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INDONESIA
MEDICINUS
Published by PT Dexa Medica
ISSN : 1979391X     EISSN : 29638399     DOI : 10.56951
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health
Tujuan penerbitan jurnal Medicinus adalah untuk meningkatkan wawasan dan menambah khasanah pengetahuan para praktisi medis dan farmasis di bidang kedokteran dan kefarmasian. Ruang lingkup dari jurnal ilmiah ini adalah publikasi artikel-artikel ilmiah yang bisa disajikan dalam bentuk penelitian (research), laporan kasus (case report), teknologi dan klinis kefarmasian, serta ulasan literatur medis.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 208 Documents
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Disfagia dalam Perspektif Klinis Kontemporer Raymond R. Tjandrawinata
MEDICINUS Vol. 39 No. 3 (2026): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56951/r1kbev80

Abstract

Dysphagia is a clinical symptom with diverse etiologies that is often narrowly interpreted as a neurological disorder or mechanical obstruction, however, recent literature indicates that it may present as a dominant symptom in chronictonsillopharyngitis with acute exacerbation. This narrative perspective review discusses the variability of dysphagia manifestations, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, and the implications for management in inflammatorytonsillopharyngitis compared to dysphagia due to stroke, neurological, and neoplastic conditions, emphasizing that inflammatory dysphagia related to tonsillopharyngitis is potentially reversible and gives favourable response to cultureguidedantibiotics, short-term corticosteroids, as well as dietary modification. Early recognition of these clinical variations is essential to improve diagnostic accuracy and patients’ quality of life.dysphagia, chronic tonsillopharyngitis, acute exacerbation, oropharynx inflammation, clinical management
Kurang Tidur dan Regulasi Nafsu Makan: Tinjauan Mekanisme Hormonal dan Metabolik Rossy Triana; Desak Ketut Indrasari Utami
MEDICINUS Vol. 39 No. 4 (2026): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56951/wt0v0274

Abstract

Sleep deprivation has become an increasingly prevalent global health issue in the modern era. This condition not only affects cognitive function and quality of life but is also closely associated with the regulation of appetite and metabolic processes. Numerous studies have demonstrated that sleep insufficiency triggers hormonal changes, including increased ghrelin level, decreased leptin level, and alterations in other hormones involved in hunger and satiety regulation. These physiological changes promote increased energy intake, particularly from calorie-dense foods, while weakening cognitivecontrol over eating impulses. Moreover, sleep deprivation has been shown to reduce insulin sensitivity, increase insulin resistance, and disrupt glucose homeostasis, thereby contributing to the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolicsyndrome. Therefore, adequate and good-quality sleep plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolic balance and preventing long-term health complications.
Delayed Referral of a Neonate with Biliary Atresia Presenting as Jaundice: A Case Report Zubaity Ardhanariswari; Rendi Aji Prihaningtyas; Muji Retnaning Rini; Muhammad Faizi; Bagus Setyoboedi
MEDICINUS Vol. 39 No. 4 (2026): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56951/rmdf9491

Abstract

Delayed diagnosis of cholestasis in infant remains a significant health problem. Cholestatic jaundice is a pathological condition that requires immediate treatment, particularly in cases such as biliary atresia. Biliary atresia is a progressivefibroinflammatory process that causes fibrosis in biliary tract, resulting in liver cirrhosis if left untreated. This case report aims to describe the delayed referral of biliary atresia in an infant. Case: A 3-month-old girl presented to a tertiary hospitalwith a chief complaint of jaundice. Jaundice had been present since the second day of life and persisted despite sun exposure and breastfeeding. The mother also reported abdominal distension, yellow-brown urine resembling tea, and palestools. Physical examination revealed hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory results showed elevated liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase [AST] 237.4 U/l, alanine transaminase [ALT] 139 U/l, gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT] 864 U/l), and cholestasis (total bilirubin 13.90 mg/dl, direct bilirubin 9.80 mg/dl). A two-phase abdominal ultrasound showed a gallbladder with preprandial size approximately 0.87 x 0.93 x 1.76 cm (length x width x height), with no contractility. Liver histopathologyrevealed extrahepatic cholestasis with extensive fibrosis (F3). The patient was diagnosed with biliary atresia and liver fibrosis and was subsequently referred for liver transplantation. Delayed referral of biliary atresia case is associated withpoor prognosis. Increasing awareness and health education among primary health providers, community health workers, and parents are essential for early detection of cholestasis, which can reduce morbidity, mortality, as well as the need for liver transplantation.
Atypical Presentation of Bullous Herpes Zoster in Immunocompetent Host: A Case Report Jennifer Jesse Limanto; Ina Dia El Em Dama; Benedictus Stefanus
MEDICINUS Vol. 39 No. 4 (2026): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56951/sd4kyf47

Abstract

Background: Herpes zoster is a disease caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, occurring commonly in older adults and rarely in children. In pediatric cases, herpes zoster typically presents with milder symptoms and a shorter duration of illness. However, atypical presentations in otherwise healthy children can pose a diagnostic challenge and warrant careful clinical evaluation. Case: A 14-year-old girl presented with blistering in the left thoracic region, preceded by an episode of fever, followed by the rapid progression of multiple rashes into large bullae, accompanied by stabbing pain. Physical examination revealed multiple vesicles and bullae filled with clear serous fluid on an erythematous base, arranged along the T4 dermatome. A clinical diagnosis of herpes zoster was established. The patient underwent bullae debridement for the giant lesions and was treated with acyclovir, diclofenac sodium, and 2% gentamicin ointment. At follow-up, the lesions showed significant improvement, with no new eruptions, complete pain resolution, and no observed sequelae. Conclusion: Bullous herpes zoster may lead to severe clinical progression even in immunocompetent children. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to prevent morbidity and neurological complications. Therefore, targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies should be considered, especially in the pediatric population.
Association between Frailty and Dialysis Symptom Index among Chronic Hemodialysis Patients in Indonesia Jeremia Immanuel Siregar; Hosea Glory
MEDICINUS Vol. 39 No. 4 (2026): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56951/06rnm232

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major cause of global mortality, with 79% of cases classified as stage G3-G5, making hemodialysis a common necessity. However, patients undergoing hemodialysis are at high risk of experiencingside effects, particularly frailty. Frailty, in turn, may worsen the side effects of hemodialysis and increase the risk of mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between frailty and the Dialysis Symptom Index in chronichemodialysis patients. Methods: This research used a cross-sectional method with an unpaired numerical comparative analytical study design. Data was obtained using the Dialysis Symptom Index (DSI) questionnaire and RAPUH questionnaire. Population of the study consisted of patients aged 18 years and older undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Statistical analysiswas performed using t-test or Mann-Whitney test, as appropriate. Results: There were 35 (24.8%) patients undergoing hemodialysis who experienced frailty and 106 (75.2%) patients undergoing hemodialysis who did not experience frailty. Frail patients exhibited significantly higher prevalence of the following symptoms: lack of appetite (p<0.001), shortness of breath (p=0.039), lightheadedness or dizziness (p=0.022), feeling tired or lack of energy (p<0.001), dry mouth (p=0.004), bone or joint pain (p=0.001), difficulty sleeping (p=0.014), easily awakened (p=0.007), decreased sexual desire (p<0.001), and difficulty becoming aroused sexually (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated a significant associationbetween frailty and the side effects of hemodialysis. The most prevalent symptoms among frail patients included feeling tired or lack of energy, decreased sexual desire, difficulty becoming sexually aroused, easily awakened, muscle cramps, and difficulty sleeping.
Peran Infeksi Bakteri Patogen pada Jalur Inflamasi dalam Patogenesis Kolitis Ulseratif: Tinjauan Pustaka Lismayana Hansur; Paisal
MEDICINUS Vol. 39 No. 4 (2026): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56951/8yr1a459

Abstract

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by mucosal inflammation of the colon. Recent evidence highlights the significant role of gut microbiota dysbiosis and pathogenic bacterial infections in the pathogenesisand progression of the disease. Methods: This study was a literature review conducted through a systematic literature search using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, covering publications from 2014 to 2024. The searchfocused on the involvement of pathogenic bacterial strains and immune-inflammatory mechanisms. Results: Several bacteria, including Bacteroides fragilis, pathogenic Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella species, are known to disrupt intestinal mucosal integrity and trigger inflammation through activation of inflammasome and the interleukin (IL)-17/IL-23 cytokine pathways. Dysbiosis also leads to decreased production of protective metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).Conclusions: A comprehensive understanding of the interactions between pathogenic bacterial infections, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and host immune responses is crucial for the development of diagnostic and personalized therapeutic strategies in the management of ulcerative colitis.
Mortalitas Tuberkulosis Paru di RSUP Prof. dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah, Denpasar I Gede Ketut Sajinadiyasa; Gede Dilajaya Robin; Putu Andrika
MEDICINUS Vol. 39 No. 4 (2026): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56951/dw9ejg91

Abstract

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is the second leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) report in 2022, the global number of deaths due to TB reached 1.3million cases. In Indonesia, the mortality rate due to pulmonary TB in 2021 was 52 cases per 100,000 population. Methods: This is a descriptive study with cross-sectional approach to determine the mortality rate of TB. The subjects were ofpulmonary TB patients recorded at RSUP Prof. dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah, Denpasar, in 2023. The sampling technique used was total sampling. Results: Among the 84 subjects, 33 deaths were recorded. Based on sex, death occurred in 8 (9.5%) female subjects and 25 (29.8%) male subjects. Based on age, death occurred in 8 (9.5%) patients aged ≥60 years and 25 (29.8%) patients aged <60 years. Based on HIV status, death occurred in 20 (23.8%) patients with nonreactive HIV status and 13 (15.5%) patients with reactive HIV status. Based on diabetes status, death occurred in 4 (4.8%) diabetic patients and 29 (34.5%) nondiabetic patients. Based on the type of pulmonary TB, death occurred in 13 (15.5%) patients with clinically diagnosed pulmonary TB and 20 (23.8%) patients with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB. Conclusion: Mortality due to pulmonary TB was more commonly observed among males, individuals under 60 years of age, those withnonreactive HIV status, nondiabetes, and those with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB.
Deprivasi Tidur dan Disregulasi Nafsu Makan Raymond R. Tjandrawinata
MEDICINUS Vol. 39 No. 4 (2026): MEDICINUS
Publisher : PT Dexa Medica

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56951/mq82ds44

Abstract

Sleep deprivation is a biological factor that is often overlooked in appetite regulation. However, growing evidence indicates that disturbances in sleep duration and quality, as well as circadian misalignment can shift hunger–satiety control through hormonal, metabolic, and brain reward system mechanisms. This perspective review discusses the latest evidence regarding the roles of leptin, ghrelin, insulin, stress hormones, circadian rhythms, and chrononutrition in the association between sleep and appetite, highlighting its clinical relevance for general medical practice in the prevention and management of metabolic disorders.

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