background and purpose: Optimal nutrition status will lead to health and productive adolescent. Recently, double burden of nutritional status has occurred among adolescent, including underweight and overweight. This study assessed that relationship among adolescent in urban area. Methods: This study was cross-sectional survey with a total sample of 75 female students who were randomly selected from three high schools. Data were collected by interviews using a structured questionnaire, Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQ) and Adolescent Physical Activity Recall Questionnaires (APARQ). Anthropometric measurement was done for height, weight, middle upper arm and stomach circumference. Data of food consumption were analyzed using software Nutri-Survey, WHO Anthro Plus. Thecorrelation of risk factor and nutritional status were tested by linier regression. Results: This study supports the evidence of double burden in nutritional status among high school female students. Despite 18,67% of chronic energy deficiency, 8% students were overweight. Consumption of snack and fast food was also frequent, that may relate to high level of fat sufficiency among them. Variable significantly associated in all indicators of nutritional status was weight control (p<0.05). Physical activities had no significant relationship to nutritional status. Conclusion: There was double burden of nutritional status among high school female students especially overweight. Weight control had significant relationship toward nutritional status, while physical activities had no significant relationship to nutrition status.
Factors Associated to Implant Use among Married Women of Reproductive Age in Banyuwangi Firdawsyi Nuzula; Ni Putu Widarini; I Nyoman Mangku Karmaya
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2015.v3.i1.p16

Abstract

Background and purpose: The proportion of implant use at Tegalsari District of Banyuwangi has increased year by year until it reached 17% in 2013. This proportion was much higher than the national and provincial rates. This study aims to determine factors related to implant use among married women of reproductive age at Tegalsari District of Banyuwangi. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey involving 198 married women of reproductive age who were using contraception at Tegalsari district. Data was collected by conducting interview in each respondent’s house using a structured questionnaire. Univariate analysis was conducted to determine frequency distribution of each variable, bivariate analysis using the chi-square test, and multivariate analysis was performed to determine factors that independently associated to the use of implant using logistic regression. Results: The proportion of implant use in women of reproductive age at Tegalsari District was 21.21%. Multivariate analysis indicated that the statistically significant factors associated with implant use were cultural value with adjusted OR=3.59 (95%CI: 1.44-8.94), knowledge on implant with adjusted OR=15.10 (95%CI: 3.44-74.40), role model with adjusted OR=3.43 (95%CI: 1.47-8.06) and information from health workers with adjusted OR=3.13 (95%CI: 1.16-8.44). Conclusion: Factors related to implant use among married women of reproductive age were supported cultural values, role model, good knowledge about implant and information from health workers.
Tantangan dalam akreditasi terbitan berkala ilmiah Dewa Nyoman Wirawan
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 1 No. 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2013.v1.i1.p01

Abstract

Dengan adanya Peraturan Direktur Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi Nomor 49/Dikti/Kep/2011 tentang Pedoman Akreditasi Terbitan Ilmiah maka langkah-langkah dalam tiga tahun ke depan yang perlu ditempuh menjadi sangat jelas dan rinci baik bagi pengelola maupun calon penulis tetapi akan diperlukan kerja amat keras untuk mewujudkannya. Namun, dengan semangat yang tinggi, dedikasi dan kerja keras, baik dari pengelola maupun calon penulis, maka saya yakin akreditasi Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive pada akhir tahun 2016 akan bisa diraih. Semoga kita semua mendapatkan berkah dari Tuhan Yang Maha Esa.
History of contact and age as determinants of rubella among children in Badung District year 2012 I Ketut Subrata; Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri; Dewa Nyoman Wirawan
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 1 No. 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2013.v1.i1.p02

Abstract

Rubella remains as a health concern in Bali. There have been seven times rubella outbreaks in the last two years, three of which occurred in Badung. No previous research exploring risk factors of rubella have been conducted in Bali. This case control study aimed to obtain the description of risk factors contributing to the incidence of rubella among children in Badung. Total samples were 69 cases and 138 controls. Data were collected by document analysis, interviews, observation and measurements. The instruments used are questionnaires, digital scales brand AND, multifunctional height gauge and meter. Data were analysed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate (logistic regression) methods. The majority of subjects were school-age 170 (82.1%), in a good nutrition status 193 (93.2%), non-immunised 197 (95.2%) and never had contact with the patient 118 (57%). The socioeconomic status is 172 (83.1%) above the regional minimum wage, 77 (37.2%) as private sector employees and 153 (86%) were highly educated. There were four variables found to increase risk of contracting rubella: children age OR=7.19 [95%CI: 2.12-24.36], contact history OR=45.23 [95%CI: 17.67-115.77], residential density OR=2.9 [95%CI: 1.31-6.46] and ventilation OR=3.34 [95%CI: 1.67-6.68]. In the multivariate analysis, contact history OR=44.09 [95%CI: 16.51-117.74] and age OR=16.83 [95%CI: 3.46-18.84] are two dominant factors contributing to rubella among children. Health promotion related to prevention and control, research with accurate diagnosis for control and considering rubella vaccination as a national program need to be conducted.
Environmental conditions, mobility and history of contact as determinants of dengue haemorrhagic fever in Denpasar, 2012 Kenyem Subagia; Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri; Dewa Nyoman Wirawan
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 1 No. 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2013.v1.i1.p03

Abstract

Bali Province is endemic for Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). Denpasar is reported to have the highest cases with incidence rates of 143.2 per 100.000 persons in 2011. Vaccine has not been available until recently and efforts to control the endemic are only achieved modest result. This case control study was aimed to identify risk factors for high incidence rate of DHF in Denpasar. Total cases were 80 and controls were 160 persons. The variables explored were characteristics of the respondents, indoor and outdoor environtment, respondent mobility, history of contact with the DHF patients and larvae presence in public places with a maximum radius of 100 m from respondent’s residence. The data were collected from documents, interviews and observations. The instruments used were questionnaires and check lists. Data analysis was carried out using univariate, bivariate (chi-square) and multivariate (logistic regression) analysis. Bivariate analysis showed several factors which increase the risk of dengue incidence in Denpasar: age OR=1.88 [95%CI: 1.09-3.23], indoor condition OR=8.27 [95%CI: 2.63-26.07], mobility OR=2.78 [95%CI: 1.57-4.92] and contact history OR=2.85 [95%CI: 1.62-5.03]. After multivariate analysis, the variables that contributed to increase the risk of DHF incidence in Denpasar were age OR=1.09 [95%CI: 1.06-1.11], indoor environment condition OR=10.74 [95%CI: 2.94-39.32], respondent mobility OR=3.12 [95%CI: 1.55-6.28] and history of contact OR=2.4 [95%CI: 1.21-4.79]. Health promotion need to be improved to prevent DHF by increasing indoor environmental quality including intervention to refregerator drainage and residual water tapping at dispenser
Women’s vulnerability to STIs and HIV transmission: high risk sexual behaviour in Denpasar City Desak Made Sintha Kurnia Dewi; Luh Putu Lila Wulandari; I Nyoman Mangku Karmaya
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 1 No. 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2013.v1.i1.p04

Abstract

Department of Health of Bali Province reported an increase of reported HIV cases among pregnant women. A sero-survey among pregnant women in 2010 has found 1% of pregnant women are HIV positive. This fact might indicate the possibility of women’s vulnerability to HIV in Bali, mainly due to the high risk behavior of their sexual partner. There has been limited study exploring this vulnerability, and how this vulnerability might affect their risk in contracting HIV. This study aimed at exploring women’s vulnerability to HIV by looking at the individual, households and their community high risk behaviors which might consequently affect the women risk to HIV transmission. Qualitative study was employed by using indepth semi structured interview with 21 informants. The informants were chosen to ensure the variations of the risk behaviors as such might reveal different risk which might affect women. The informants consisted of men, women, HIV counselor and health providers in three different health services in Denpasar. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. To improve data validity, member checking and peer debriefing techniques were used. The study found that there has been variation in the factors which affects women’s vulnerability within individual, household, and community levels. These included the multisexual partners of women and or their sexual partners, buying sex, drug injecting behaviours of their partners and inconsistent condom use which due mainly to the low bargaining position of women in condom negotiation.
Anemia among pregnant women first and second trimester increases risk for low birth weight babies in Wangaya Hospital, Denpasar I Ketut Labir; I Ketut Tangking Widarsa; Ketut Suwiyoga
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 1 No. 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2013.v1.i1.p05

Abstract

Low birth weight is one of the major contributors to infant mortality rate (IMR). One of the dominant risk factors for the low birth weight is anemia. This study aimed to investigate the effect of anemia in pregnant women at first and second trimester to the incidence of low birth weight at Wangaya Hospital Denpasar. This study is a retrospective cohort design. The total samples were 150 respondents; 50 pregnant women with anemia in the first trimester, 50 pregnant women with anemia in the second trimester and 50 pregnant women without anemia. Samples were taken from medical records at Wangaya Hospital Denpasar using simple random sampling method. Data were collected by documentation study and data analysis was done using logistic regression. The results showed that pregnant women with anemia in the first trimester were having a risk of 10 times to give low birth weight compared to pregnant women who are not anemia [RR=10.29; 95%CI: 2.21-47.90], whereas pregnant women with anemia in the second trimester were at risk 16 times greater of having a low birth weight baby compared to pregnant women who are not anemia [RR=16; 95%CI: 3.49-73.41]. There was no difference in the incidence of low birth weight among anemia first and second trimester [p=0.297]. We can conluded that anemia among pregnant women in the first and second trimester increased the risk of low birth weight. The results of this study can be used by policy makers to planning prevention strategies to reduce the incidence of low birth weight babies including intensify the antenatal care program for pregnant women.
Group breathing-based exercise to improve cardiopulmonory fitness of aged care patients in Werdha Wana Seraya Denpasar Ni Made Parwati; I Nyoman Mangku Karmaya; Dewa Putu Sutjana
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 1 No. 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2013.v1.i1.p06

Abstract

The aging process greatly impacts upon individual’s physical, mental, psychosocial and spiritual health. Those aged 30 years and over experience an annual 1% decline in cardiopulmonary fitness every year. Based on this, it is estimated that oxygen consumption capacity by cardiopulmonary fitness of someone aged 60 years will eventually decline to 35%. This study assessed the positive impact of breathing-based exercise on cardiopulmonary fitness of the aged patients of Werdha Wana Seraya in Denpasar. The aims of this study were to identify and to analyze differences of mean cardiopulmonary fitness among aged care patients before and after carrying out breathing-based exercise. Study design used one group pretest and posttest based on sample of 15 individuals using a purposive sampling. The cardiopulmonary fitness is measured using the Rockport method. The independent variable was breathing-based exercise and cardiopulmonary fitness was the dependent variable. Breathing-based exercise was held three times a week over a period of eight weeks during which time data on the impact on cardiopulmonary fitness were collected. Data were analysed using a paired sample t test. The study found that breathing-based exercise can improve cardiopulmonary fitness from 21 ml/kg/min up to 21.87 ml/kg/min [p=0.0001]. To conclude, conducting breathing-based exercise with aged cared patients can have a positive impact on their cardiopulmonary fitness and such activities should be supported.
Relationship between staff characteristics, motivation and financial incentive upon performance of maternal and child health workers in public health centres, Gianyar District Oka Beratha; Ida Bagus Wirakusuma; I Gede Adnyana Sudibya
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 1 No. 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2013.v1.i1.p07

Abstract

Maternal and child health (MCH) program plays a vital role in improving mother and child health. The success of such a program depends on the quality of service obtained from health care providers. The MCH program coverage in Gianyar District is still below the national target. This study aims to determine the relationship between staff characteristics, motivation and financial incentive upon the performance of MCH workers in public health care centres. The study design was cross-sectional with sample of 70 people. Samples were selected using a systematic random sampling. The independent variables were age, duration of employment, education, training, motivation and financial incentive while the dependent variable was the official performance. Data was collected using interview and observation. Data were analysed using univariate, bivariate (chi-square) and multivariate (logistic regression) analysis. The majority of respondents 41 (58.6%) were lower age, shorter tenure 39 (55.7%), college-educated 57 (81.4%), 36 (51.4%) had received training, 42 (60.0%) of participants demonstrated low motivation, 47 (60.7%) were influenced by amount of financial incentives and high performance staff is only 40 (57.1%). From the bivariate analysis, there was a significant association between training [OR=2.88; 95%CI: 1.08-7.67], motivation [OR=6.77; 95%CI: 2.15-21.29] and financial incentives [OR=4.09; 95%CI: 1.30-12.85] and staff performance. From the multivariate analysis, only training [OR=6.11; 95%CI: 1.61-23.23], motivation [OR=7.48; 95%CI: 1.81-30.93] and financial incentives [OR=5.09; 95%CI: 1.12-23.21) were found to have significant association. Based on study findings, there is a need to increase incentive and further staff training to increase staff motivation to improve the overall performance output.

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