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Makara Journal of Science
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23391995     EISSN : 23560851     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/mss
Core Subject :
Makara Journal of Science publishes original research or theoretical papers, notes, and minireviews on new knowledge and research or research applications on current issues in basic sciences, namely: Material Sciences (including: physics, biology, and chemistry); Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology (including: microbiology, physiology, ecology, taxonomy and evolution); and Biotechnology.
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Articles 880 Documents
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Model of Steady State Cyclohexane Oxidation for Ketone-Alcohol (K-A) Oil Production Agustriyanto, Rudy; Fatmawati, Akbarningrum
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Cylohexane oxidation is of great industrial importance in the production of intermediates for the manufacture of nylon6 and nylon-6,6. Most cyclohexane is commercially converted into a cyclohexanone–cyclohexanol mixture (known as K-A oil) by catalytic oxidation. K-A (Ketone-Alcohol) oil is then used as a raw material for adipic acid and caprolactam production. Practically, if the cyclohexanol content of KA oil is higher than that of cyclohexanone, it is more profitable to convert it into adipic acid; otherwise caprolactam production is more likely. The steady state cyclohexane oxidation reaction model in a stirred tank reactor for K-A oil production is presented and solved in this paper. The model was derived based on the mass balance and mass transfer equations using the kinetic equation. The set of algebraic equations was solved using non linear programming. The advantage of this method is that the relationship among variables can be better understood and an appropriate solution to the equation set can be obtained more quickly. Simulation results are particularly useful for process design such as in determining reactor dimensions and operating conditions.
Development of Immunochromatographic Strip Tests for Selective and Quantitative Detection of Melamine Wicaksono, Wiyogo P.; Ivandini, Tribidasari A.; Saepudin, Endang; Einaga, Yasuaki
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

An immunochromatographic strip test based on the complex reaction of antigen-antibody (melamine-antimelamine) was developed for quantitative detection of melamine. Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) were used to form AuNP-labeled antibody, which then acted as a biosensor. Melamine quantification was performed by the determination of AuNP using anodic stripping voltammetry technique with a boron-doped diamond as the working electrode. With sample volume of 100 µL and immunoreaction time of 7 min, the developed immunochromatographic strip test produced a linear calibration curve for melamine concentration range of 0–0.6 mg/L, with detection limit of 0.1 mg/L and RSD of ~5%. Furthermore, negative results were obtained for samples containing cyanuric acid and urea, indicating that the developed immunochromatographic strip test has potential for selective and quantitative detection of melamine.
Molecular Markers Application for Blast Resistance Selection on the Double Haploid Rice Population
Makara Journal of Science
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Blast disease, caused by fungal Pyricularia grisea Sacc., is one of the most devastating diseases in rice. The use of blast-resistant rice varieties is one of the most efficient ways to control blast disease in rice. Blast-resistant varieties can be produced through breeding. The use of marker-assisted selection (MAS) available to support selection of resistant lines based on resistance gene. The objective of this research was to compare the resistance response of the double haploid lines with the differential varieties to three selected Indonesian blast races and to identify the resistance genes caused the resistance to blast based on the resistance response and the genotype evaluation using molecular markers. Forty-nine double haploid lines from a double crossing IR54/Parekaligolara//Bio110/Markuti were selected using molecular markers based on the targeted genes Pib, Pi1, Pi2, Pi9, Pi33, Pir4, and Pir7. To compare the phenotype selection, ten LTH monogenic lines of differential varieties were used. All plants tested were inoculated by three selected Indonesian blast races. The results show that the Pib gene caused a resistance to race 123, while the Pi1 and Pir7 genes caused a resistance to race 123 and 133. The Pi2, Pi9, Pi33, and Pir4 genes did not cause a resistance to race 123, 133, or 173.
Detection of Submicroscopic Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections from Fecal Samples in Nangapanda, Ende, Using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Makara Journal of Science
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections (Necator americanus (hookworm), Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm), and Ascaris lumbricoides) can lead to anemia, malnutrition, and iron deficiency. Traditionally, STH infections have been diagnosed using microscopy to detect eggs in human fecal samples. However, there are several limitations of this method. The aim of this research was to detect the percentage of submicroscopic STH infections from human fecal samples (children, 5–18 years old) in Nangapanda, Ende, using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The fecal samples were collected in two time periods, which were before and after treatment, using 400 mg of Albendazole. There were 242 samples in total, but only 45 negative samples from microscopic detection were tested with real-time PCR. The DNA samples were isolated and amplified wih primers of internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1 and ITS-2) region of rDNA. The detection of samples with real-time PCR generated an amplification curve in VIC, FAM, and Texas Red fluorophore. Three samples (6.7%) in pre-treatment were low load of DNA (N. americanus and A. lumbricoides) (Ct > 35). Four samples (9.1%) were low load of DNA (N. americanus) (Ct > 35) in post-treatment. Five samples (11.4%) were moderate load of DNA (A. lumbricoides) (30 < Ct < 35) in post-treatment. This study showed that real-time PCR could detect submicroscopic infections from specific species of hookworm and A. lumbricoides
Micromagnetic Simulation of the Depinning Field Domain Wall on Symmetric Double Notch Ferromagnetic Wires
Makara Journal of Science
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the depinning field domain wall on symmetric double notch ferromagnetic wires by means of micromagnetic simulation for Permalloy (Py), Cobalt (Co), and Nickel (Ni) materials. The depinning field domain wall increases as the size of the notch decreases. At a lower depinning field, the domain wall inner structure exhibited a transverse wall (TW), while at a higher depinning field, there was a transformation of the domain wall inner structure from transverse wall to antivortex wall (AVW). We also observed that the magnetization energy increased as the size of the notch decreased. This means that more energy was needed to release the domain wall from a smaller notch. Micromagnetic simulation showed that the depinning field domain wall depends on the size of the notch and on the ferromagnetic anisotropy.
Detection of Papua New Guinea Thalassemia Alpha Mutation in Gayo, Sumba, Ternate, and Timika Populations
Makara Journal of Science
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Papua New Guinea (PNG) mutation is a point mutation that occurs in noncoding region of alpha globin clusters. Polymorphism promotes an additional recognition site for transcription factor (GATA-1) which presumably downregulates alpha globin synthesis. The aim of this research is to detect PNG mutation in other populations in Indonesia, thus the results will be used for completing standard diagnoses in detecting alpha thalassemia mutation based on ethnic background. The method used in detecting PNG mutation was PCR-RFLP. Detection of 399 samples (MCH
Sansevieria trifasciata Properties as Lead(II) Ion Biosorbent
Makara Journal of Science
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Sansevieria trifasciata (also called snake plant or mother in law’s tongue) is predicted to act as a heavy metal biosorbent. S. trifasciata was optimized as a biosorbent by using the response surface method with varying weights of S. trifasciata, pH of Pb (II) solutions, contact times, and temperatures. The ion concentration before and after biosorption was measured with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The optimum biosorption conditions were pH 7, 240 min contact time, and 1.5 g biosorbent with biosorption capacity of Pb (II) ions 0.725 mg/g. The biosorption isotherm analysis showed that the biosorption is consistent with the Freundlich isotherm model. The peak intensity of the FTIR spectrum of S. trifasciata after treatment with Pb (II) was around 2130/cm. The S. trifasciata micrograph showed a porous structure with non-uniform pore sizes. The biosorption of Pb (II) ions on powdered S. trifasciata leaves was found with the SEM EDX analysis. It is concluded from this research that S. trifasciata can be used as a biosorbent to remove Pb ion contamination.
Molecular Markers Application for Blast Resistance Selection on the Double Haploid Rice Population
Makara Journal of Science
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Blast disease, caused by fungal Pyricularia grisea Sacc., is one of the most devastating diseases in rice. The use of blast-resistant rice varieties is one of the most efficient ways to control blast disease in rice. Blast-resistant varieties can be produced through breeding. The use of marker-assisted selection (MAS) available to support selection of resistant lines based on resistance gene. The objective of this research was to compare the resistance response of the double haploid lines with the differential varieties to three selected Indonesian blast races and to identify the resistance genes caused the resistance to blast based on the resistance response and the genotype evaluation using molecular markers. Forty-nine double haploid lines from a double crossing IR54/Parekaligolara//Bio110/Markuti were selected using molecular markers based on the targeted genes Pib, Pi1, Pi2, Pi9, Pi33, Pir4, and Pir7. To compare the phenotype selection, ten LTH monogenic lines of differential varieties were used. All plants tested were inoculated by three selected Indonesian blast races. The results show that the Pib gene caused a resistance to race 123, while the Pi1 and Pir7 genes caused a resistance to race 123 and 133. The Pi2, Pi9, Pi33, and Pir4 genes did not cause a resistance to race 123, 133, or 173.
Micromagnetic Simulation of the Depinning Field Domain Wall on Symmetric Double Notch Ferromagnetic Wires
Makara Journal of Science
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the depinning field domain wall on symmetric double notch ferromagnetic wires by means of micromagnetic simulation for Permalloy (Py), Cobalt (Co), and Nickel (Ni) materials. The depinning field domain wall increases as the size of the notch decreases. At a lower depinning field, the domain wall inner structure exhibited a transverse wall (TW), while at a higher depinning field, there was a transformation of the domain wall inner structure from transverse wall to antivortex wall (AVW). We also observed that the magnetization energy increased as the size of the notch decreased. This means that more energy was needed to release the domain wall from a smaller notch. Micromagnetic simulation showed that the depinning field domain wall depends on the size of the notch and on the ferromagnetic anisotropy.
Detection of Submicroscopic Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections from Fecal Samples in Nangapanda, Ende, Using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Makara Journal of Science
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections (Necator americanus (hookworm), Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm), and Ascaris lumbricoides) can lead to anemia, malnutrition, and iron deficiency. Traditionally, STH infections have been diagnosed using microscopy to detect eggs in human fecal samples. However, there are several limitations of this method. The aim of this research was to detect the percentage of submicroscopic STH infections from human fecal samples (children, 5–18 years old) in Nangapanda, Ende, using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The fecal samples were collected in two time periods, which were before and after treatment, using 400 mg of Albendazole. There were 242 samples in total, but only 45 negative samples from microscopic detection were tested with real-time PCR. The DNA samples were isolated and amplified wih primers of internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1 and ITS-2) region of rDNA. The detection of samples with real-time PCR generated an amplification curve in VIC, FAM, and Texas Red fluorophore. Three samples (6.7%) in pre-treatment were low load of DNA (N. americanus and A. lumbricoides) (Ct > 35). Four samples (9.1%) were low load of DNA (N. americanus) (Ct > 35) in post-treatment. Five samples (11.4%) were moderate load of DNA (A. lumbricoides) (30 < Ct < 35) in post-treatment. This study showed that real-time PCR could detect submicroscopic infections from specific species of hookworm and A. lumbricoides

Page 25 of 88 | Total Record : 880

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