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INDONESIA
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat
ISSN : 02151936     EISSN : 26148412     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/bkm.v37i2.2320
Core Subject : Health,
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM Public Health and Community Medicine) is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that deals with the fields of public health and public medicine. The topics of the article will be grouped according to the main message of the author. This focus covers areas and scope related to aspects of: - Epidemiology - Infectious diseases control - Clinical Epidemiology - Environmental Health - Occupational Health - Healthy City - Public Health and Primary Health Care - School of Health Promotion - Healthy lifestyles - Health promotion - Health and Social Behavior - Tobacco and smoking - Adolescent Health - Public Health Nutrition - Maternal and Child Health - Reproductive Health - Population Health - Health of Vulnerable People - Social Determinants of Health - Water, Sanitation and Hygiene - Human Resource Management
Articles 1,528 Documents
Effectiveness of various health education media on behavior changes of Indonesian teenagers: Literature Review Halim, Elwina Meylentia
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Objective: Although the use of media in health education and counseling has been widely studied in Indonesia, most of them are limited to its effect on knowledge and attitude changes. Knowledge and attitude variables alone are not enough to improve the quality of health, particularly in the adolescent population. Aside from the limited number of studies examining the influence of media on behavior changes, a literature review that discusses various types of media comprehensively is also needed to design an evidence-based health education and promotion program for adolescents. Therefore, this literature review aims to compare the effect of various health education media on the behavior changes of adolescents in Indonesia. Method: A literature search was carried out systematically with related keywords through an electronic database limited to the year 2015-2020 in Indonesia. Effectiveness was analyzed by seeing the p-value, as well as comparing results between before and after the intervention, as well as between intervention groups. Results: Booklets were proven to be effective, while leaflets were less effective compared to video or audiovisual media. The use of more than one type of media (multimedia) can increase the effectiveness of health education. Conclusions: Policymakers and health actors should consider the type of media carefully when designing health promotion and education programs for adolescents. Media with comprehensive information content that involves more than one type of sense is more effective to encourage health behavior changes among adolescents in Indonesia. Keywords: health education; media; adolescent; behavior
Family planning programs improvement in the COVID-19 pandemic Kusuma Wardani, Indah
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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This research aims to describe how the family planning program works during the COVID-19 pandemic and provide recommendations to strengthen policies for future program services. The family planning program delivers face-to-face socialization, counseling, and contraceptive services. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the program becomes difficult to access. In Yogyakarta province, Indonesia, the number of participants declined from 370,761 to 370,447 in the early days of the pandemic. The government anticipates increasing pregnancy and birth rates by controlling and increasing the supply of contraceptives and making online approaches and modifications to the public. In the Pacific Island countries, the government provides family planning training for health workers, telemedicine, counseling on the benefits of long-term contraceptive methods, and other essential health services. In Yogyakarta province, Indonesia, the family planning program innovates ball pick-up services and distributes contraceptives directly to the family planning participants per health protocols. Recommendations to keep the family planning program running during the pandemic are: to innovate, support, and facilitate equitable and comprehensive family planning services, utilize routine family planning program data to develop strategies to strengthen program implementation in reaching family planning acceptors and increase cadres and community leaders involvement for areas with difficulty in accessing the services. Objective: Mendeskripsikan program KB selama pandemi covid-19 dan memberikan rekomendasi penguat kebijakan pelayanan program di masa mendatang. Content: Dampak covid-19 di Indonesia sangatlah berpengaruh pada sektor kessehatan, salah satunya adalah pelaksanaan program KB. Pelaksanaan program KB yang umumnya kegiatan sosialisasi, penyuluhan dan pemberian pelayanan kontrasepsi dilakukan dengan tatap muka, tetapi terkendala akibat pandemi. Penurunan akses pelaksanaan program KB mengakibatkan penurunan jumlah kepesertaan KB dan pengguna kontrasepsi yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan. Jumlah peserta KB aktif di DIY mengalami penurunan pada masa awal pandemi covid-19 dari 370.761 menjadi 370.447 peserta. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah untuk mengantisipasi peningkatan angka kehamilan dan kelahiran selama pandemi yaitu melakukan pengontrolan dan peningkatan pasokan alat kontrasepsi di setiap wilayah Indonesia, melakukan pendekatan dan modifikasi via online sebagai sarana media informasi kepada masyarakat. Sedangkan di Negara lain, seperti Negara kepulauan pasifik upaya yang dilakukan yaitu pelatihan KB bagi tenaga kesehatan, penggunaan telemedicine sebagai media konsultasi, meningkatkan konseling keuntungan MKJP dan pemberian pelayanan kesehatan essensial selama pandemic. Di DIY program keluarga berencana tetap dilakukan dengan inovasi pelayanan jemput bola dan membagikan alat kontrasepsi langsung ke rumah-rumah peserta KB sesuai dengan protokol kesehatan. Rekomendasi agar program KB tetap berjalan selama pandemi yaitu melakukan berbagai trobosan inovasi dalam pelayanan KB, memberikan layanan KB gratis selama pandemi, melakukan pemanfaatan data rutin program KB untuk menyusun strategi penguatan implementasi program dalam menjangkau akseptor KB, adanya dukungan dalam memfasilitasi pelayanan KB yang lengkap secara merata dan peningkatan keterlibatan kader dan tokoh masyarakat bagi daerah yang belum memiliki kemudahan akses pelayanan.
Increased gender-based violence during the COVID-19 pandemic Sakinah, Luthfiatus
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Objective: This paper describes the high number of gender-based violence (KBG) cases during the Covid-19 pandemic and its handling efforts based on a literature review. KBG against women is any act that causes or has the potential to cause physical, sexual, and psychological suffering to women (UN WOMEN, 2020). Many cases of gender-based violence occur in domestic violence (kekerasan di dalam rumah tangga), especially among women. According to WHO data (2018), about 1 in 3 (35%) women worldwide have experienced violence. Globally, 243 million women aged 15-49 have experienced physical and sexual violence by a partner during the pandemic. Cases of violence against women in 2020 in Indonesia reached 50% in the household. The most common forms of violence are physical 31%, sexual violence 30%, psychological violence 28%, and economic violence 10%. Cases of cyber ​​gender-based violence (KBGS) increased by 92% in 2020 compared to 2019. However, overall, victims of violence in 2020 decreased by 31.5% compared to 2019 (CATAHU, 2020). This does not mean that violence cases against women have fallen but are influenced by victims being near perpetrators during the pandemic. Victims complain to their families or remain silent; technological literacy issues and online complaint service models are not yet ready (Bappenas, 2020). Efforts to prevent KBG are an adequate online complaint service and its follow-up services. Conclusion: Gender-based violence needs attention, especially cyber gender-based violence, which has increased during the pandemic.
Overview of the COIVD-19 vaccination acceleration policy in Yogyakarta Retnani, Anandi Iedha
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Objective: To describe the Acceleration Policy of Covid-19 Vaccination in Yogyakarta. Method: quantitative description. The sample in this study were people who received the Covid-19 Vaccination at Health Facilities and Vaccination Centers of Yogyakarta in January – October 2021 per target group. The sample in this study was people who received the Covid-19 Vaccination at Health Facilities and Vaccination Centers in Yogyakarta City in January – October 2021 per target group. Results: From the targets by the Ministry of Health. The target of Health Workers who received dose 1 vaccine were 150.13%; dose 2 were 144.04% and dose 3 were 94.99%. The target of public servants who received vaccine dose 1 were 622.92% and dose 2 were 572.21%. The target of the elderly who received vaccine dose 1 were 112.78% and dose 2 were 100.45%. The target of the general public and vulnerable communities who received the vaccine dose 1 were 157.28% and dose 2 were 127.86%. Target teenagers who received dose 1 vaccine were 133.45% and dose 2 were 95.67%. For the target of pregnant women and disabilities, the Ministry of Health does not set a target. The achievements of Covid-19 vaccinations for pregnant women in doses 1 and 2 are 302 and 236. The achievements of Covid-19 vaccinations for disabilities in doses 1 and 2 are 755 and 554. Conclusion: The achievement of Covid-19 vaccination in Yogyakarta is already high and is expected to overcome the Covid-19 Pandemic in Yogyakarta.
The role of the father's class in the prevention of pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency : Lessons learned from Ngemplak-1 Health Center Hassanah, Aprilya
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Objective: Chronic energy deficiency is a state of a person's nutritional status is in an unfavorable condition. Pregnant women who have arm circumference >23.5 cm are considered to have poor nutritional status and experience chronic energy deficiency. The role of fathers in supporting the preparation of pregnant women until delivery is very much needed. It is hoped that this can reduce the incidence of pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency. Content: One of the causes of pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency is the lack of support from the community, especially the family, specifically husband. In this case, the father's participation in supporting the mother's pregnancy is very needed. Husband's support plays an important role in determining the health status of the mother during pregnancy because a husband not just meet the need financially but pregnant women also need psychological and biological support with the result that the mother is expected to be emotionally stable during pregnancy, Nutritional needs during pregnancy are considered and fulfilled, be a standby husband when women needs. To support the role of the father during pregnancy and prepare for the birth of the mother is to by making “father class”. Procurement of "father class" is one of the innovations carried out at the Ngemplak 1 Health Center. This program also needs support from community leaders, one of which is the village. Cross-sectoral collaboration between puskesmas and villages can reduce the burden on puskesmas so that program implementation can be maximized. Implementation can be done at the village level and as one of the village programs and the health center becomes the resource person.
Descriptive analysis of COVID-19 in Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province (March 2020-October 2021) Damanik, Brema J.K.
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Objective: The study is to provide a descriptive analysis Covid-19 in Manokwari Regency in March 2020 until October 2021. Method: Analysis in the study uses secondary data from Manokwari Health Office “Pelaporan Daftar Kasus Terkonfirmasi Covid-19 di Kabupaten Manokwari 2020-2021”. The study uses univariate analysis which aims to describe the description of Covid-19 cases in Manokwari Regency in 2020-2021. Results: The study found Covid19 case in Manokwari Regency was 8.709 case. With the distribution of cases in West Manokwari district (49,30%), South Manokwari district (22,79%), Masni district (11,78%), Prafi district (4,34%), outside the area Manokwari (4,30%) East Manokwari district (4,10%), Sidey district (1,70%), Warmare district (1,50%), North Manokwari district (0,11%), and Tanah Rubuh district (0,03%). The cases recovered (99,03%) cases died (0,83%) and cases under treatment (0,12%). There was no significant difference by sex. The adult group (26-45 years) is the most positive Covid-19 (47,73%), teenager group (12-25 years) was 23,44%, elderly group (>45 years) was 20,83%,child (6-11 years) was 4,46% and child under five years old was 3,51 %. Conclusions: The recovery rate for Covid-19 cases in Manokwari Regency is good. Where the case of the spread of Covid-19 in center of the capital of Manokwari (West Manokwari district). There is no difference in Covid-19 cases by sex. The adult grup and teenager group are the most affected by Covid-19. Futher research can be done to see the relationship of risk factors to Covid-19 in Manokwari Regency.
Puskesmas head's role in mobilizing across sectors in handling stunting problems during the pandemic in Puskesmas Mlati II working area Aim, Markus; Radifan, Muhamad Almas; Setyaningrum, Veronika Evita; Hasanbasri, Mubasysyir
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Objective: This study examined the puskesmas (public health center) head's role in mobilizing across sectors in handling the stunting problem, especially in the community working area of ​​the Puskesmas Mlati II. Contents: The head of the puskesmas is a manager and a leader in coordinating every activity carried out at the puskesmas, including handling stunting problems. As much as 70% of the factors for stunting are outside the health sector. Some institutions have budgets that are top-down but not communicated to other cross-sectors. In addition, at the sub-district level, someone has to take on the role of a stunting program manager who can map the problem and then divide tasks into implementation. It requires the expertise of a head of the puskesmas to explain to parties outside of health to be willing and able to play a role in handling stunting in the community. The advocacy ability of a puskesmas head determines the success of the program carried out. Personal closeness is usually more successful in transferring knowledge and fostering a willingness to be involved in problem-solving. Advocacy of social networking integration & mobilization, interpersonal communication, negotiation, and media use to generate public pressure. Therefore, there is a need for a new way of using advocacy communication strategies to deal with the stunting problem, especially during the pandemic. Evaluating and monitoring activities reported at cross-sectoral meetings every three months led by the sub-district head accompanied by the head of the puskesmas to the synergy of stunting prevention activities and programs can be directed with more explicit goals. In addition, advocacy can also be carried out together with local village heads by creating awareness and concern for stunting, such as forming an alliance or the First 1000 Days of Life (HPK) movement for its citizens and others. Tujuan: Penelitian ini mengkaji peran kepala puskesmas dalam menggerakkan lintas sektor untuk menangani masalah stunting, khususnya pada masyarakat di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mlati II. Isi: Kepala puskesmas merupakan manajer sekaligus leader yang berperan dalam mengkoordinir setiap kegiatan yang dilakukan di Puskesmas, termasuk dalam menangani masalah stunting. Sebesar 70% faktor terjadinya stunting justru adalah di luar sektor kesehatan. Beberapa institusi telah memiliki anggaran yang sifatnya top down, namun tidak dikomunikasikan dengan lintas sektor yang lain. Selain itu, di tingkat kecamatan juga harus ada yang mau mengambil peran sebagai manajer program stunting, karena program tersebut dalam pelaksanaan di lapangan masih terfragmentasi. Oleh karenanya perlu seorang manajer program yang memahami peta masalah dan kemudian membagi tugas agar tidak tumpang tindih dalam pelaksanaan di lapangan, sehingga sasaran bisa mendapatkan manfaat yang optimal. Hal ini tentunya membutuhkan keahlian dari seorang kepala puskesmas untuk dapat menjelaskan kepada pihak di luar kesehatan untuk mau dan mampu berperan dalam penanganan stunting di masyarakat. Kemampuan advokasi seorang kepala puskesmas menentukan keberhasilan program yang dilakukan. Kedekatan secara personal biasanya lebih banyak berhasil dalam transfer pengetahuan yang pada akhirnya mampu menumbuhkan kemauan untuk terlibat dalam penyelesaian masalah. Advokasi penggabungan jejaring sosial & mobilisasi, komunikasi interpersonal, negosiasi, serta penggunaan media untuk menghasilkan tekanan publik. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya cara baru dalam menggunakan strategi komunikasi advokasi untuk menangani masalah stunting, terlebih di masa pandemi. Ini bisa dilakukan dimulai dari proses evaluasi dan monitoring kegiatan yang telah dilaporkan pada pertemuan lintas sektor setiap 3 bulan yang dipimpin oleh camat dengan didampingi kepala puskesmas, sehingga adanya sinergi kegiatan dan program penanggulangan stunting yang bisa diarahkan dengan tujuan yang lebih jelas. Selain itu advokasi juga bisa dilakukan bersama-sama dengan kepala desa setempat dengan menciptakan awareness dan kepedulian terhadap stunting, misalnya dibentuk aliansi atau gerakan 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK) pada warganya, dan lainnya.
Obstetric telemedicine during COVID-19 pandemic: Experience from teman ibu telemedicine for strengthening antenatal care Brian Sahar Afifah; Dyah Krisnawati Satia Pratiwi
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Objective: This paper explores midwives’role in developing yoga and pregnancy online class in the context of making pregnancy safer during COVID-19 pandemic, where obstetric telemedicine is more accessible as compared to face to face antenatal care. Content: Almost all over the world, antenatal care is restricted during COVID-19 pandemic, this risk delaying the progress of overcoming the danger signs of pregnancy which can lead to maternal mortality. In Indonesia, 90% of independent practice midwife services are closed and the coverage of K4 midwifery services antenatal care services for pregnant women 4 times during pregnancy continues to decline. Midwives’ have a strategic role in strengthening midwifery services through obstetric telemedicine, remote midwifery services from health facilities through audio and video. The services provided include antenatal care, classes for pregnant women including communication, information and education (KIE) on healthy lifestyles, as well as KIE COVID-19, and prenatal gentle yoga online, so as to provide safe, effective services, and minimize the risk of COVID-19 transmission. Within a year of the pandemic, temaniibu telemedicine provided service approximately 1,064 pregnant women from various regions in Indonesia through the Zoom meeting application. Technical barriers were found from users such as unstable internet signals, internal obstacles is such as unaccustomed in using electronic medical records, and the lack of insurance service providers that cover obstetric telemedicine services. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an Electronic Medica Record (EMR) and sustainable technology, in collaboration with donor and academia. Furthermore, the future of obstetric telemedicine can be used to strengthen health services during pandemic, since it reduces transportation usage to reach obstetric services, reduce waiting time for obstetric patients, and reduce the risk of maternal complications and newborn emergencies.
Identifying characteristics and causes of women injuries in Sleman: 2016-2019 HDSS data Pidada, Ida Bagus Gede Surya Putra; Priyambodo, Dewanto Yusuf; Noormaningrum, Budiatri Retno
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 37 No 02 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v37i2.3289

Abstract

Purpose: To describe the demographic characteristics, injury characteristics, and factors causing injury, as well as the relationship between demographic characteristics and injury characteristics, and between demographic characteristics and factors causing injury to women in Sleman Regency. Methods: This research is an observational analytic study using data from 1027 respondents of HDSS Sleman with a cross-sectional design. Results: Most of the subjects were over 46 years old (52.4%), married (54.9%), the last education was senior high school (SLTA) or equivalent (34.7%), homemakers (24.4% ), and live in urban areas (80.7%). The most common injuries were minor injuries (66.8%), with the location of the incident on the highway (47.5%). All injuries were unintentional, with the most being motorcycle accidents (28.8%). Analysis of age and location of residence with injury characteristics showed a statistically significant relationship (p=0.000). The test results of all demographic characteristics with factors causing injury did not establish a statistically significant relationship. Conclusion: Demographic characteristics of injured women in Sleman are mostly over 46 years old (52.4%), married (54.9%), have high school education or equivalent (34.7%), working as housewives ( 24.4%), and live in urban areas (80.7%). Most of the locations where the injury occurred were on the highway (47.5%). Characteristics of the most frequent injuries were minor injuries (66.8%), and the most common factor causing unintentional injuries was motorcycle land transportation accidents (28.8%). There is a relationship between the characteristics of the age and location of women in Sleman with the injury category. There is no relationship between all demographic characteristics of women in Sleman with factors causing injury.
Effection gender on access contraception eligible women in region coastal Muslim Medan Area Nanda, Meutia; Damanik, Nurliana; Nissa, Nur Ifani Chairun
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 37 No 12 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v37i12.3290

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to determine the influence of gender on access to contraception among women of childbearing age in the coastal slums of Medan City using multilevel spatial analysis. Methods: The study utilized a modified version of the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey questionnaire, incorporating variables related to paternalistic gender influence. 600 respondents were involved, including 255 married men, 255 women, and 90 ward heads. Spatial analysis was conducted on the respondents' locations within the slums of Medan City. Data from the questionnaires were analyzed using the Chi-square test and multilevel linear regression, with a significance level of 0.000 < 0.005. Results: The findings indicate that gender significantly influences access to contraception among women of childbearing age in the coastal slums of Medan City. The analysis revealed that paternalistic gender norms and practices hinder women's access to family planning services. The difficult access to health service facilities and high transportation costs exacerbate this issue, leading to low community participation in family planning programs. Conclusion: Gender plays a crucial role in access to contraception in the coastal slums of Medan City. Efforts to improve family planning participation must address gender norms and provide more accessible and affordable contraceptive services.

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