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Prof. Diah Ayu Maharani, DDS, PhD
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Makara Journal of Health Research
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23563664     EISSN : 23563656     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/msk
Core Subject :
Makara Journal of Health Research (MJHR) is a peer-reviewed and scientific journal published by Universitas Indonesia. Starting from 2019 onwards, MJHR is redirecting its scope, focusing on publishing research articles relevant to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) addressing issues of surveillance, disease management and health policy in the Asia Pacific and Mediterranean countries. Relevant academic articles regarding NCDs analyzed from an integrated perspective including individual and population level, experimental and clinical approaches, epidemiology, public health, disease prevention and health promotion, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and palliative care are welcome.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 280 Documents
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Association Between Maternal Factors and Stunting Based on the Indonesia Family Life Survey 5 (IFLS-5)
Makara Journal of Health Research
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Background: Stunting remains a major issue in Indonesia. Maternal factors during pregnancy are one of the key determinants in preventing stunting. This study aimed to analyze the association between maternal history during pregnancy (age, height, parity, and inter-pregnancy interval) and stunting, with a comparison between urban and rural areas. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study used data from 3,639 children aged 1-5 years old from the household survey of Indonesia Family Life Survey 5, conducted between late October 2014 and August 2015 within 13 provinces in Indonesia. Data was analyzed using chi-square and binary logistic regression methods. Results: The toddlers were predominantly boys (51.9%), with a mean age of 3 years (1–5). Around 37% were stunted. Stunting was associated with adolescent mothers, short maternal stature, high parity, and rural residence. In both urban and rural areas, these maternal factors were significantly associated with stunting. Conclusions: Younger maternal age, lower maternal height, and high parity were significant predictors of stunting, including in both urban and rural areas. Stunting management strategies should prioritize reducing early pregnancy, improving maternal nutrition, and limiting high parity with equitable implementation across rural areas to address existing disparities in Indonesia.
Self-Efficacy and Health Promotion: The Roles of Family Health and Health Literacy
Makara Journal of Health Research
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Background: Chronic noncommunicable diseases are the leading causes of death globally and in Türkiye, emphasizing the need to explore how individual, familial, and informational factors shape health-promoting behaviors. This study examined whether family health and health literacy sequentially mediate the relationship between general self-efficacy and health-promoting behaviors among adults in Türkiye. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted with 1,240 adults in Konya Province, Türkiye, between November and December 2022. Participants completed the Turkish versions of the General Self-Efficacy, Family Health, Health Literacy, and Health-Promoting and Protective Behaviors Scales. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and PROCESS macro Model 6 to test the serial mediation model, accounting for both direct and indirect effects. Results: Self-efficacy, family health, and health literacy were significantly and positively associated with health-promoting behaviors (p < 0.001). The serial mediation analysis confirmed that family health and health literacy partially and sequentially mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and HPBs. Notably, the model demonstrated a substantial effect size, explaining 38.4% of the total variance in HPBs. Conclusions: Self-efficacy influences health behaviors both directly and indirectly through its impact on family health and health literacy. Interventions should target both individual motivation and relational and informational support, especially in collectivist contexts such as the one in Türkiye.
Examination of Health-Seeking Behavior in Individuals with Chronic Diseases
Makara Journal of Health Research
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Background: Chronic illnesses are long-term, noncommunicable diseases that significantly affect daily life. In addition to physical symptoms, they can reduce quality of life by causing psychological effects such as anxiety and depression. Patients often seek health information to better manage their condition. Methods: This study aimed to examine the level of health information-seeking behavior among individuals with chronic diseases and the factors influencing this behavior. The sample group for this descriptive study consisted of 306 individuals with chronic illnesses who visited X Hospital in northeastern Türkiye between April 1, 2024, and February 1, 2025. All individuals completed a questionnaire consisting of the Patient Information Form and the Health Seeking Behavior Scale. Results: The sociodemographic characteristics of patients with chronic diseases, such as education level, marital status, and chronic disease duration, significantly affected the health-seeking behavior scores. According to the research findings, the highest mean score was determined as 12.30 ± 2.62 in the occupational health-seeking subdimension, whereas the lowest mean score was determined as 8.78 ± 3.83 (min – max: 3 – 15) in the traditional health-seeking subdimension. The total mean score of the Health Seeking Behavior Scale was 32.2 7± 7.73. Conclusions: Individuals with chronic illnesses tend to prefer professional health care services when seeking health-related behaviors. Health-seeking behaviors were higher among high school graduates, single individuals, and those without chronic illnesses.
Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being: Psychometric Validation Among Malaysian Youth
Makara Journal of Health Research
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Background: The rising prevalence of mental illness underscores the need to understand how individuals can live and flourish under such conditions. In Malaysia, research has largely emphasized diagnosis and treatment, with limited focus on positive psychology and few validated instruments. This study aimed to translate and validate the questionnaire for eudaimonic well-being (QEWB) among Malaysian youth. Methods: The QEWB was translated into Malay using back-to-back translation and administered to undergraduates from four public universities through a cross-sectional survey design. Convenience quota sampling was used, resulting in 229 respondents completing the online form to measure sociodemographic characteristics, eudaimonic well-being, stress, and general well-being. Factor analyses were used to assess construct validity, whereas Pearson’s correlation was used to test criterion validity. Results: A three-factor (17 items) and one-factor (15 items) model were supported. The 3 factors—intensity of self-expression, importance of fulfillment, and attitude toward growth—showed good validity and reliability (α = 0.74 – 0.88). The one-factor model also exhibited strong validity and reliability (α = 0.81). Both models significantly correlate positively with general well-being (r = 0.44 – 0.76, p < 0.01) and negatively with stress (r = −0.29 to −0.43, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The Malay QEWB is reliable and facilitates the integration of eudaimonic well-being in Malaysian research and practice.
Nurses’ Attitudes Toward Physical Examination
Makara Journal of Health Research
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Background: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the attitudes of nurses working in clinical settings toward conducting physical examinations. Methods: The sample surveyed consisted of 364 nurses currently working at 14 branches of a private hospital with facilities in seven cities, who participated voluntarily. Data was collected online via a survey created through Google Forms, applying descriptive characteristics form and the Physical Examination Attitude and Practice Scale in Nursing. The data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Spearman’s rank-order correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Results: It was found that nurses had moderately positive attitudes toward conducting physical examinations in clinical settings, while their participation rates in in-service training related to physical examinations were low. A moderate but significant positive correlation was observed in the scores of the sub-dimension “barriers to performing physical examination,” and a very weak but significant negative correlation was found in the “benefits and usefulness of physical examination.” Conclusion: Practical training aimed at improving nurses’ knowledge and skills related to physical examination and their cultural sensitivity should be emphasized at the undergraduate level, as well as through in-service training programs.
The Mediating Role of the Care Factor in the Effect of Nomophobia on Nurses’ Job Satisfaction
Makara Journal of Health Research
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Background: This study aimed to examine the mediating role of the Care Factor in the relationship between nomophobia and job satisfaction among nurses. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,083 nurses working in a province in Turkey between May and September 2024. Data were collected using a Descriptive Form, the Fırat Nomophobia Scale (FNS), the Care Factor Scale (CFS), and the Job Satisfaction Scale for Nurses (JSSN). All analyses were performed using SPSS 25, including descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression. Mediation was tested using PROCESS Macro version 4.0 (Model 4). Results: The CFS-CS and CFS-CM subdimensions moderately mediated the relationship between nomophobia and job satisfaction, with effect sizes of −0.063 and −0.096, respectively. The total effect in the parallel mediation model was −0.159. Nomophobia was negatively correlated with both job satisfaction and the care factor, whereas the care factor was positively correlated with job satisfaction. Conclusions: The Care Factor significantly mediates the impact of nomophobia on job satisfaction, underscoring its importance in addressing technology-related stress in nursing environments. Therefore, interventions aimed at promoting digital well-being in nursing practice are recommended to reduce nomophobia and improve job satisfaction.
Examining the Psychometric Properties of the Big Three Perfectionism Scale–Short Form (BTPS-SF) among Malaysian Chinese Students at a Private University
Makara Journal of Health Research
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Background: Perfectionism is increasingly prevalent among young adults and is a significant predictor of pathological and behavioral outcomes. Despite its relevance, validated and reliable measures of perfectionism tailored to university students, particularly within the Malaysian cultural and academic context, are lacking. This study addresses this gap by examining the psychometric properties of the BTPS-SF among Chinese students at a private university in Malaysia. Methods: Data were collected using a cross-sectional design with convenience and snowball sampling from 380 students aged 18–25 years, predominantly from a Chinese student population. Results: The results of the exploratory factor analysis, conducted using principal axis factoring with oblimin rotation, provided preliminary evidence for a three-factor structure of the BTPS-SF—namely, rigid, self-critical, and narcissistic perfectionism—as distinct dimensions. Together, these three factors explained 58.29% of the total variance, with factor loadings ranging from 0.35 to 0.79. Each dimension demonstrated acceptable internal consistency ranging from 0.80 to 0.84, supporting its suitability for use in academic, clinical, and nonclinical settings. Conclusions: This study supports the reliability of the BTPS-SF as a multidimensional measurement tool, demonstrating its efficacy in capturing the three main dimensions of perfectionism: rigid, self-critical, and narcissistic. This facilitates comprehensive analysis and offers a robust foundation for future research on student perfectionism. The study's limitations and recommendations for further research are discussed.
Organizational Governance Capacity and Organizational Resilience in Hospitals: A Cross-sectional Study
Makara Journal of Health Research
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Background: This study aims to examine the relationship between organizational governance capacity (OGC) and organizational resilience (OR) in hospitals, with a focus on cross-institutional differences. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,143 employees from six hospital types in Istanbul, including university, Ministry of Health (state, training and research, and city), and private hospitals. Validated scales were used to measure OGC and OR. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, nonparametric tests, and structural equation modeling (SEM) to assess the relationships between these dimensions. Results: Private hospitals demonstrated the highest levels of both OGC and OR (70%), followed by Ministry of Health hospitals (60%, medium-high), and university hospitals (40%, medium-low). SEM revealed positive and significant relationships between all OGC and OR dimensions except between responsibility capacity and planning. The strongest association was observed between self-organization and adaptive capacity (β = 0.654, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Strengthening governance—particularly self-organizing and adaptive capacities—can enhance hospitals’ resilience and crisis responses. Future longitudinal studies are recommended to explore causal mechanisms between governance and resilience.
Knowledge of Parents and Guardians of Computed Tomography Examinations and Radiation Risks in Children in Malaysia
Makara Journal of Health Research
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Background: Early exposure to computed tomography (CT) imaging during childhood increases cancer risk, emphasizing the critical need to minimize unnecessary imaging in pediatric patients. This study aimed to assess parents and guardians’ knowledge about CT examinations and their associated risk following pediatric CT. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among parents and guardians who accompanied their children to a private hospital radiology department for CT examinations. The survey enquired about their socio-demographic, knowledge of CT examinations, and their radiation risks. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: A total of 144 responses were received in this study. The respondents have a good knowledge of CT examinations and their risks, with a mean score of 4.06 ± 0.33. Most respondents (99%) agreed that CT scan results help diagnose and plan treatment for their child. Most respondents (99%) recognized that children are more vulnerable to cancer from radiation than adults. However, many were uncertain about the specific health risks of CT scans. Knowledge of CT and radiation risks differed significantly by respondents’ roles and occupations. (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Parents and guardians are well-versed in CT examinations, but they are unaware of the radiation risks to their children, emphasizing the importance of pediatric CT education.
Frailty and Fall Risk in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study
Makara Journal of Health Research
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Background: This study aimed to examine the effect of frailty on the risk of falls in older adults aged 65 years with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The study is cross-sectional and correlational. The sample included 146 individuals aged 65 years who had type 2 diabetes and visited the internal medicine outpatient clinic of a state hospital in Türkiye. The participants were assessed based on a personal information form, the Mini-Mental State Examination, Edmonton Frail Scale, Morse Fall Scale, and Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living. IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0 was used for data analysis. Results: The mean frailty score was 5.59 ± 3.46, and 35.6% of the participants were not frail. The mean falls risk score was 45.65 ± 26.07, with a high risk of falls in 43.2% of the participants. The level of frailty, ADL score, participant age, and use of drugs other than diabetes medications explained 71.8% of the variation in the risk of falls (ß = 0.492; p < 0.001; R2 = 0.718). Conclusions: Frailty is positively associated with the risk of falls among individuals ≥ 65 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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