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Makara Journal of Science
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23391995     EISSN : 23560851     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/mss
Core Subject :
Makara Journal of Science publishes original research or theoretical papers, notes, and minireviews on new knowledge and research or research applications on current issues in basic sciences, namely: Material Sciences (including: physics, biology, and chemistry); Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology (including: microbiology, physiology, ecology, taxonomy and evolution); and Biotechnology.
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Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 22, No. 2" : 6 Documents clear
Morphological and Structural Studiesof ZnO Micro-Nanorod Structures Synthesized Using a Low-Cost Hydrothermal Method Alfarisa, Suhufa; Toruan, Parmin Lumban; Atina, Atina; Dwandaru, Wipsar Sunu Brams; Safitri, Rika Noor
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 22, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Micro-nanorod structuresof zincoxide (ZnO) have been successfully synthesized via a simple and low-cost hydrothermal method. ZnO solutions with different concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1 M were prepared using zinc nitrate tetrahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine precursors. They were dissolved inaquadesand stirred before the hydrothermal process at 95 °C for 4 hours in an oven. Extensive characterizations using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were conductedon ZnO powder samples. SEM results showed that hexagonally shaped ZnO micro-nanorods were formed with diameters ranging from hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers. The ZnO sample synthesized at 0.05 M was observedto have a better surface morphological structurethan the 0.1 M sample. In addition, XRD measurements confirmed that samples exhibited a hexagonal crystal structure of ZnO. Moreover, the calculated crystallite sizes of ZnO using the Debye-Scherrer equation using the full-width half maxima of the XRD peaks were 25.153 nm for the 0.05 M sample and 28.707 nm for the 0.1 M sample. The most prominent growth of ZnO had 101 plane orientation or nonpolara-plane followed by nonpolar 100 m-plane and 002 polar c-plane orientations.This studyoffersa simple andlow-costroute to producehigh-quality ZnO micro-nanorods for use in various electrical and optical devices.
Morphological Characterization of Okra (Abelmoschus [Medik.]) Accessions Ogwu, Matthew Chidozie; Onosigbere-Ohwo, Uruemu; Osawaru, Moses Edwin
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 22, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Okra (Abelmoschus [Medik.] species) is a prominent vegetable due to the diverse economic roles of its leaves, fruits, seeds, floral parts, and stems. This study investigated the morphological distinctiveness among varieties and between species of okra. Five okra accessions were obtained from the National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Nigeria, including two A. esculentus (NG/OA/03/12/157 and NG/OA/05/12/159) and three A. caillei (NG/OA/03/12/158,NG/SA/DEC/07/0475, and NG/SA/DEC/07/0482) species. During the developmental stage, the accessions exhibited adegree of similarity; however, at maturity, the leaf and fruit color, height, leaf shape, and flowers of the five accessionsbecame distinct. A cluster of the phenotype was observed at 4.123 level of coefficient of similaritywith two distinctclusters. Distinct morphological features included the nature of the epicalyx segment, the position of the fruit on thestem, fruit shape, and fruit color. These features may be used to identify the accessions. The common morphological features of clusters 1 and 3 were leaf shape and fruit length at maturity. Significant differences were observed among allthe five accessions in terms of stem length, petiole length, and leaf node. This study suggests that morphological variations exist among the accessions, which can be further enumerated through molecular characterization. The characteristics could distinguish the Abelmoschus accessions into A. caillei and A. esculentus and provide credence to the use of morphological characteristics to characterize plant genetic resources. These characteristics may be exploitedby plant breeders for sustainable utilization of the okra germplasm.
Recovery of Gold with AgNO3 Pretreatment by Cyanidation at Heap Leaching Cijiwa Gold Ore Processing Kusdarini, Esthi; Budianto, Agus; Gingga, Flaminggo
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 22, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

This research was undertaken to study the effect of adding silver nitrate (AgNO3) during leaching of gold ore for Aurecovery. Its focus is to obtain the weight of Au in feed and concentrate, the effect of AgNO3 on Au recovery, theconcentration of AgNO3 that led to optimum recovery, and the weight of bullion and Au content in bullion. This research was conducted using quantitative descriptive method with experimental technique and the research stepsinclude the following: 1) rock and treatment plant preparation, 2) tests with variable AgNO3 concentrations, 3) analysis feed and concentrate samples using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), 4) measurement of concentrate density, 5) burning of activated carbon to get the bullion, and 6) weighing bullion and Au content. There was increase Au recovery from 12.57% to 36.15%. On addition of 0 to 4 gram of AgNO3, whereby highest recovery was obtained on the additionof 4 g of AgNO3 concentration to 150 kg of feed.
ZnSO4.7H2O Catalyzed One-pot and Facile Synthesis of Highly Substituted Dihydro-2-oxopyrroles at Room Temperature Mohamadpour, Farzaneh
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 22, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

A mild and facile ZnSO4.7H2O-catalyzed procedure is developed for the convenient one-pot synthesis of highly substituted dihydro-2-oxopyrroles under mild reaction conditions. In this procedure, dihydro-2-oxopyrroles are synthesized via the four-component reactions of amines, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and formaldehyde. The present procedure is an economical and mild approach that offers numerous advantages, including good to high yields, simplicity, inexpensive and readily available catalyst, and high atom economy.
Proximate Composition, Total Phenolic Content, and Sensory Analysis of Rice Bran Tempeh Cempaka, Laras; Eliza, Naila; Ardiansyah, Ardiansyah; Handoko, Dody D.; Astuti, Rizki Maryam
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 22, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Tempeh is a fermented food prepared using the rawmaterials of soybean fermented by Rhizopus sp. This traditional food is fairly highly consumed in Indonesia. Soybean, which is the primary raw material used in the processing of tempeh, is still being imported due to its insufficient production in Indonesia. Rice bran can be used as a substitute forsoybeans in tempeh processing to add to its (health) benefit. Rice bran has good nutritional value as it contains a high total content of phenolic compounds, dietary fiber, fat, and the amino acid lysine. Thus, rice bran provides anopportunity to use it as a product with functional properties. This study was conducted to determine the proximate characteristics, the total phenolic content (TPC), and the sensory properties of tempeh with the addition of rice bran, chitosan, andgluconodelta-lactone (GDL). The addition of chitosan was used as a source of prebiotic, and GDL was required to accelerate the fermentation process. The chemical characteristics (protein, fat, and water content), the TPC, and the sensory properties (color, aroma, texture, and overall acceptability) of rice bran tempeh were analyzed. Results showed that the tempeh sample with the addition of 20% (w/w) rice bran showed the best sensory analysis. It consisted of 57.23% of water content, 37.42% of protein content, 19.72% of fat content, and 83.98 mg GAE/100 g of TPC.
Seasonal and Diurnal Variations of Lightning Activity Over West Sumatra and Its Correlation with Precipitation Type Saufina, Elfira; Marzuki, Marzuki; Vonnisa, Mutya; Hashiguchi, Hiroyuki; Harmadi, Harmadi
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 22, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Seasonal and diurnal variations of lightning activity over West Sumatra have been investigated using observations of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission–Lightning Imaging Sensor (TRMM–LIS) over a 16-year period. This study also used TRMM 3B43 and 2A25 data to observe the correlation between lightning activity with rainfall and precipitation type. Results show that lightning occurs more frequently over land than over ocean and coastal areas, in contrast to total rainfall, which is higher over ocean and coastalareas. The lightning pattern is similar to the convective rainfall (particularly deep convective) pattern, which indicates that the majority of lightning in West Sumatra is associated with deep convective rain. The lightning intensity in Indonesia during the convection period, namely, December–January–February and September–October–November, is higher than that during other periods. The diurnal cycle of lightning coincides with the diurnal cycle of cloud migration from the ocean to in land Sumatra, as reported in previous research. Lightning and deep convective precipitation are dominant during the day and evening (16.00–20.00 Local Standard Time [LST]), particularly over land. Stratiform precipitation occursmore frequentlyfrom afternoon to early morning (16.00–04.00 LST) over landand at 00.00–12.00 LST over the ocean.

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