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INDONESIA
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat
ISSN : 02151936     EISSN : 26148412     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/bkm.v37i2.2320
Core Subject : Health,
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM Public Health and Community Medicine) is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that deals with the fields of public health and public medicine. The topics of the article will be grouped according to the main message of the author. This focus covers areas and scope related to aspects of: - Epidemiology - Infectious diseases control - Clinical Epidemiology - Environmental Health - Occupational Health - Healthy City - Public Health and Primary Health Care - School of Health Promotion - Healthy lifestyles - Health promotion - Health and Social Behavior - Tobacco and smoking - Adolescent Health - Public Health Nutrition - Maternal and Child Health - Reproductive Health - Population Health - Health of Vulnerable People - Social Determinants of Health - Water, Sanitation and Hygiene - Human Resource Management
Articles 1,528 Documents
“Kekompakan warga seng nggarai Kampung KB iki jos” : Qualitative study of the factors influencing the success of Kampong KB Sidomulyo, Banyuwangi Inriza Yuliandari; Shrimarti Rukmini Devy; Udin Kurniawan Azis
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS7 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Background: Indonesia is the fourth country with the highest population in the world after China, India, and the United States. In line with large population in Indonesia, the government has implemented the Family Planning (KB) program. To strengthen that program, the government has implemented the Kampong KB program since 2016. Kampong KB Sidomulyo was determined as the best Kampong KB in 2019 by The National Population and Planning Family Board (BKKBN) of East Java, Indonesia. Objective: This study is to identify the factors influencing the success of the Kampong KB Sidomulyo, based on the indicators of Kampong KB program, which is focused on services of KB program in accordance with the module, through indicators: active KB participation, long-acting contraceptive used, unmetneed level, and the establishment of fertile age couples with low parity and postpartum. Method: This research was conducted through Focus Group Discussion twice to non and contraceptive acceptor, and in-depth interviews to 6 stakeholders in district level, who was determined purposively in 2019. The method used is qualitative with descriptive research design. Then, the results of this study are compared with the module and other studies. Result: The active participation services of midwives and cadres in intervening the community by Posyandu and active counseling is the main factor in the success of Kampong KB Sidomulyo. Community awareness also plays an important role, as evidenced by active participation in routine activities at Kampong KB Sidomulyo. This program is also supported by the government by funding from BKKBN and empowerment programs from other institutions. Conclusion: Seeing these results, active multi-collaboration between stakeholders and community is a major factor in the success of Kampong KB Sidomulyo. Community participation needs to be maintained and even increased to maintain the sustainability of Kampong KB Sidomulyo through routine activities and proactive doing of stakeholders.
The impacts of early marriage on young women in Indonesia Kusuma Wardani, Indah
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS7 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Objective: This paper reviews information about the impacts of early marriage on the health of young women in Indonesia. Content: Early marriage can affect the high rate of maternal mortality, infant mortality and will affect the low level of health of mothers and children. Early marriages often occur in communities experiencing economic difficulties. Due to financial difficulties for continuing education, parents are forced to marry off their children at an early age. The community is still less aware of the dangers posed by early marriage, besides that the beliefs and customs that apply in the community also determine the occurrence of early marriage. One of the developing cultures in Indonesia is that if a girl gets married over the age of 20, she will become an old maid and will be a disgrace to her family. The physiological impact of early marriage is miscarriage, premature labor, low birth weight, congenital abnormalities, easy infection, anemia and even maternal death. Meanwhile, the psychological impact is the feeling of regret after marriage so that there are frequent quarrels and arguments in the household. Domestic violence in early childhood couples can lead to divorce.
The impact of the micro-scale movement restriction (PPKM micro) policy on the mobility of people and the trend of daily cases of COVID-19 in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Puspitarani, Fitriana; Nur Hayati
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS7 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v0i0.1590

Abstract

Purpose: This article aims to examine the impact of the micro-scale Community Activity Restriction (PPKM) policy implemented by the Yogyakarta Special Region Government on community mobility and the trend of COVID-19 cases from February 9, 2021, to March 23, 2021. Method: Method Exploratory DataAnalysis (EDA) is used to analyze and report the Micro PPKM policy’s impact on mobility and the trend of daily confirmation cases in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. The data used include data on daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 from the Health Office of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, trends in community mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic from the Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Report from February 9, 2021, to March 23, 2021. Result: Google COVID, The Community Mobile Report, shows that there is an 18% decrease in the mobility of the people of the Special Region of Yogyakarta for visits to retail and recreation, a 19% decrease in mobility in parks, a 31% decrease in mobility in public transportation centers, a 26% decrease in mobility at work, and an increase in 6% mobility in settlements. The trend of daily cases during the implementation of micro PPKM tends to be stable (<1%), with an average daily case of 0.6%. Through the results of observations of data from two different sources, explaining that the level of community mobility in the Special Region of Yogyakarta was lower when the Micro-scale Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM) was implemented. There was an emphasis on daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the Special Province of Yogyakarta. Conclusion: The micro PPKM policy is expected to be maintained in handling COVID-19 until cases can be controlled. At least the decrease in cases cannot be used as a supporting reference. Further analysis is needed to see the factors that influence the trend of daily confirmed cases in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. Tujuan: Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak kebijakan Pemberlakukan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat (PPKM) berskala mikro yang diterapkan oleh Pemerintah Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta terhadap mobilitas masyarakat dan tren kasus harian COVID-19 sejak 9 Februari 2021 hingga 23 Maret 2021. Metode: Metode Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) digunakan untuk menganalisis dan melaporkan dampak kebijakan PPKM Mikro yang diterapkan terhadap mobilitas masyarakat dan tren kasus konfirmasi harian di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Data yang digunakan antara lain data kasus konfirmasi harian COVID-19 dari Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, tren mobilitas masyarakat selama pandemi COVID-19 dari Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Report sejak tanggal 9 Februari 2021 hingga 23 Maret 2021. Hasil: Google COVID-19 Community Mobile Report menunjukkan bahwa terdapat penurunan 18% mobilitas masyarakat Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta untuk kunjungan ke retail dan rekreasi, penurunan 19% mobilitas di taman, penurunan 31% mobilitas di pusat transportasi umum, penurunan 26% mobilitas di tempat kerja, dan peningkatan 6% mobilitas di pemukiman. Tren kasus harian selama pelaksanaan PPKM mikro cenderung stabil (<1%) dengan rata-rata kasus harian sebesar 0,6%. Melalui hasil observasi terhadap data dari dua sumber yang berbeda, dapat dijelaskan bahwa tingkat mobilitas masyarakat di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta lebih rendah pada saat dilaksanakan Pemberlakukan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat (PPKM) skala mikro dan adanya penekanan kasus konfirmasi harian COVID-19 di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Kesimpulan: Pemberlakuan kebijakan PPKM mikro diharapkan dapat terus dipertahankan dalam penanganan COVID-19 hingga kasus dapat dikendalikan. Sedikitnya penurunan kasus tidak dapat dijadikan acuan pendukung, diperlukan analisis lanjutan untuk melihat faktor yang mempengaruhi tren kasus konfirmasi harian di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.
Child stunting and lack of chronic energy of pregnant women: specific nutritional intervention of 1000 HPK movement at Puskesmas Anita, Dewi Nur
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS7 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

The critical period for the growth and development of a child which is called the First 1000 Days of Life is influenced by the nutritional status of the mother during pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and during breastfeeding. Nutritional problems that can occur during this period are stunting (short). One of the programs included in the First 1000 Days of Life Movement (HPK) in an effort to prevent stunting is a specific nutritional intervention. In implementing the 1000 HPK program, there are several causes of stunting problems and lack of nutritional status in pregnant women, namely direct and indirect causes. Puskesmas has two problems that need to be resolved related to nutritional intake and health status with the success of the program, namely the provision of PMT. There are several factors that hamper the success of the program, including limited nutritionists, no guidelines and SPO on handling growth faltering, the planning process has not been carried out in a button up and not all specific nutrition interventions have recorded reporting. However, it is also a priority in the health center area to be able to reduce problems with indirect causes, including food security, social environment, health environment, and residential environment (Bappenas, 2018). Social support encourages mothers to get balanced nutrition during pregnancy. Inviting and involving pregnant women and their families to actively participate in managing the productive economy so that family income increases. In addition, the local government can increase the budget for nutritious feeding to pregnant women during ANC activities.
Evaluation of corona virus disease (COVID-19) surveillance system in Yogyakarta District, 2020 Fitriani, Bhekti
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS7 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Objective: Implementing a surveillance system is one of effort to monitor trends and contain outbreaks. This evaluation had been done for the first time to describe the performance of COVID-19 surveillance system in Yogyakarta District and provide recommendations. Method: This study type was a descriptive evaluation study. Surveillance data COVID-19 routinely collected from data managers since March 16 to September 20, 2020. The interview was conducted to 5 epidemiologists in Yogyakarta District of Health. The indicators of evaluation were simplicity, flexibility, completeness, acceptability, positive predictive value, representativeness, and timeliness. Results: A total of 18 PHCs, 7 COVID-19 referral hospitals, and 2 non-referral COVID-19 hospitals reported confirmed cases. A total of 333 confirmed cases were recorded during the evaluation. The median age of confirmed cases was 43 years (range: 2–84 years) of which 54% were male. The highest case was from Umbulharjo sub district namely 21% (70/333). Positive predictive value was 7.4% that was still above standard value of guidelines, namely <5%. The completeness of the data from the data manager was 90% (301/333). Average time between reports received by the health office and the date of laboratory confirmation results is 1 day (range: 0-8 days). The greatest strength of the system was acceptability and representativeness. Conclusions: The quality of COVID-19 surveillance data has not met the aspect of positive predictive value and completeness. Increased weekly specimen tests should be done and an investigation report could be a source of data to complete the data in the data manager.
Portrait of sexual violence in oil palm plantation Gustia Saputri, Suci
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS7 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Objective: This paper aims to examine sexual violence against female workers in oil palm plantations. Content: Sexual violence is all unwanted sexual behavior, both physical and psychological, which usually occurs in women. Sexual violence can occur because The strong patriarchal culture in Indonesia makes the perpetrators think that they are stronger and have high positions so that they can do anything to their subordinates, especially those who work in a female minority. In addition, a quiet place is also one of the causes of violence, such as plantations. Plantation areas are far from settlements and minimal lighting makes the perpetrators free to carry out their actions. Most of the victims are helpless because of economic pressure. Offenders in high positions seem to have full control over the economy and make victims surrender to the pressures and conditions they face, often even being threatened with losing their jobs. The perpetrators think that sexual issues are commonplace with workers who are or have been married. On the other hand, they seem to be seen as having no value other than body and sexuality. The workers' lack of knowledge about violence makes them unaware of being victims of violence even though verbally. This matter cause many losses such as career disruption, experiencing anxiety and depression.The still low reporting is because the victim does not know where to complain, if he reports to the superior he is afraid of not being responded to and there is no continuation, because the perpetrator is one of his superiors, and there is no legal protection for the victim. What is very unfortunate is that there are many “stealth workers'' because they are not registered at the Manpower Office. This should be a concern with cross-sector cooperation as an effort to improve worker welfare and safety.
Will the people of Ngawi be able to solve the stunting problem this year? Rismay Pratama, Della
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS7 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v0i0.1598

Abstract

Stunting in the middle to lower class population in Ngawi Regency only relies on agriculture as their main livelihood. Socio-economic conditions experienced by people living in Ngawi Regency affect the high stunting rate in Ngawi Regency. The majority of the people of Ngawi Regency live their livelihoods and only rely on agriculture, so the poverty rate is still high. Ngawi Regency must be able to look for other opportunities that can support improvements in the economic standard for the community. Families with low socioeconomic status will prioritize the need for foods that contain carbohydrates on the grounds of being full, regardless of the quality of food that supports growth (Priyanti and Syalfina, 2018). The ability of families to meet food needs, both in quantity and nutritional quality, dramatically influences the nutritional status of children. Families with relatively fixed incomes, an underweight prevalence, and a lower prevalence of shortness compared to families with irregular incomes (Ministry of Health, 2010). Mistakes in adopting healthy behavior will affect people's beliefs of the hereditary nature of short stature. This belief can cause parents of children and society at large into a passive attitude, namely only accepting the existing conditions; so they are forced to bear all the consequences of stunting until the child grows up. Whereas if there is no improvement within the 1000 days of the first life period, then the long-term impact will be attached to the child when he grows up because the damage during this critical period cannot be corrected after that period has passed. The belief that there is caused by a lack of messages of health promotion on the prevention of stunting risk that makes communities continue adhering to the social perception blame heredity as the cause of stunting (Liem et al.,2019) The nutritional status of children under five can influence the occurrence of stunting and is influenced by the social environment as indications of socio-economic disparities in society, the existence of differences in the location of residence (ecosystem environment) where they live and develop will produce different behavior. Situations like this can have consequences in patterns and widespread malnutrition problems that lead to stunting child-rearing and implications for the development and quality of life of children (Manongga, 2013). The community is also unable to deal with the environmental conditions in which they live because of the economic limitations they experience. Nutritionists must implement a sensitive nutrition intervention framework to address the problem of stunting. This intervention is carried out through various development activities outside the health sector and contributes to 70% of stunting interventions. To overcome the problem of stunting in socio-economic conditions, local governments can do it by looking for other opportunities that can improve the community’s economic level by increasing market-oriented agribusiness activities (quantity, quality, and continuity (Mangowal, 2013). Resolution of health problems in environmental factors then it can be done by providing and ensuring access to clean water through the PAMSIMAS program (Archda and Tumangger, 2019) Stunting pada penduduk kalangan menengah ke bawah di Kabupaten Ngawi yang hanya mengandalkan pertanian sebagai mata pencaharian utama. Kondisi sosial ekonomi yang dialami oleh masyarakat yang tinggal di Kabupaten Ngawi mempengaruhi tingginya angka stunting di Kabupaten Ngawi. Keluarga dengan sosial ekonomi rendah akan lebih mengutamakan kebutuhan pada makanan yang mengandung karbohidrat dengan alasan hanya supaya kenyang, tanpa melihat kualitas makanan yang menunjang pertumbuhan. Kesalahan dalam mengadopsi perilaku sehat akan akan memperngaruhi keyakinan masyarakat bahwa postur pendek merupakan keturunan. Keyakinan tersebut dapat menyebabkan orangtua anak maupun masyarakat secara luas ke dalam sikap pasif, yaitu hanya menerima kondisi yang ada. Kerangka intervensi gizi sensitif harus dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan stunting. Intervensi ini dilakukan melalui berbagai kegiatan pembangunan di luar sektor kesehatan dan berkontribusi pada 70% Intervensi stunting.
Access and reproductive health rights for women in West Papua, is it affordable? Yustina Tyas Kurniawati
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS7 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

According to the Indonesian Health Profile 2017 shows that the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) shows 305 per 100,000 live births. The coverage of health services K4 for pregnant women explains that West Papua has a percentage of 23.19% in 2017. This percentage is the smallest figure compared to other provinces1. Meanwhile, deliveries percentage at health facilities are still below the national average, which is only 55%. This below average percentage includes births attended by skilled birth attendants and family planning needs that have been met with modern contraceptive methods. In addition, only 56% of adult women and adolescents aged 15–49 years had family planning needs met with modern contraceptive methods in 2015, and one in four births without assistance from a skilled birth attendant. Lower levels of access for mothers and children in rural areas2. There are still many people in West Papua who live with a deficient economy. The Mother and Child program in West Papua should have run well, but it was hampered and not implemented for years (one of which was in the Puskesmas Mare District, Suswa). In addition, the lack of equality in the development of existing health service facilities makes access to quality health unequal. The hospital in Sorong has more resources than the village clinics. Access to health insurance and ASKES is also not as good as in Java, which should be obtained easily and quickly, but in West Papua it takes a long time to get a community health insurance (Jamkesmas) or health insurances (ASKES) card, even up to two years3. People who are non-Papuans but live in West Papua have easier access to health care than indigenous Papuans. This results in inequality and results in differences in socio-economic status in Papua where Papuans have been affected by this system. The transmigrants who have adequate education and skills dominate market economic growth and ignore Papuans, which makes Papuans feel the benefits and impacts on the economy sectors4. Several districts in West Papua are not yet have a hospital due to difficulties in acquiring land or customary rights for the establishment of hospitals5. These conditions make many indigenous Papuan mothers still do not know the importance of their health needs, especially their reproductive health. They surrender to the existing circumstances and limitations. To reduce and overcome this, any several things that can be done.
The correlation of mother's knowledge, mother's attitude, and low birth weight (LBW) with stunting in toddlers at Kulon Progo District, Yogyakarta Ghilari, Yampa Eksa Daidella
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS7 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Objective : This study explores public health issues regarding toddlers of age 0-59 months, the most parental education is high school with job as housewife to prove the correlation of mother`s knowledge, mother`s attitude, and LBW with stunting in toddlers at Kulon Progo District, Yogyakarta in 2019. Method : This type of research was observasional analytic used cross-sectional study. Respondents of this study were children aged 0-59 months where stunting cases were found, there are five subdistricts: Galur, Sentolo, Pengasih, Nanggulan, and Samigaluh with a sample of 729 respondents with total sampling. Data collecting used primary data obtained from questionnaire and secondary data collection from KMS and record data by primary health care in 2019. Analyze data used chi-square test for bivariate and logistic regression analyze for multivariate. Results : The prevalence of stunting among under-five age of children in Kulon Progo district was 37,59%. There was a significant association between mother`s knowledge with stunting (p= 0,000 ; RP= 2,009 ; CI 95%= 1,64-2,45). There was a significant association between mother`s attitude with stunting (p= 0,000 ; RP= 2,29 ; CI 95%= 1,84-2,84), LBW was not necessarily a stunting risk in this study (p= 0,066; RP= 1,25 ; CI 95%= 0,97-0,62). The most affected variable with stunting is mother’s ettitude (OR= 3,297). Conclusion : There was a significant correlation between mother`s knowledge, mother`s attitude with stunting in Kulon Progo district, Yogyakarta in 2019. Improving women's nutrition, child feeding practices and household sanitation to help reduce stunting.
Mental interference in orphanage children: public health literacy for children at orphanage Sintya Clara, Ayu
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS7 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v0i0.1601

Abstract

Mental health problems are prone to occur in adolescents who are orphaned and live in orphanages. Children / adolescents living in orphanages are at a higher risk of exposure to various emotional disorders, such as depression, anxiety and stress, as well as behavioral problems than children or adolescents who are raised in their own family. Although orphans get substitute parents (caregivers), different from the role of biological parents, children will be more open to people who are close and live with them. Because he lost his biological parents, he was taken to an orphanage by his family, then after that no one ever visited him, making the child feel abandoned. This condition will make children become closed, alone and make it difficult to adapt to their peer environment. Some children do not want to hang out / be friends with someone they think is strange, eventually the orphan is marginalized and gets bullying which can lead to depression and even suicide attempts.

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