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Prof. Diah Ayu Maharani, DDS, PhD
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Makara Journal of Health Research
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23563664     EISSN : 23563656     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/msk
Core Subject :
Makara Journal of Health Research (MJHR) is a peer-reviewed and scientific journal published by Universitas Indonesia. Starting from 2019 onwards, MJHR is redirecting its scope, focusing on publishing research articles relevant to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) addressing issues of surveillance, disease management and health policy in the Asia Pacific and Mediterranean countries. Relevant academic articles regarding NCDs analyzed from an integrated perspective including individual and population level, experimental and clinical approaches, epidemiology, public health, disease prevention and health promotion, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and palliative care are welcome.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 270 Documents
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Future-Ready Physicians: Exploring Medical Students’ Readiness, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Healthcare Artificial Intelligence in Saudi Arabia Moria, Hassan Abdulaziz; Alatawi, Amirah; Alzahrani, Sharifah; Mirghani, Hyder; Al Shadfan, Hisham
Makara Journal of Health Research
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: While the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has advanced globally, there is limited research on the preparedness of medical students in the Tabuk region of Saudi Arabia, particularly regarding their specific educational needs and cultural context. This study assessed medical students’ knowledge, attitudes, readiness, and confidence toward AI integration at the University of Tabuk, providing the first comprehensive analysis of AI readiness in this underrepresented northern region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 261 medical students and interns across all academic years (1–6) at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, using a validated questionnaire to measure AI knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, confidence, and readiness. Results: This study provides novel insights: students demonstrated limited AI knowledge (54.4% reported limited or average understanding) yet maintained predominantly positive attitudes (89.7% neutral/positive). A significant readiness–confidence gap was identified—73.2% supported AI curriculum integration, and most reported low confidence in practical AI application. The mean perception score of 24.3 ± 4.1 represents the first quantified AI readiness metric for medical students in northern Saudi Arabia. Conclusion: This study provides the first evidence-based framework for AI integration in medical education within the Tabuk region, revealing that positive attitudes coexist with significant knowledge and confidence deficits. These findings establish essential baseline metrics for developing culturally appropriate AI curricula for Saudi medical education.
The Relationship between Individual Innovativeness Traits and Medical Artificial Intelligence Readiness Levels among Nursing Students in Türkiye Öztürk, Özlem; Midilli, Tülay Sağkal
Makara Journal of Health Research
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: This study examined the relationship between nursing students’ individual innovativeness traits and their readiness for medical artificial intelligence, and the influencing factors. Methods: This study was a descriptive, correlational study. The study was conducted with 606 nursing students enrolled at the Faculty of Health Science, Manisa Celal Bayar University. Data were collected using the Descriptive Information Form, the Individual Innovativeness Scale (IIS), and the Medical Artificial Intelligence Readiness Scale (MAIRS). Results: The mean IIS score was 64.23 ± 8.47, indicating that most students fell into the skeptical or interrogator categories. The mean MAIRS score was 75.77 ± 12.63. A weak positive correlation was found between the IIS and the MAIRS (p < 0.05). Students’ perception of academic success, career goals, awareness of innovation, and their knowledge and usage of artificial intelligence significantly affected their individual innovativeness levels. Additionally, gender, academic year, school achievement perception, and experience with innovation were found to significantly influence readiness for medical artificial intelligence level. Conclusion: Students’ individual innovativeness levels were generally low, with most classified within the skeptical and interrogator categories, while their readiness for medical artificial intelligence was above the moderate level. A positive relationship was observed, indicating that as students’ individual innovativeness levels increased, so did their readiness for medical artificial intelligence.
Evaluating the Impact of System, Information, and Service Quality on User Outcomes in Malaysian Public Hospitals: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach Abdullah, Muhd Siv Azhar Merican; Aizuddin, Azimatun Noor; Abdul Manaf, Mohd Rizal
Makara Journal of Health Research
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: Increasing use of hospital information systems (HIS) underscores the need to evaluate their impact on User Satisfaction and Perceived Net Benefits. This study investigated the connections among outsourced System Quality, Information Quality, Service Quality, Perceived Usefulness, User Satisfaction, and Perceived Net Benefits in the context of Malaysian public hospitals. Methods: Data were collected from 1,376 healthcare personnel across six public hospitals and analyzed using structural equation modeling through analysis of moment structures grounded in the DeLone and McLean Information Systems Success Model. Results: System and Service Qualities significantly influenced User Satisfaction and Perceived Usefulness, while Information Quality impacted Satisfaction indirectly. Perceived usefulness emerged as the strongest predictor of Perceived Net Benefits, followed by User Satisfaction, emphasizing their crucial mediating roles. Service Quality substantially impacted user perceptions, highlighting the relevance of technical support and system reliability. Conversely, Information Quality had a less direct effect, reflecting its dependence on user satisfaction for driving benefits. Conclusions: These results underscore the relevance of improving System and Service Qualities to enhance HIS effectiveness. The practical implications include prioritizing system upgrades, responsive support, and user training to maximize satisfaction and perceived benefits.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Concerning Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene and Related Diseases Among University Students in Malaysia Jeffrey, Renee Ng; Shamsuddin, Aida Soraya; Ariffin, Farah Diyana; Zulkifli, Aziemah
Makara Journal of Health Research
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices are fundamental components of public health, being crucial in preventing disease transmission and promoting healthy living environments. In this context, university students play an essential role as future professionals and community advocates in fostering proper hygiene behaviors and preventing disease outbreaks. Understanding knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) in regard to WASH among individuals, particularly university students, is crucial for promoting proper hygiene behaviors. This study aimed to assess the KAP in regard to WASH and related diseases among undergraduate students from the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured online questionnaire distributed via email. A total of 214 students participated in and completed the questionnaire. Results: About 90.2% (N = 193) of the respondents demonstrated good knowledge, 69.2% (N = 148) showed positive attitudes, and 80.4% (N = 172) exhibited good practices concerning WASH. Weak but positive correlations were observed between the knowledge and practice scores (r = 0.205, p < 0.01) and between the attitude and practice scores (r = 0.376, p < 0.01). Conclusions: These findings highlight the need to strengthen WASH education in higher education institutions, particularly within health sciences programmes, through a more comprehensive and holistic approach.
Climate Change Anxiety Related to Women’s Health Among Health Sciences Students Şenol, Derya Kaya; Özkan, Semiha Aydın; Omuş, Durdu Cennet
Makara Journal of Health Research
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: Climate change impacts are unequally distributed globally, with children, women, pregnant women, the elderly, marginalized populations, and refugees bearing a disproportionate burden. This study aims to determine the levels of related anxiety among female students and to examine the relationship between the anxiety and their perceptions, knowledge levels, and health behaviors related to women’s health. Methods: The study has a descriptive cross-sectional design. The study population included women students enrolled in the fall semester of the 2023–2024 academic year at the Faculty of Health Sciences of a university between October and December 2023. Personal Information Form and Climate Change Anxiety Scale for Women's Health were used as data collection forms. Results: The results show that students need to have up-to-date information on climate change, they should be members of associations/organizations dealing with climate change, they should have awareness of the effects of climate change on the world and human life, the economic level of individuals, their physical/physiological and mental health, nutrition and health care needs and that climate change/climate crisis course should be included in the curriculum. Conclusions: Given the scale of the issue and the significant number of healthcare professionals, it is recommended to integrate into the curriculum of the departments that train personnel programs.
Exploring the Prevalence and Determinants of Self-Medication During Pregnancy Among Women from South Punjab, Pakistan Madiha, Madiha; Jabbar, Sehar; Masood, Imran
Makara Journal of Health Research
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: For developing countries with high neonatal and maternal mortality rates, any practice that may threaten the maternal-fetal health must be gauged. This study evaluated the prevalence and contributing factors of self-medication during pregnancy among women opting for antenatal or postnatal care in South Punjab, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. Data was collected from 424 women, selected through multi-stage sampling, who visited health care facilities located in six randomly selected cities of South Punjab. Outcomes reported by descriptive and inferential statistics (p < 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association of self-medication with different factors. Results: Most of the women were involved in self-medication practice (38.9%) during pregnancy and usually preferred it over visiting a doctor due to the availability of medicines at home (37.6%). Self-use of analgesics, muscle relaxants, and anticoagulants was alarmingly high. Rural background (AOR: 2.060, 95%CI: 1.239–3.425), age group between 21–25 years (AOR: 3.273, 95%CI: 1.141–9.387), and having a history of miscarriage or abortion (AOR: 1.881, 95%CI: 1.080–3.039) were significant predictors. Conclusions: The study revealed that self-medication was common among pregnant women, especially for analgesics, muscle relaxants, and anticoagulants. Rural residence, younger age (21–25 years), and history of miscarriage or abortion were major determinants. This highlights the need for targeted awareness and counselling that may benefit these high-risk groups.
The Relationship Between Religious Attitude and Breastfeeding Attitude: A Cross-Sectional Study from Türkiye Çelik, Melike Yavaş; Tunçkaşık, Cuma
Makara Journal of Health Research
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between religious attitudes and breastfeeding attitudes and the effect of this relationship on breastfeeding practices. Methods: This study was conducted with 203 mothers with babies aged 0–24 months. Simple random sampling was used in sample selection. The Religious Attitude Scale and Breastfeeding Attitudes of the Evaluation Scale were used in data collection. Results: A significant relationship was found between religious attitudes and breastfeeding attitudes. Additionally, mothers' negative breastfeeding attitudes and positive breastfeeding attitudes were found to be close to each other. The time it took for mothers to start breastfeeding their babies, the time they thought about breastfeeding their babies, the time it took to start their babies on supplementary food, and whether they fed their babies exclusively with breast milk were not found at the desired levels. Conclusions: As a result, religious attitudes and breastfeeding attitudes are related. This relationship can be used to initiate and maintain breastfeeding.
Moving Toward Healthy Ageing: The Role of Physical Activity in Cognitive Function and Self-Esteem Among Older Adults in Türkiye Okuyan, Canan Birimoglu; Kerkez, Müjde
Makara Journal of Health Research
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between religious attitudes and breastfeeding attitudes and the effect of this relationship on breastfeeding practices. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 251 older adults. Data were collected using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Spearman’s correlation and chi-square tests were employed for statistical analysis. Results: Physical activity levels were positively correlated with both cognitive function (r = 0.546, p < 0.001) and self-esteem (r = 0.168, p < 0.05). No significant association was observed between cognitive function and self-esteem. Physical inactivity, cognitive decline, and low self-esteem were more prevalent among women, participants with lower educational attainment, those with chronic diseases, and individuals engaged in polypharmacy. Conclusions: The findings emphasize the importance of integrating physical activity promotion into national healthy ageing policies, particularly in Mediterranean contexts such as Türkiye. Implementing community-based exercise initiatives, strengthening primary care counseling, and developing culturally sensitive education programs can help reduce gender- and education-related disparities in physical activity participation.
Current Insight into LDLR and PCSK9 Genetic Variants: Investigating Genetic Keys to Cholesterol in a Cohort of Stroke Patients from Yogyakarta, Indonesia Priskila, Loury; Atmadi, Lenggana Relung; Bagaskara, Arya Taksya; Anggitama, Andreas Mercyan
Makara Journal of Health Research
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. In Yogyakarta, Indonesia, the incidence of stroke (14%) is higher than the national average. We therefore investigated the roles of LDLR rs688 (C/T) and PCSK9 rs562565 (A/G) polymorphisms in familial hypercholesterolemia as predictors of first-time ischemic stroke. Methods: In this case-control study, 119 first-time ischemic stroke patients were divided into dyslipidemia (N = 71) and non-dyslipidemia groups (N = 48). The DNA of the nucleotide polymorphisms LDLR rs688 (C/T) and PCSK9 rs562556 (A/G) was extracted and analyzed using the PCR-RFLP method, and statistical analyses were performed to evaluate their predictive potential. Results: The LDLR rs688 (C/T) CT genotype was the most common in both groups. The TT genotype appeared slightly more frequently in the dyslipidemia group, but no significant association was found with dyslipidemia (p = 0.460). While lipid levels had no significant relationship with LDLR rs688 (C/T), hemoglobin levels differed significantly across the genotypes (p = 0.002), which suggested the biological relevance of hemoglobin. Conclusions: The LDLR rs688 (C/T) polymorphism was not significantly associated with dyslipidemia among the stroke patients. Nonetheless, genotype-related trends related to lipid and hemoglobin levels indicated potential mechanisms that warrant further investigation.
A Cross-Sectional Study on Patient Safety Attitudes and Their Determinants Among Medical Staff in Malaysian Public Specialist Hospitals Sayed Abdul Hamid, Sharifah Balqis; Ismail, Aniza; Sulong, Saperi
Makara Journal of Health Research
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Introduction: This study aimed to assess the baseline level and mean scores of patient safety attitude domains among doctors and nurses in Malaysian public hospitals and to identify determinants associated with these attitudes across six domains: teamwork, safety climate, working conditions, job satisfaction, stress recognition, and perception of management. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) among 142 doctors and 231 nurses from three public tertiary hospitals. Participants were selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate methods. Results: The study achieved an 81% response rate. Among the six domains, job satisfaction scored the highest (mean = 73.78 ± 20.54), while perception of management scored the lowest (mean = 58.98 ± 16.28). Significant determinants of more positive patient safety attitudes included position and attendance at patient safety training (teamwork); training attendance (safety climate); education level, position, and training (job satisfaction); age and work area (perception of management); and age and training attendance (working conditions). Conclusion: Attendance at patient safety training was consistently linked to more positive attitudes, underscoring the value of continuous education in strengthening safety culture. Systematic interventions targeting education, communication, reporting, and work environment are essential to achieve the Malaysian Patient Safety Goals.

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