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Prof. Diah Ayu Maharani, DDS, PhD
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Makara Journal of Health Research
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23563664     EISSN : 23563656     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/msk
Core Subject :
Makara Journal of Health Research (MJHR) is a peer-reviewed and scientific journal published by Universitas Indonesia. Starting from 2019 onwards, MJHR is redirecting its scope, focusing on publishing research articles relevant to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) addressing issues of surveillance, disease management and health policy in the Asia Pacific and Mediterranean countries. Relevant academic articles regarding NCDs analyzed from an integrated perspective including individual and population level, experimental and clinical approaches, epidemiology, public health, disease prevention and health promotion, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and palliative care are welcome.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 270 Documents
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Risk Factors of Acute Gastroenteritis and the Implementation of Community-Based Total Sanitation in Banyuwangi, Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Study Al Karina, Citra; Juniastuti, Juniastuti; Utomo, Budi; Mertha Adnyana, I Made Dwi
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 29, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: In Banyuwangi Regency, Indonesia, diarrhea remains a major health problem, even though the community-based total sanitation (CBTS) program has been implemented for ten years. This household survey study aimed to identify the risk factors of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and to evaluate the implementation of CBTS in Banyuwangi Regency. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Banyuwangi Regency. Characteristic data from patients with AGE were collected from the two primary healthcare working areas, followed by collecting data of their family members and CBTS in their houses. Data were obtained through interviews and direct observation. The CBTS evaluation results were analyzed descriptively, while risk factors were analyzed statistically using Chi-square and logistic regression tests. Results: Data were collected from 278 individuals across 96 families. Age and educational level were significantly associated with AGE. Individuals aged ≥19 years were less likely to have AGE (p < 0.001, OR = 0.385, 95% CI = 0.228-0.651). Most households had poor CBTS facilities of handwashing (76.0%), garbage (80.2%), and liquid waste disposal (88.5%). Conclusion: Age and education level were identified as individual risk factors for AGE. Most households had three poor facilities of CBTS. These findings might be considered in public health interventions to reduce AGE incidence in Banyuwangi Regency.
A Study on Nutritional Status Among Regular Gym Goers in and Around Chennai, India Thirumurugan, Ettiyappan; Venkatesan, Kalpana Devi; Tamilmani, Pavithra; Preetha, Devika; Selvanathan, Joyce Albert Princy Mariya; Mohandas, Dhanyasree; Sathik, Ameer Basha; Manjunathan, Santhosh Kumar; Sheeba, Ashika Kannadhas
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 29, No. 2
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Background: The increasing sales of sports supplements indicate a concerning trend, as many gym-goers may misuse these products owing to misinformation and insufficient knowledge, potentially impacting their performance. This issue is further compounded by specific gym trainers who may lack comprehensive information and inadvertently influence their clients' choices. To address this concern, the present study evaluated dietary supplement practices and sports nutrition knowledge among regular gym-goers at fitness centers in Chennai, India. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from November 2023 to May 2024 using a validated questionnaire distributed across Chennai, India. A total of 450 participants were included in the final analysis, consisting of individuals aged 20–50 years. Results: Among the respondents, the primary professionals endorsing dietary supplement use were gym trainers (22.6%), followed by nutritionists (13.1%) and medical doctors (3.9%). Notably, nearly one-third of the respondents reported acquiring these supplements from specialized sports nutrition stores (23.5%), pharmacies (7.8%), and online platforms (27.1%). Conclusions: The findings indicate that 61% of respondents demonstrated sufficient nutritional knowledge and skills, while the remaining showed inadequate knowledge. Overall, this study underscores the urgent need to educate the public regarding the prudent use of dietary supplements and to implement regulations requiring similar educational initiatives for trainers.
Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Palliative Care Attitude Scale (T-PCAS-9) in Cancer Patients Demir Çam, Sevgi; İşcan Ayyildiz, Neşe; Evcimen, Hasan; Çil, Timüçin; Bozkurt Duman, Berna
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 29, No. 2
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Background: A reliable, validated Turkish measurement tool will allow researchers to measure the impact of attitudes towards palliative care on other health outcomes in individuals with chronic and critical illness. This study aimed to examine the Turkish psychometric properties of the Palliative Care Attitude Scale (PCAS-9) for individuals with cancer. Methods: The Turkish adaptation of the PCAS-9 (T-PCAS-9) included 505 cancer patients, who were aged >18 years, had a diagnosis of cancer, and no mental problems. The factor structure of the T-PCAS-9 was examined using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, convergent-divergent validity, and measurement invariance analysis. Results: The three-factor structure with factor loadings >0.5 was found to have convergent-divergent validity and measurement invariance. The internal consistency coefficients of the T-PCAS-9 were >0.7. Conclusions: The T-PCAS-9 was found to be a valid and reliable measurement tool for assessing palliative care attitudes in the Turkish population.
Evaluation of Palliative Care Awareness Among Hospitalized Patients and Their Relatives in Türkiye Uzgör, Füsun; Özkaraman, Ayşe; Özen, Hülya
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 29, No. 2
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Background: Today, with the advances in medical knowledge and technology, chronic diseases have increased worldwide in parallel with the prolonging life expectancy and the aging of the population. This has increased the need for palliative care in the delivery of medical services. This study aimed to evaluate the palliative care awareness and level of knowledge of inpatients receiving health services in a university hospital and their relatives in Türkiye. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out with 360 patients and their relatives who volunteered to participate in the research. The study data were collected in face-to-face interviews using an individual introduction form and palliative care information and opinion form. Results: Most individuals (84.4%, N = 304) participating in the study had never heard of palliative care before. In participants who had a relative with a chronic disease now/in the past, the rate of those who knew and could explain palliative care was significantly higher than those who had never heard of palliative care (p = 0.013). Conclusions: Palliative care awareness care is low among the population, most of which consists of individuals with chronic diseases and their relatives, who are hospitalized to receive health care.
Health Literacy of Unhealthy Diet Consumption in Thailand Suriya, Sitaporn; Torut, Buraskorn
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 28, No. 3
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Background: The burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing worldwide, including in Thailand. One risk factor for NCDs is an unhealthy diet. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the consumption of an unhealthy diet and determine the proactive policies that support factors inhibiting an unhealthy diet. Methods: We investigated the factors affecting unhealthy diet consumption behavior by multiple linear regression analysis by surveying 970 Thai patients with early-stage NCD. In addition, we investigated appropriate policy proposals by conducting in-depth interviews with 20 key informants. Results: Knowledge (−0.247, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.285 to −0.210), family and reference person (−0.170, 95% CI −0.275 to −0.065), health awareness (−0.111, 95% CI −0.148 to −0.074), and education (−0.062, 95% CI −0.092 to −0.032) were significantly related to the inhibition of unhealthy diet consumption. Four proactive policies supporting those factors include the following: (1) reforming the national curricula to include scientific knowledge and health literacy, (2) educating social influencers to help advocate accurate information, (3) creating an easily accessible public food database, and (4) designing consumer-friendly front-of-package labels. Conclusions: Although strengthening health literacy involves many factors and requires cooperation from many sectors, it may be a solution for a sustainable fight against NCDs.
Threat of Hypercholesterolemia in Urban Adults and Its Associates: Evidence from a Community-Based Study Yadav, Ambika Rani; Keshari, Priya
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 28, No. 3
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Background: Hypercholesterolemia is an abnormality of lipids. It is a crucial modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. There is a paucity of community-based studies on hypercholesterolemia in the adult population in India. Given this context, the study aims to assess the prevalence and spectrum of hypercholesterolemia, along with its associated factors, among adult residents of urban areas in Prayagraj district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was done on 536 urban adult subjects (30 to 59 years) of Prayagraj, India, selected by multistage sampling procedure. The predesigned and pretested interview schedule was used to obtain socio-demographic information about subjects. Nutritional parameters and serum cholesterol were assessed using the standard procedure. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were done for association and inferential purposes, respectively. Results: The prevalence of Hypercholesterolemia was 24.4%. This was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in subjects aged 50-59 years, family size 2-4, and having higher body mass index, waist circumference, and visceral fat%. Age emerged as a significant predictor of hypercholesterolemia. Conclusions: One out of 4 urban subjects had hypercholesterolemia. This study emphasizes the need for age-specific screening and preventive and promotive services to reduce hypercholesterolemia.
The Impact of Immigrants on the Number and Type of Births Gumusburun, Neset; Mendes, Ergun
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 28, No. 3
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Background: Although cesarean section is a life-saving procedure in certain situations, it may result in complications for maternal and infant health when conducted, especially for nonmedical purposes. The civil war in Syria has significantly modified the demographic and ethnic structure of Turkey, which has affected the number and type of births occurring here. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of the increasing Syrian refugee patient population on primary cesarean section rates in Kilis/Turkey. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, pregnant women who gave birth at the State Hospital in the Kilis province in Turkiye between 2010 and 2021 were assigned to two groups: Syrian refugees and Turkish women, based on their ethnicity. The numbers, types, and rates of deliveries were separately studied for each group. Results: A total of 39,537 deliveries took place at our hospital. The 12-year total cesarean section rate was determined to be 25.5%, with the total primary cesarean section rate of 8.8%. While the most common cesarean indication was previous cesarean section, the most common primary cesarean indication was fetal distress. Conclusions: The tendency of Syrian patients to vaginal delivery, probably owing to cultural factors, has reduced the rate of primary cesarean section in Turkey.
Association between Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Dietary Fiber Intake and Body Mass Index among Undergraduate Students in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Mat Ludin, Arimi Fitri; Ismail, Munirah; Othman, Mohd Sham; Vanoh, Divya; Huoy Tyng, Chai; Ibrahim, Irdina; Surang, Jasmine Lavang; Jayiddin, Muhammad Adam; Ibrahim, Noor Afiifah; Abdullah, Nur Arina Shazrina; Harun, Nur Athirah; Rashidi, Nur Fatihah; Chen, Lew Leong
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 28, No. 3
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Background: A fiber-rich diet lowers the risk of various diseases by increasing fecal bulk, shortening intestinal transit time, and stimulating intestinal flora. This study examines the association between knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding dietary fiber intake and body mass index (BMI) among Dentistry and Software Engineering undergraduates. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 95 Dentistry and 92 Software Engineering students at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The KAP questionnaire was analyzed for its reliability using Cronbach’s alpha and distributed through email. Results: Most respondents had normal weight. The Software Engineering students had a higher percentage of overweight and obese individuals than the Dentistry students. KAP measurements for both groups were moderate across all variables. No differences were found in attitude and practice levels between both groups. However, the Software Engineering students had higher knowledge of dietary fiber intake. KAP did not influence BMI in both groups. Factor analysis showed a high association between KAP on dietary fiber intake and BMI status among Software Engineering students compared to dentistry students. Conclusions: The level of KAP on dietary fiber intake is associated with BMI status among undergraduate students.
A Growing Concern: Long Commutes and Mental Fatigue Among Workers Mohd Suadi Nata, Dayana Hazwani; Mohamad Jamil, Putri Anis Syahira; Muhammad Rawee, Mira Nursabrina
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 28, No. 3
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Background: Commuting stress is a growing concern for workers with long daily journeys between home and work. This study explores the effects of commuting on workers’ mental and physical health, focusing on stress, mental fatigue, and productivity at work. Methods: The research conducted in Selangor, Malaysia, involved 212 commuters who completed a survey that included sociodemographic and commuting information, the Depression Anxiety and Stress Score (DASS-21), and a mental fatigue questionnaire. Results: The findings revealed that a significant proportion of workers experienced stress from their commuting routines: approximately 74.5% reported that commuting had a detrimental effect on their mental health, while 82.1% experienced mental fatigue, which directly impacted their ability to concentrate and perform effectively at work. The DASS-21 results showed that 14.2% experienced mild depression, 16% had moderate anxiety, and 11.4% reported mild stress. A significant positive correlation was found between commuting distance and anxiety (r = 0.35, p < 0.05), stress (r = 0.32, p < 0.01), and mental fatigue (r = 0.42, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Commuting stress adversely affects concentration, productivity, and well-being. The study suggests adopting telework, flexible work hours, and workplace mental health initiatives to mitigate these negative effects.
Prevalence of Lipohypertrophy and Lipoatrophy in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes and Determination of Associated Risk Factors Kırmızıgül, Huriye; Şentürk, Seher Gönen
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 28, No. 3
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Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of lipohypertrophy and lipoatrophy and their associated risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes taking insulin. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study used the STROBE checklist. In January 2022 to April 2022, 271 individuals with type 2 diabetes were studied. The presence of lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy was evaluated with inspection and palpation, and the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were obtained using a questionnaire. Data were collected in face-to-face interviews. Results: Lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy prevalence was 4.8% and 19.2%, respectively. Lipoatrophy was more common in patients who did not perform regular intra-regional rotation, and lipohypertrophy in those aged ≤60 years, women, those using insulin at a dose of >50 IU, those administering four injections per day, those using prandial and basal insulin, and those who did not perform regular systematic and intra-regional rotation (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy are common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus taking insulin and may develop due to some modifiable risk factors.

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