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Ivandini Tribidasari A.
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Makara Journal of Science
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23391995     EISSN : 23560851     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/mss
Core Subject :
Makara Journal of Science publishes original research or theoretical papers, notes, and minireviews on new knowledge and research or research applications on current issues in basic sciences, namely: Material Sciences (including: physics, biology, and chemistry); Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology (including: microbiology, physiology, ecology, taxonomy and evolution); and Biotechnology.
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Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 24, No. 3" : 8 Documents clear
Water Quality Assessment in The Occurrence of Acanthaster spp. (Crown-of-Thorns Starfish, CoTS) on Coral Reefs in Menjangan Island, Bali, Indonesia Pradisty, Novia Arinda; Ampou, Eghbert Elvan; Hanintyo, Rizki
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 24, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Aquatic stressors are known to cause biological impairment that can result in biodiversity loss in several Marine Protected Areas (MPA), including in Menjangan Island, West Bali National Park. The objectives of this study were to correlate the changes in water quality parameters with the biological effect of Crown-of-Thorns starfish (CoTS) population dynamics and to assess the most applicable parameters for continuous environmental monitoring. Field observations and surveys were conducted three times in 2017, during the wet season, dry season and season transition, in order to assess the effect of seasonal variability. Redundancy Analysis (RDA) was performed to determine the relationship between water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, turbidity, total suspended solids, dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate, and chlorophyll-a) and phytoplankton as the indicator of CoTS larvae food supply. The results demonstrate that salinity, turbidity, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) are responsible for the 47.7% of phytoplankton variation, which supports the hypothesis of nutrient enrichment as the trigger of CoTS population increase. CoTS outbreak is predicted to occur during the wet season, in areas with high salinity, moderate turbidity, and high DIN, so the outbreak may be related to a high rainfall rate that deliver a high nutrient loading on this region and thus management actions can be initiated during this specific period.
Effect of Harvest Age and Solvents on the Phenolic Content of Eucheuma cot-tonii Extract Purbosari, Ninik; Warsiki, Endang; Syamsu, Khaswar; Santoso, Joko
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 24, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Bioactive compounds in Eucheuma cottonii include phenols or polyphenols with antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. Seaweed quality, including phenolic content, is highly determined by several factors, including the growth location, cultivation technique, and harvest age. This study aimed to determine the effect of harvest age and solvent type on the phenolic content of E. cottonii. The effects of harvest age on water content and of simplicia on the extraction process were also determined. Phenolic active ingredients were extracted at three harvest ages (35, 40, and 45 days) and using four solvents (ethanol, ethyl acetate, hexane, and water). Analysis of variance was performed to determine the effects of both factors and their interactions. The older the seaweed, the lesser the water content. The powder produced at all ages is a good simplicia for materials extraction. Results showed that high phenolic content was obtained from the E. cottonii extract at the age of 35 days with ethyl acetate as the solvent.
Sensitivity Enhancement of Silicon-on-Insulator Multipath Ring Resonator using Gold Nanodisk for Sensor Application Dicky, Gabriel; Taufiqurrahman, Shidqie; Estu, Topik Teguh; Wijayanto, Yusuf Nur; Manurung, Robeth Viktoria; Mahmudin, Dadin; Anshori, Isa; Daud, Pamungkas
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 24, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Currently, environmental degradation caused by heavy metals has become a serious concern of many countries. To monitor the concentration of heavy metals in the environment, an in-situ sensor that can measure in real time and has high quality, sensitivity, and flexibility is essential. We proposed a modified multipath ring resonator (MPRR) based on silicon-on-insulator technology with additional gold nanodisk (GND) on top of the ring to increase its sensitivity. To prove the effect of GND on the sensitivity of the modified MPRR, finite-difference time-domain simulations were conducted. Results showed that the average sensitivity of the modified MPRR was 675 nm/RIU, where RIU corresponds to the refractive index unit, higher than that of the unmodified MPRR (171 nm/RIU). Moreover, compared with the single ring structure, the proposed design had better sensitivity. We believe that our proposed approach for the modification of MPRR is suitable for application to optical sensor development.
Solid Waste Co-Conversion by Hydrothermal Treatment using Natural Zeolite Maleiva, Lalak Tarbiyatun Nasyin; Wahyu Purnomo, Chandra
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 24, No. 3
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Hydrothermal treatment is a thermal conversion technology for processing high-moisture-content solid waste to coal-like materials. In this research, mixtures of sawdust and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste were treated in a 2000 mL hydrothermal reactor to produce hydrochar and a liquid product. The effects of zeolite addition and temperature variations during the treatment on the product characteristics were investigated. During the treatment, the utilized temperatures were 180, 200, and 220 °C, and the zeolite contents in the mixture were 10 and 20 wt%; the temperature and zeolite content were varied, while the other processing parameters were fixed, i.e., a biomass-to-PET ratio of 1:1, solid mixture-to-water ratio of 1:10, and processing time of 30 minutes at the targeted temperature. The product from each hydrothermal condition was characterized in terms of solid yield; liquid pH; chemical characteristics, determined using proximate analysis; and calorific value. The result shows that the addition of zeolite could increase the solid yield, while a higher treatment temperature led to a higher calorific value of the solid product.
Removal of Pb2+ and Cd2+ from Aqueous Solutions using POCl3 Cross-linked Carboxymethyl Derivatives of Legume Starch Akinterinwa, Ayodele; Oladele, Ebun; Adebayo, Albert; Ajayi, Olubode
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 24, No. 3
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Abstract

Starch was extracted from Kwakil beans and cross-linked with POCl3 (1% v/w of starch dry basis [db]). The cross-linked starch (PCS) derivative was carboxymethylated with sodium monochloroacetate (5% to 30% w/w of starch db) to obtain cross-linked carboxymethyl starch (PCCS) derivatives. The derivatives were used in the adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+, and the process was monitored using atomic adsorption spectrometer. Carboxymethylation enhanced adsorption of ions (Cd2+, 95% to 96%; Pb, 65% to 94%), and it was more appreciable with Pb2+ than Cd2+ as degree of substitution increased from 0.008 to 0.052. This was attributed to selective ion exchange, steric and stereochemical effects of the carboxymethyl groups. Derivatives were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Adsorption increased with pH and adsorbent dosage but decreased when temperature and interfering ion (i.e., Na+ and Ca2+) concentrations increased. Adsorption equilibrium was reached in 5 min. Kinetic parameters of Pb2+ fitted the pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.9999), while Cd2+ fitted the pseudo-first-order model (R2 = 0.9978). Isotherm parameters of Pb2+ fitted Langmuir model (R2 = 0.9989), while Cd2+ fitted Freundlich model (R2 = 0.9689). These parameters inferred the involvement of different combinations of physisorption and chemisorption mechanisms in the adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+. However, the thermodynamic parameters indicated the dominance of the physisorption mechanism in the overall exothermic process (∆H = −15.51 and −9.79 kJ·mol−1 for Pb2+ and Cd2+, respectively). Pb2+ and Cd2+ were recovered (≈100%) in 1 M HNO3, and efficient re-adsorption (>80%) was obtained till third reuse cycle. Product was used to treat wastewater and the heavy metals were efficiently removed.
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen and Viral DNA Detection and Prevalence in Nige-ria Desmond, Abazuh Uchenna; Tola, Ohiengbomwan Onaiwu; Isaac, Adeolu; Mercy, Yusuf
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 24, No. 3
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Abstract

Hepatitis B infection is a major public health issue with a high mortality rate. It is caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), a small incomplete hepadnavirus with several open reading frames (ORF). High mutation rates of the HBV ORFs due to the virus’ replicating strategy are associated with the development and emergence of mutant strains, which may result in occult infections that are undetectable by conventional diagnostic assays. In this study, we first investigated the presence and prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA among 204 patients visiting the specialist hospital in Osogbo, Nigeria, by using the Acumen diagnostic test strip kit and PCR amplification of the surface antigen gene. Then, we compared the positive results detected by both assays. The mean age of the participants was 30.5 years. Twenty-two (10.78%) cases were positive in the HBsAg test, and 69 (33.82%) cases were positive for HBV DNA. Fifty-four false-negatives (26.47%) and four false-positives (1.96%) were detected by HBsAg. The rapid diagnostic test kit is less sensitivity and has lower detection capability compared with the PCR-based assay, which indicates the presence of mutant HBV strain(s). The results of this work demonstrate that HBsAg is endemic in Nigeria and that HBV DNA is highly prevalent among the population. Our findings highlight the need for immediate action to prevent the further spread of infection.
Malonic Acid as A Green and Efficient Catalyst for the Mass-scale Synthesis of Pyrrole Medicinal Drugs Mohamadpour, Farzaneh
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 24, No. 3
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A green and naturally biodegradable malonic acid synthesis of highly substituted dihydro-2-oxopyrrole derivatives has been accomplished via one-pot four-condensation of amines (aromatic or aliphatic), dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate, and formaldehyde under mild reaction conditions. The notable advantages of the present procedure are a green, low cost, and efficient catalyst; operational simplicity; no need for chromatographic purification steps; short reaction times; and good to high yields.
Key Deposition Parameters for Short-type ZnO Nanosheets Electrodeposited Under Galvanostatic Mode Ensang Timuda, Gerald; Harjanto, Dhimas; Widayatno, Wahyu Bambang
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 24, No. 3
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Abstract

Studies on the deposition of ZnO nanosheets grown vertically and perpendicular to conductive substrates have been conducted to obtain tall-type nanosheets (approximately 15 µm in height). However, some applications require short-type nanosheets with a height of about 1µm or less. In this study, short-type ZnO nanosheets were electrodeposited on indium-doped tin oxide substrates under galvanostatic (constant current) mode for a short deposition time. Then, the key parameters to form nanosheet layers with a height in the micrometer order and with good coverage were evaluated. Deposition was performed at 1 mA/cm2 for 60 s. Ar gas was initially bubbled into the electrolyte solution during electrodeposition to remove oxygen. Then, the solution was compared with solutions that did not undergo bubbling. Various electrolyte compositions (various concentrations of acetate and nitrate) were observed in solutions under the non-Ar bubbling condition. Moreover, the oxygen in the solution remarkably affected the morphology of the nanosheet, which became much denser and taller. Therefore, altering electrolyte composition affects morphology, although the effect is not as significant. Electrolyte composition must be optimized to produce the desired short and dense nanosheets because a low concentration of each anion leads to the production of a non-nanosheet layer, whereas a high concentration causes reduction in the density coverage of the nanosheet. A complete discussion of this phenomenon is presented in this study.

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