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Ivandini Tribidasari A.
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Makara Journal of Science
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23391995     EISSN : 23560851     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/mss
Core Subject :
Makara Journal of Science publishes original research or theoretical papers, notes, and minireviews on new knowledge and research or research applications on current issues in basic sciences, namely: Material Sciences (including: physics, biology, and chemistry); Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology (including: microbiology, physiology, ecology, taxonomy and evolution); and Biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 880 Documents
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Development of a Multi-Epitope Peptide Vaccine Against Monkeypox Virus: Immunoinformatics Analysis for South East Asian HLA Alleles Chandra, Nelson; Herdiansyah, Mochammad Aqilah; Kharisma, Viol Dhea; Ansori, Arif Nur Muhammad; Parikesit, Arli Aditya
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 1
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Abstract

The monkeypox virus (MPXV), a DNA virus causing zoonotic disease, poses major global public health challenges, with mortality rates between 3%–6%. Although smallpox vaccines provide partial cross-protection, there is a critical need for a dedicated, effective monkeypox (mpox) vaccine. This study aimed to design a multi-epitope peptide-based vaccine specifically adapted to the HLA allele profiles common in Southeast Asian populations, where MPXV cases are rising. Using immunoinformatics, we screened for and detected B and T cell epitopes from the MPXV cell surface antigen and IFN-alpha/beta receptor proteins. The vaccine design was validated through a rigorous evaluation of its antigenicity, immunogenicity, allergenicity, and toxicity to ensure both safety and efficacy. Key epitopes were mapped to HLA alleles including HLA-A*11:01, HLA-A*24:02, and HLA-B*15:02, which are highly prevalent in Southeast Asia populations. Molecular docking analyses demonstrated stable interactions between the vaccine construct and TLR3/TLR4 immune receptors, suggesting a robust immune response activation. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the structural stability of the vaccine-receptor complex. This immunoinformatics-driven multi-epitope vaccine design offers a promising candidate for combating MPXV, with high projected coverage and immuno-genic potential for Southeast Asian populations. Validation in laboratory and clinical settings is recommended to con-firm these findings.
Cloning and Expression of SCAMP3 in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) with In Silico Sequence-Based Cancer Epitopes Prediction Rajagukguk, Selly Setiati; Pambudi, Sabar; Dwiranti, Astari; Utomo, Doddy Irawan Setyo; Bowolaksono, Anom
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 1
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Abstract

Secretory carrier membrane protein 3 (SCAMP3) is a crucial membrane protein involved in intracellular vesicle traffick-ing and exocytosis. The SCAMP3 expression has been observed in diverse cancer types, such as melanoma, glioma, hepatocellular and breast cancer. Increased SCAMP3 expression has been reported in certain cancer cells relative to that in normal cells, suggesting the potential role of SCAMP3 in cancer development or progression. In this study, we successfully cloned and expressed SCAMP3 in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3). SCAMP3 was amplified and insert-ed directionally into the prokaryotic expression vector pET21d(+). The transformation of recombinant plasmid into E. coli BL21(DE3) cells were performed for the protein expression. SDS–PAGE and Western blotting were performed to detect the expression product induced by IPTG, which confirmed the presence of a recombinant pET21d(+)-SCAMP3 at 38-kDa protein weight. Bioinformatics analyses helped discover several possible epitopes distributed throughout the SCAMP3 protein sequence. These findings together serve as a basis for future biochemical and functional studies on this important membrane protein alongside immunotherapy research related to SCAMP3 as a cancer biomarker.
Assessment of Fish Biodiversity of the Cimandiri Watershed, West Java, Indonesia Gustiano, Rudhy; Haryono, Haryono; Wahyudewantoro, Gema; Krismono, Krismono; Rusdianto, Rusdianto; Nur, Firman M.
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 1
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Abstract

Information on the fish biodiversity of the Cimandiri Watershed is incomplete, and human activities and anthropogen-ic impacts pose a significant threat to this biodiversity. The purpose of this study was to assess the biodiversity of fish in the Cimandiri Watershed. The results indicated that fish biodiversity in the area included 104 species belonging to 49 families. There were 26 species in the upstream area, 47 species in the middle area, and 61 species in the downstream area. Forty-three species were native to Indonesia, and 7 of the native fish were endemic to the area. There were 11 introduced species belonging to 6 families. Analysis of biodiversity status shows that 4 species were threatened, 2 spe-cies were near-threatened, 76 species were less considered, and 18 species have not yet been evaluated. Among the economically important species present, the eel is the most common in the Cimandiri Watershed. This study has re-vealed the profile of the Cimandiri Watershed, the characteristics of its ecosystem, fish biodiversity, economically im-portant fish species, the conservation status of fish species, and the threats to the fish biodiversity within it.
Effect of Temperature on Physicochemical Properties of Plasticized Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose K100–Carbopol 934 Films Containing Propylene Glycol as Plasticizer Panda, Braja Bihari; Sahoo, Rudra Narayan; Nayak, Amit Kumar
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 1
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Abstract

This paper studies the effect of different temperatures on different important physicochemical characteristics of plasti-cized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) K100-Carbopol 934 films containing propylene glycol (as a plasticizer), such as the rheology, thickness, folding endurance, tensile strength, elongation, and in vitro swelling with diffusion ki-netics. Rheology of HPMC K100-Carbopol 934 blend dispersions containing propylene glycol (before film casting) demonstrates that the flow is shear thinning and pseudoplastic. In the study of in vitro swelling, the relaxation-controlled transport is the predominant process of solvent diffusion into these plasticized HPMC K100–Carbopol 934 blend films under study. The results suggest that the solvent transport process followed second-order kinetics, and the diffusion mechanism is non-Fickian diffusion. Regular measurements of mass variation, as well as the isothermal ki-netic curves, are plotted. The plasticized HPMC K100–Carbopol 934 blend films are characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy.
Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Actinobacteria Isolated from Ziziphus mauritiana Against Multidrug-Resistant Strains Khairani, Hafifatunil; Priyanto, Jepri Agung; Prastya, Muhammad Eka; Retnowati, Dwi
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 1
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Abstract

Increasing resistance to existing antibiotics has led to a need for new alternative sources. Among the possibilities that need to be explored is the endophytic actinobacteria associated with Ziziphus mauritiana. The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of endophytic actinobacteria isolated from Z. mauritiana against five multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Thirty actinobacteria isolates were obtained from the roots, stem, and leaves of the plant using the serial dilution technique. Using a double-layer agar test, we found that colonies from five of the 30 isolates (16%) exhibited antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the M18 strain of Bacillus subtilis. Interestingly, the crude extracts derived from four selected isolates (BBK 1, DBK 2, DBK 3, and DBSB 1) showed inhibitory activity against MRSA, with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 8 (±0.8) to 11 (±2.9) mm. The highest inhibition zone was seen in DBK 2. This had a zone diameter of 11 (±2.9) mm, which is not signifi-cantly different from the zone diameter of 12 (±0) mm seen in tetracycline. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using the micro-broth dilution technique. This showed MICs ranging from 2,500–5,000 μg/mL in the four extracts. Based on 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequences, the four selected isolates were found to belong to the Streptomyces spp., with similarity values exceeding 99%. These four isolates require further study as potential antibiotic sources, particularly against MRSA.
Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant Activity, and Cytotoxic Effects of Physalis angulata and Moringa oleifera Leaf Extracts on Cancer and Normal Cells In Vitro Priyandoko, Didik; Widowati, Wahyu; Sholihah, Ika Adhani; Zahira, Nurul Zahra; Bangun, Adityana Arta; Kusdianti, Kusdianti; Hernawati, Hernawati; Surakusumah, Wahyu; Juansah, Rahadian Deden
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 1
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Abstract

Physalis angulata and Moringa oleifera have long been the key ingredients of traditional medicine. This study aimed to obtain the metabolite profiles of the ethanolic leaf extracts of P. angulata (ELP) and M. oleifera (ELM), evaluate their antioxidant activity, and assess their toxicity against normal and cancer cells. The leaves were sourced from Balittro, West Java. The extraction used 70% ethanol and continued for 3 days. The metabolites were identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), antioxidant activity was ascertained via the DPPH assay, and cytotoxicity was evaluated employing the PrestoBlue assay. GC-MS identified 23 compounds in ELP and 15 in ELM. The DPPH assay showed that ELM, ELP, or their combination exhibited marked antioxidant activity, with inhibition ranging from 50% to 90%. The toxicity assay against MCF-7 cancer cells demonstrated that ELP at 1,500 µg/mL and ELM at 1,200 µg/mL induced cytotoxicity. The ELP + ELM formulation exhibited stronger cytotoxic effects than the positive control. In contrast, ELM or ELP did not induce toxicity in normal CV-1 cells and, stimulated viability com-pared to the control. Thus, the phytochemical contents of ELM and ELP exhibited enhanced antioxidant activity, in-duced toxicity in cancer cells, and were safe for normal cells.
Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats Application on the Identification of Genetic Variation of a New Indonesian Melon Cultivar “Melona” Salsabila, Tantri Ajeng Salma; Yusuf, Adib Fakhruddin; Wibowo, Wiko Arif; Kusnanda, Prima Sekti; Daryono, Budi Setiadi
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 1
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The field of identification of molecular markers has seen significant advancements, with the Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) emerging as a prominent tool for characterizing genetic variation within species. This study focuses on the new Indonesian melon cultivar “Melona,” developed through selective breeding of commercial melons. This study aimed to assess the utility of ISSR markers in evaluating the genetic variation and stability of the “Melona” cultivar. Comparisons were made with established cultivars—‘Inthanon,” “Rich Sweetness,” “Chamoe,” and “Hikapel”—using five ISSR primers: UBC 807, UBC 808, UBC 810, UBC 812, and UBC 826. A total of 70 DNA fragments with a high polymorphism rate were produced, thereby providing insight into phenetic relationships among the cultivars with simi-larity indices <70%. These genetic distinctions were corroborated through morphological evaluations. These findings indicate that ISSR markers effectively reveal genetic variation within species, offering a practical approach for devel-oping new plant varieties in the Cucurbitaceae family.
A Comparison of Unconventional Microwave and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Methods used for Flavonoids Rahmawati, Istiqomah; Azizi, Daffa Hafiziaulhaq; Wibowo, Jihan Nafila; Reza, Muhammad; Fachri, Boy Arief; Palupi, Bekti; Rizkiana, Meta Fitri; Amini, Helda Wika; Ramadana, Ifan; Setiawan, Felix Arie
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 1
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Cocoa pods (Theobroma cacao L.) are a rich source of flavonoids, which are natural antioxidants known for their health benefits. This study investigated the use of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted ex-traction (UAE) to extract the maximum flavonoids and antioxidants from cocoa pods. MAE and UAE are efficient and sustainable methods for extracting bioactive compounds like flavonoids and antioxidants from cocoa pods, offer-ing faster extraction, reduced solvent use, and better compound preservation compared to conventional methods. These technologies unlock the untapped potential of cocoa pods for applications in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuti-cals. The effects of extraction time (2–10 min), microwave power (100–300 W), and the ratio of cocoa husk powder to solvent (0.02–0.06 g/mL) were evaluated for MAE. Meanwhile, for UAE, different temperatures (30–50 °C), times (10–30 min), and powers (16–48 W) were studied. The Design-Expert® software with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and a Box-Behnken Design was utilized to analyze the effects of a combination of these parameters. The re-sults showed that extraction time, microwave power, and the ratio of cocoa husk powder–solvent significantly affected the total flavonoid yield and antioxidant capacity. The highest total flavonoid yield obtained by the MAE method (123.07 ppm) was at an extraction time of 10 min, cocoa husk–solvent ratio of 0.06 mg/mL, and microwave power of 300 W. The extract obtained by the MAE method showed an excellent antioxidant capacity of 43.49 mg/mL GAEAC, and a robust antioxidant activity indicated by an IC50 value of 42.19. Conversely, the highest total flavonoid yield of the UAE method (8.45 mg/mL GAEAC) was achieved at 30 min, 40 °C, and 40 W. The extract from the UAE method demonstrated a better antioxidant capacity (7.51 mg/mL GAEAC) and antioxidant activity (IC50 value of 23.46) than that from the MAE technique
Diversity and Distribution of Macrofungi in the Mid-hills of Bagmati Province, Central Nepal Adhikari, Hari Sharan; Shrestha, Suman; Gurung, Manoj; Pandit, Sushma; Balami, Sujan
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 1
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The current study was carried out at seven research sites in the mid-hills (900-2500m asl) across six districts in Bagmati province, central Nepal to analyze the variety and distribution of macrofungal communities. The survey was carried out in the wet seasons from August 2017 to September 2022, including frequent field visits to the selected forests. Vari-ous diversity indices were applied to ascertain the composition of the macrofungal communities in the study area. A total of 133 wild macrofungal species belonging to 80 genera, 50 families, and 19 orders were observed. The macro-fungal population in the Bagmati province was dominated by Russula (10 spp.) and the family Russulaceae (14 spp.). Additionally, 50 edible, 28 inedible, and 12 potentially medicinally-mushrooms have been identified. With 75 species, humicolous macrofungi dominated all others, followed by lignicolous ones (48 spp.). A majority of the species (50) were edible, whereas the numbers of medicinal and poisonous ones were 11 and 6 respectively. Based on their ecology, the saprobic and mycorrhizal macrofungi were predominant at 67 and 45 species, respectively. The diversity indices varied from 19 to 40 (richness), 3.68 to 7.79 (Margalef), 0.91 to 0.98 (Simpson’s dominance), 0.28 to 0.36 (Shannon–Wiener’s diversity) and 0.056 to 0.074 (evenness). The results of this study indicated that several macrofungi might be employed as foods and alternative medicines requiring more studies. This study further contributes to the existing data on mushroom diversity in the Bagmati province of Nepal.
Effect of Sorbitol Plasticizer on Bioplastics Properties Based on Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) and Jackfruit Seed Starch Sasria, Nia; Afifah, Vita Nur; Nur Tajalla, Gusti Umindya
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 2
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Abstract

In bioplastics, natural materials that are easily decomposed are used to minimize plastic waste. In this research, the compositions used were cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), jackfruit seed starch, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a filler with sorbitol as a plasticizer. This study aimed to analyze the effect of a sorbitol plasticizer on bioplastic properties. The study began by extracting jackfruit seed starch and OPEFB cellulose. Subsequently, bioplastics were prepared by varying sorbitol, namely 0 (S – 0), 0.5 mL (S – 0.5), 1 mL (S – 1), and 1.5 ml (S – 1.5), with CMC 20%. As a result, the S – 0 variation showed the highest water resistance at 43.44%. The highest biodegradation test was in the S – 1.5 variation of 48.54% for 6 days in the soil media. The SEM test found voids in the S – 1.5 sample. Next, the best tensile strength test in the S – 0 variation was 5.44 MPa, while the S – 1.5 variation had the optimum elongation value at 13.54%. Overall, the nature of resistance to water and tensile strength were directly proportional. However, these two samples were inversely proportional to biodegradation and elongation. Meanwhile, the characteristics of biodegradation and elongation were directly compared.

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