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Makara Journal of Science
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23391995     EISSN : 23560851     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/mss
Core Subject :
Makara Journal of Science publishes original research or theoretical papers, notes, and minireviews on new knowledge and research or research applications on current issues in basic sciences, namely: Material Sciences (including: physics, biology, and chemistry); Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology (including: microbiology, physiology, ecology, taxonomy and evolution); and Biotechnology.
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Articles 880 Documents
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Intergenus Protoplast Fusion between Pichia manshurica and Rhodosporidium paludigenum to Increase the Production of Inulinase Wijanarka, Wijanarka; Soetarto, Endang Sutariningsih; Dewi, Kumala; Indrianto, Ari
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 4
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Abstract

The purposes of this study was to identify the optimum concentration of the lytic enzyme Glucanex for protoplast isolation and to conduct fusion for the purpose of increasing inulinase production. The study performs the protoplast fusion technique using Pichia manshurica and Rhodosporidium paludigenum. Protoplast fusion consists of a series of stages: protoplast isolation, protoplast fusion, protoplast regeneration, and analysis of hybrid fusion results. Protoplast isolation and fusion success rate are determined by various factors, including age of the culture, media type, and type of lytic enzymes used. Hybrid results were analyzed using a fungicide as a marker and measuring specific growth rate (µ) of the hybrid compared with parental growth rates. Results demonstrated that a concentration of 4 mg/mL of Glucanex produces the greatest number of protoplasts, 7.2 x 1010 (cell/mL) for P. manshurica and 8.8 x 1010 (cell/mL) for Rh. paludigenum. The results of analysis of hybrid fusions indicate that the study has identified a new fusant, called fusant F4. Fusant F4 is capable of producing the highest inulinase, 0.6892 IU, compared with parentals P. manshurica, 0557 IU, and Rh. paludigenum, 0.3263 IU. Fusant F4 has specific growth rate (µ) of 0.3360/h and generation time (g) of 2.0629 h.
Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mode in the Tropical Indian Ocean during 2011 Iskandar, Iskhaq; Mardiansyah, Wijaya; Setiabudidaya, Dedi
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 4
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Abstract

Coupled ocean-atmosphere mode in the tropical Indian Ocean, so-called the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), occurred
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Alginate-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles Foliatini, Foliatini; Yulizar, Yoki; Hafizah, Mas Ayu Elita
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 4
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during boreal summer to fall 2011. In this study, data from satellite observations and atmospheric reanalysis datasets
Isolation of Pandangolide 1 from Cladosporium oxysporum, An Endophyte of the Terrestrial Plant Alyxia reinwardtii Hartanti, Dwi; Purwanti, Diah Intan; Putro, Herdayanto Sulistyo; Rateb, Mostafa Ezzat; Wongso, Suwidji; Sugijanto, Noor Erma; Ebel, Rainer; Indrayanto, Gunawan
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 4
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Abstract

that the 2011 IOD was a weak and short-lived event. It developed in July, peaked in September, decayed in October and
Induction of Callose Deposition in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) by Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci and Pseudomonas syringae pv. Glycinea Marianingsih, Pipit; Salamah, Andi; Ichinose, Yuki
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 4
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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major component of outer-membrane gram-negative bacteria, and it can act as a Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP) for perception of pathogens by plants. LPS can be recognized by plants, triggering certain plant defense-related responses, including callose deposition. This study investigated induction of callose deposition by bacterial LPS in tobacco. Tobacco leaves were infiltrated with 400 µg/mL and 800 µg/mL LPS extracted from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (Pta) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea (Pgl) and incubated for 24 h or 48 h. To detect callose deposition, tobacco leaves were cleared in lactophenol solution, stained with aniline blue, and visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Results showed that LPS from Pgl induced more callose deposition in tobacco leaves than did that from Pta. In addition, a Pearson correlation test revealed that incubation period was the most significant factor in callose deposition, followed by the type of LPS bacteria. However, LPS concentration was not significantly corelated to callose deposition in tobacco leaves
Discrete Energies of a Weakly Outcoupled Atom Laser Beam Outside the Bose–Einstein Condensate Region Prayitno, Teguh Budi
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 4
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We consider the possibility of a discrete set of energies of a weakly outcoupled atom laser beam to the homogeneous Schrödinger equation with anisotropic harmonic trap in Cartesian coordinates outside the Bose–Einstein condensate region. This treatment is used because working in the cylindrical coordinates is not really possible, even though we implement the cigar-shaped trap case. The Schrödinger equation appears to replace a set of two-coupled Gross– Pitaevskii equations by enabling the weak-coupling assumption. This atom laser can be produced in a simple way that only involves extracting the atoms in a condensate from by using the radio frequency field. We initially present the relation between condensates as sources and atom laser as an output by exploring the previous work of Riou et al. in the case of theoretical work for the propagation of atom laser beams. We also show that even though the discrete energies are obtained by means of an approaching harmonic oscillator, degeneracy is only available in two states because of the anisotropic external potential
The Use of Carbon Dioxide Released from Coconut Shell Combustion to Produce Na2CO3 Simanjuntak, Wasinton; Sembiring, Simon; Zakaria, Wan Abbas; Pandiangan, Kamisah D
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 3
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In this investigation, sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) was produced by reacting the CO2 released from coconut shell combustion with NaOH solution with molar concentrations of 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, and 8.0 M. The main purpose of the study was to assess the potential of the proposed method for mitigation of the CO2 gas released into the atmosphere by the coconut shell industry. The Na2CO3 powder produced was oven-dried at 110 oC and subsequently characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM/EDS techniques. Thermal analysis was also carried out using DTA/TGA to investigate the thermal mechanisms of sodium carbonate formation. The experimental results show that the concentration of NaOH influences the mass of sodium carbonate produced, with the highest mass of 190.6 g obtained using 7.0 M NaOH solution. The FTIR analyses show the existence of O-H, C-O, C=O, and CO3 -2, confirming the formation of Na2CO3. The C-S functional group was also detected most likely due to the presence of the sulfur that naturally exists in the coconut shell. The formation of Na2CO3 is also supported by the presence of C, Na, and O on the EDS results and the presence of the thermonatrite (Na2CO3.H2O) phase, as seen by the XRD. The XRD analysis of the sintered sample at 450 oC indicates the transformation of thermonatrite into sodium carbonate and sodium oxide, which is in accordance with the results of DTA/TGA analysis. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that the proposed method can be applied to mitigation of CO2 gas released by the coconut shell industry.
Diversity and the Composition of Fatty Acids of Lipolytic Bacteria Isolated from Soil and Aquatic Sediment in a Forest and on an Oil Palm Plantation Wijayanti, Marini; Meryandini, Anja; Wahyudi, Aris Tri; Yuhana, Munti
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 3
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The specific bacteria in forests and on oil palm plantations are lipolytic bacteria. Their enzymes have been applied in the agro-aquaculture, food, detergent, pharmaceutical, dairy, and biodiesel-biokerosene industries. This study describes the diversity of cultivable lipolytic bacteria from soil and aquatic sediment in a forest and on an oil palm plantation and their fatty acid products. Soil samples used in this research were obtained from topsoil in a lowland forest and on an oil palm plantation and from sediments in fresh water near these sites. The forest is located in Bukit Duabelas National Park, and the oil palm plantation is near the forest in Sarolangun District, Jambi Province, Indonesia. Twenty-two isolates of lypolitic bacteria were selected from 32 isolates grown in lipolytic selective medium. The 22 consisted of 11 isolates from topsoil and 11 from aquatic sediment from the forest and plantation area. These isolates were identified by 16S rRNA-sequence data analysis. Taxonomically, they belonged to five genera: Burkholderia, Cupriavidus, Serratia, Acinetobacter, and Kurthia. The maximum likelihood tree showed that they are phylogenetically distributed in three clusters. They were clustered into three groups: the Burkholderia-Cupriavidus group, the Serratia-Acinetobacter group, and the Kurthia group. Their lipolytic enzymes formed various fatty acids after analysis by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Some isolates formed essential fatty acids, such as linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), and docosahexanoic acid (DHA).
Phase Diagrams and Current Density Profiles of the Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process in Two Dimensions, for a Three-Way Junction Septiana, Rini; Indriawati, Annisa; Dwandaru, Wipsar Sunu Brams
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 3
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This study explores a dynamical model called the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) in two dimensions (2D). An open boundary condition is specified for the model, and sequential updating dynamics are used as the dynamical rule. The system studied is a discrete 2D system of lattice sites, which are modified into a three-way junction. Two cases are considered: a three-way junction with two entrances and one exit, and a three-way junction with one entrance and two exits. The density and current density of the system are determined numerically, such that a phase diagram is obtained. The continuity equation describing the dynamics of particles in the system is solved by using a simple Euler method. The results show that the density and current density profiles, as functions of the lattice sites, are determined by the input and output rates at their boundaries. Moreover, the density phases obtained are combinations of the density phases of the TASEP, which yield a rich phase diagram
Suspension Stability and Characterization of Chitosan Nanoparticle–Coated Ketoprofen Based on Surfactants Oleic Acid and Poloxamer 188 Rasyid, Nur Qadri; Sugita, Purwantiningsih; Ambarsari, Laksmi; Syahbirin, Gustini
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 3
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In this research, ketoprofen was used as a drug model in the preparation of chitosan nanoparticles as a potential drug delivery system through the ionic gelation process with tripolyphosphate (TPP). The particle size analysis (PSA) revealed that the average particle size, polydispersity index (PI), and entrapment efficiency of chitosan nanoparticles prepared with oleic acid were 253.7 nm and 0.375 with drug entrapment efficiency of 73.30%. Those prepared with poloxamer 188 were 242.94 nm and 0.302 with drug entrapment efficiency of 87.89%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the shapes of the nanoparticles, both prepared with oleic acid and poloxamer 188, were intact and spherical. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated several differences between the spectra of chitosan- and ketoprofen-loaded chitosan nanoparticles; for example, a new peak at the wavenumber 1409/cm indicated the presence of electrostatic interaction between the carboxyl group of ketoprofen and the amino group of chitosan. The chitosan nanoparticle suspension prepared with poloxamer 188 showed smaller increases in turbidity and viscosity than that prepared with oleic acid after 34 d of storage.

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