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INDONESIA
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 02151936     EISSN : 26148412     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/bkm.v37i2.2320
Core Subject : Health,
Nursing Public Health
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM Public Health and Community Medicine) is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that deals with the fields of public health and public medicine. The topics of the article will be grouped according to the main message of the author. This focus covers areas and scope related to aspects of: - Epidemiology - Infectious diseases control - Clinical Epidemiology - Environmental Health - Occupational Health - Healthy City - Public Health and Primary Health Care - School of Health Promotion - Healthy lifestyles - Health promotion - Health and Social Behavior - Tobacco and smoking - Adolescent Health - Public Health Nutrition - Maternal and Child Health - Reproductive Health - Population Health - Health of Vulnerable People - Social Determinants of Health - Water, Sanitation and Hygiene - Human Resource Management
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 1,528 Documents
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Papua prevents stunting: Infant and child feeding training (PMBA) for cadres as an effort of nutrition education to mothers who have never attended school Manossoh, Sindy Ameida Penina
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Objective: This study examines the ability of cadres to approach to provide education to mothers who never attended school either in the form of information delivery and demonstration of infant and child feeding. Content: Stunting is one of the health issues that is an important concern for the government because it concerns the nutritional problems of toddlers which are the highest at this time, in early 2021, the Indonesian government is targeting the Stunting rate to drop to 14% in 2024. In Papua, Stunting included in the top three health issues with a number 30% in 2020, where this figure is still very far from the target for reducing Stunting Nationally. Prevention efforts are hampered by the lack of health cadres, besides the lack of knowledge and ability to carry and distribute information from cadres to parents about how to properly feed children, especially to mothers who have never been to school about Stunting is also one of the contributing factors. Based on the explanation of the problem, this is the reason why Stunting in Papua requires treatment and prevention as soon as possible. As one of the efforts to prevent stunting, especially for mothers who have never attended school and do not have knowledge of good and correct feeding practices to children according to age, the Infant and Child Feeding Training (PMBA)’s held for cadres. PMBA is an effort to prevent Stunting that is intended to provide cadres with knowledge, skills and tools that support mothers in improving optimal feeding practices for their babies and children.
Android based mobile growth app “AmiGrow” to support early diagnosis of stunting and growth delays of toddlers Ngaisyah, Dewi; Hiswati, Marselina Endah; Mindarsih, Eko; Lestari, Nia Rizqi
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Objective The prevalence of stunting toddlers in Indonesia is still in high rate at 27.6%, the largest prevalence compared to other nutritional problems. Moreover, stunting problems can have a direct impact on growth delays. One of the efforts to control these issues is monitoring toddler’s growth and progress, so the expert can do early diagnosis if stunting and growth delays are found. Utilization of android-based mobile growth application (AmiGrow) is an application that supports early diagnosis of stunting and growth delays of toddlers. Method: AmiGrow mobile application is developed with user-centered design (UCD) method using 8th Java development kit, android studio, visual studio code, and flutter framework Result: the app has run according to its function, with well received responses (35.6%) and very good responses (64.4%) by toddler’s mothers. Conclusion: mobile growth AmiGrow app is useful for supporting early diagnosis of stunting and developmental delays for toddlers in digital way.
Communication, education and information about coronavirus disease (COVID-19) online through the Whatsapp group network Azmiyannoor, Muhammad
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine changes in respondents' knowledge regarding Covid-19 before and after being given communication, information, and education. Method: This study uses a pre-experimental design with the type of one-group pre-post test design. The target of this activity is the general public who are willing to take part in educational activities and join Whatsapp groups created by volunteers from students of the Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Lambung Mangkurat University. The number of participants in the activity was 1,622 people who were divided into 54 Whatsapp groups. Participants of the activity received intervention related to efforts to prevent Covid-19. The data were analyzed statistically with a p-value of 0.05. Results: The results of the analytical knowledge test on prevention, transmission, early detection, symptoms, and status of Covid-19 patients before and after counseling were as follows: p-value = 0.227, 0.109, 0.000, 0.000, and 0.000. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in knowledge about the prevention and transmission of Covid-19 before and after counseling. However, there are significant differences in knowledge about early detection, symptoms, and status of Covid-19 patients before and after counseling.
Providing educational videos and posters for COVID-19 self-isolating patients at home in the telemedicine program of the National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure (BNPB) Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) Ananda, Vidya; Muchti, Firmansyah Aditya; Widyatama, Rendra
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Objective: COVID-19 in Indonesia spawned a second wave in June-August 2021 and packed the hospitals, making the COVID-19 patients with mild or no symptoms have to self-isolate at home. However, the patient's condition often changed rapidly and worsened, so regular monitoring was needed to prevent death during self-isolating. The BNPB DIY Health Care Task Force formed a Telemedicine Team to monitor patients online with detailed information on doing self-isolation safely at home. Its Media Team created educational videos and posters as effective educational media. Contents: The Media Team consisted of presenters, scriptwriters, videographers, and graphic designers. It determined the topic of the content of the video messages and posters based on what information is needed and must-known by the patient during self-isolation. After that, the coordinator and manuscript writer collected evidence-based data and relevant regulations. The information included the emergency signs during self-isolating and medicines needed to prepare. It also had information on how to measure body temperature and oxygen levels using an oximeter, use a blood pressure meter, do prone position if short of breath, sunbathe, and tips on training the sense of smell in patients with anosmia. As a volunteer for the BNPB DIY Health Care Task Force Thickening to patients who were self-isolating at home, the doctor conveyed all the information compiled. The duration of the video was 1-5 minutes, equipped with supporting footage. The video results were uploaded through the BNPB DIY Task Force's Instagram and Youtube accounts and also shared through Whatsapp so that self-isolating patients could easily access and download them. Information also visualized the material in the form of posters. From the evaluation, the patient felt helped and understood all the information in the message and could practice it easily. Tujuan: Covid-19 di Indonesia telah memunculkan gelombang kedua pada Juni-Agustus 2021 dan menyebabkan rumah sakit penuh. Keadaan tersebut membuat pasien Covid-19 bergejala ringan atau tanpa gejala harus melakukan isolasi mandiri (isoman) di rumah. Namun, kondisi pasien kerap berubah cepat mengalami perburukan, sehingga perlu dipantau secara berkala guna mencegah kematian saat isoman. Situasi tersebut mendorong Satgas Penebalan Nakes PNPB DIY membentuk Tim Telemedicine untuk memantau pasien secara daring berupa informasi detail bagaimana melakukan sioman dengan aman di rumah, serta membuat media edukasi terkait Covid-19. Untuk keperluan tersebut, Tim Media membuat video edukasi dan poster sebagai media edukasi yang efektif. Isi: Tim Media terdiri dari pemateri, penulis naskah, videographer dan desain grafis. Tim Media menentukan topik isi pesan video dan poster berdasarkan informasi apa saja yang diperlukan dan wajib diketahui pasien selama isoman. Setelah pemilihan topik, kordinator dan penulis naskah mengumpulkan informasi berdasarkan bukti ilmiah (evidence based) dan dengan mendasarkan diri pada berbagai peraturan yang relevan. Informasi yang dikumpulkan meliputi apa saja tanda kegawatan saat isoman, obat-obat apa yang harus disiapkan, bagaimana cara mengukur kadar oksigen menggunakan oksimeter dengan benar, bagaimana menggunakan tensi meter, bagaimana mengukur suhu tubuh dengan baik, cara melakukan prone position jika sesak napas, bagaimana cara berjemur, sampai tips melatih indera penciuman pada pasien yang mengalami anosmia. Semua informasi yang disusun disampaikan dokter sebagai relawan Satgas Penebalan Nakes BNPB DIY kepada pasien yang melakukan isoman di rumah. Durasi video relatif singkat yaitu 1-5 menit, dilengkapi footage yang mendukung. Hasil video diunggah melalui akun Instagram dan Youtube Satgas BNPB DIY agar dapat diakses pasien isoman dengan mudah, termasuk didownload oleh pemantau guna dikirimkan untuk pasien isoman melalui aplikasi Whatsapp. Materi video juga divisulisasikan dalam bentuk poster. Dari evaluasi yang dilakukan, pasien merasa terbantu dan mengerti informasi semua isi pesan serta dapat mempraktekkannya dengan mudah.
Challenges and facilitating factors in handling domestic medical waste during the COVID-19 pandemic Syafriani; Sutena, Marthinus; Padmawati, Retna Siwi; Hasanbasri, Mubasysyir
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Objective: To describe the challenges and facilitating factors in handling domestic medical waste during the COVID-19 pandemic based on our community empowerment program in Dusun Ngrombo I, Karangmojo Village, Gunungkidul District, DIY. Content: During the Covid-19 pandemic, medical waste increased in the community, especially for families who were self-isolating at home. In our preliminary study, the community processes waste by burning, burying and throwing it into the environment. Expired medicines are even used as a mixture of plant fertilizers and animal feed. Public literacy about medical waste management is still limited. The local government has not provided medical waste facilities in public spaces. Waste management is not optimal due to the lack of coordination between the relevant government agencies. Furthermore, there has been limited effort from the local primary health care service (puskesmas) to solve medical waste problems. Limited human resources, budgets and different perspectives on regulations cause the puskesmas to resist in responding to these problems. Medical Waste Bank Program is a community waste collection system that manages household medical waste through local waste bank activities. Generally, the Waste Banks (Bank Sampah) in Indonesia only process domestic waste, this program innovates by providing community medical waste services that are needed, especially during this pandemic. Waste bank staff will process the waste that has been collected in the waste bank, then handed over to a third party (private company) through the puskesmas. This can help the puskesmas to reach medical waste in their working areas and also to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases in the community. Conclusion: The waste bank can become a movement to manage community medical waste. Each sector needs to work together in promoting health, providing adequate waste facilities, increasing human resource capacity, as well as monitoring and assisting in managing domestic medical waste.
Monitor and evaluation of food management for COVID-19 patients at the central isolation shelter in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Amalliyah, Puji; Rahmawati, Vista Ari; Arjuna, Tony
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 outbreak hit the world starting at the end of 2019 and spread to Indonesia in the first quarter of 2020. As of early November 2021, the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU) COVID-19 Data and Our World In Data showed 4.25 million cases with 143 thousand deaths in Indonesia. When the number of COVID-19 cases was very high, the Indonesian government gave instructions to establish centralized isolation shelters in each area by utilizing hajj dormitory facilities, village halls, and government buildings. The Tagana Public Kitchen was responsible for patient and shelter staff food management in Sleman Regency under the Social Service supervision. Content: The Tagana Public Kitchen Sleman served food needs for patients and staff at three centralized isolation shelters in Sleman. The isolation shelters were Yogyakarta Hajj Dormitory (Sinduadi), Rusunawa Gemawang (Sinduadi), and Universitas Islam Indonesia (UII) shelter (Umbulmartani). Interviews with kitchen managers found no significant obstacles in providing food for patients in isolation shelters. However, after being observed, the current state of the Tagana Sleman Public Kitchen was not yet standardized, especially in the layout of the kitchen, completeness of facilities, and sanitation hygiene. These were very important to improve because the consumers served were Covid-19 patients. Although the patient had quite good satisfaction with food management, as shown in the survey result, there were still suggestions for improving food variety and temperature. The challenge of improving this standard was budget. Based on the current menu analysis results, the diet provided had not met the patient's nutritional needs because they should follow the TKTP (High-Calorie High Protein) diet of 2200-2400 kcal. In budget calculations, if the menu is improved and follows the diet, the current budget of IDR 15,000/per person/per meal is not sufficient. Likewise, repairing kitchen facilities will undoubtedly require more funds. Latar belakang: Wabah COVID-19 telah melanda dunia mulai akhir tahun 2019 dan mulai menyebar ke Indonesia di triwulan pertama tahun 2020. Terhitung sampai awal November 2021 berdasarkan data dari JHU CSSE COVID-19 Data dan Our World In Data, jumlah kasus di Indonesia tercatat 4,25 juta dengan 143 ribu meninggal dunia. Pada saat jumlah kasus COVID-19 sangat tinggi, Pemerintah Indonesia memberikan instruksi untuk membentuk shelter isolasi terpusat di masing-masing daerah dengan memanfaatkan fasilitas asrama haji, balai desa, gedung pemerintah, dan sebagainya. Pelayanan makanan untuk pasien dan petugas shelter di Kabupaten Sleman dikelola oleh Dapur Umum Tagana yang berada dalam pengawasan Dinas Sosial. Konten: Dapur Umum Tagana Sleman berada di Tridadi, Sleman. Setiap harinya saat ini melayani kebutuhan makan untuk pasien dan petugas di 3 shelter isolasi terpusat (isoter) Sleman. Isoter tersebut adalah Asrama Haji Yogyakarta (Sinduadi), Rusunawa Gemawang (Sinduadi), dan shelter UII (Umbulmartani). Wawancara dengan pengelola dapur, tidak ditemukan kendala yang berarti selama penyelenggaraan makanan untuk pasien di isoter. Namun setelah diobservasi, keadaan Dapur Umum Tagana Sleman saat ini belum terstandar terutama tata letak dapur, kelengkapan fasilitas, dan higine sanitasi. Hal tersebut tentu sangat penting untuk diperbaiki karena konsumen yang dilayani adalah pasien Covid-19 yang notabennya sangat butuh perlakuan khusus. Walaupun dari hasil survei kepuasan pasien terhadap pelayanan makanan ditemukan hasil yang cukup baik, tetapi masih ada masukan untuk perbaikan variasi makanan dan suhu makanan. Tantangan dari perbaikan standar ini adalah anggaran. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan menu saat ini, kebutuhan gizi pasien belum terpenuhi karena seharusnya mengikuti diet TKTP (Tinggi Kalori Tinggi protein) 2200-2400 kkal. Dalam perhitungan anggaran jika menu diperbaiki dan sesuai dengan diet maka anggaran Rp15.000,-/per orang/per sekali makan saat ini tidak mencukupi. Begitu juga dengan perbaikan fasilitas dapur tentunya akan membutuhkan dana lebih.
Demographic representativeness of Twitter data: Is it valid for public health surveillance? Maula, Ahmad Watsiq
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Objective: Twitter data were frequently used for public health purposes such as surveillance. Compared to traditional data sources, Twitter data benefits are less expensive, could support Spatio-temporal analysis, track population health outcomes and outbreaks, track health behavior and attitude, and collect real-time data. However, in surveillance, three basic information of person, place, and time should be available for analysis. Twitter, in this case, could provide the place and time data, but many arguments doubted the availability of the "person" data and demographic representativeness of the data. Content: The missing information on gender, age, and lack of socioeconomic status in Twitter data are the main reasons for skepticism in Twitter data as a surveillance tool. The advanced methods in machine learning and artificial intelligence could answer the skepticism. The M3 model (multimodal, multilingual, and multi-attribute), combining profile image, username, screen name, and biography of Twitter users to predict gender, showed 91.8% accuracy to predict gender. The language detection method, which detects words in Twitter posts using lexicon from the World Well-Being Project (WWBP), combined with metadata such as number of followers, number of friends, and tweeting frequency, results in 74% accuracy in predict age groups. Twitter users' social network analysis method found that users tend to have homophilic behavior when selecting friends. Combining the social network analysis, other data (language analysis and user profile), and machine learning method could predict the occupational class (accuracy of 52%) and income information of users. Twitter, as a big data source, has potentials for health and diseases surveillance. As long as the demographic profiles of Twitter data are reported, it will be valid for surveillance purposes. Furthermore, the growth of advanced methods in artificial intelligence possibly diminishes current skepticism in the usability of Twitter for surveillance and other public health activities.
Laksa Gurih web application in strengthening surveillance and assistance for malnourished children in Tangerang City Amir, Chindy; Fitri, Yuni Pradilla; Arjuna, Tony
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Objective: e-Laksa Gurih is present as an innovation of the Tangerang City Health Office in reducing malnutrition rates. This application innovation is related to strengthening the mentoring and surveillance of malnutrition in the City of Tangerang. Content: Laksa Gurih is a program to overcome malnutrition in the City of Tangerang. The Tangerang City Health Office developed the book into a web-based application starting as a pocketbook for Laksa Gurih cadres. The Health Office cooperated with the Tangerang City Communications and Information Office to make applications targetting the Health Office, nutritionists at the puskesmas, and cadres to accompany malnourished children in Tangerang City. It has been introduced to cadres through a training program for managing malnutrition at the Health Office. Its web application contains a dashboard for the development of malnutrition data, daily data entry for malnourished children, cohort reports, and readable and downloadable reference guidebooks. One companion cadre accompanies one malnourished child. They make home visits to toddlers every day and record the results of these visits into the e-Laksa Gurih application, which are weight, height, upper arm circumference, children's eating diaries, children's activities, other children's activities, and children's conditions. The cadres are very enthusiastic about the application because it makes it easier for them to assist and record during monitoring of malnourished children. The advantages are that monitoring and condition of malnourished children are known faster, more accurately, and more precisely. Health center nutritionists and the Tangerang City Health Office no longer wait for the end of the month to get data on malnourished children to take the next step quickly. The drawback of this application is that access to Laksa Gurih via cellphone is still too complicated, so further development is needed. Objective: e-Laksa Gurih hadir sebagai inovasi Dinas Kesehatan Kota Tangerang dalam menurunkan angka gizi buruk. Inovasi aplikasi ini berkaitan dengan penguatan pendampingan dan surveilans gizi buruk di Kota Tangerang. Content: Laksa gurih merupakan sebuah program penanggulangan gizi buruk di Kota Tangerang. Berawal dari sebuah buku saku kader pendamping laksa gurih, Dinas Kesehatan Kota Tangerang mengembangkan buku tersebut menjadi sebuah aplikasi webbased. Dinas Kesehatan bekerjasama dengan Dinas Kominfo Kota Tangerang dalam pembuatan aplikasi. Sasaran pengguna aplikasi ini yaitu Dinas Kesehatan, ahli gizi puskesmas dan kader pendamping anak gizi buruk di Kota Tangerang. Aplikasi web Laksa Gurih berisi dashboard perkembangan data gizi buruk, entry data harian anak gizi buruk, laporan kohort dan referensi buku-buku panduan yang bisa dibaca serta di download. Satu anak gizi buruk didampingi satu orang kader pendamping. Kader pendamping melakukan kunjungan rumah balita setiap hari dan mencatat hasil kunjungan tersebut kedalam aplikasi e-Laksa Gurih. Data yang harus diinput kader kedalam aplikasi tersebut berupa berat badan, tinggi badan, LLA, catatan harian makan anak, kegiatan anak, kegiatan lain anak dan kondisi anak. Aplikasi ini sudah diperkenalkan kepada kader-kader melalui acara pelatihan tatalaksana gizi buruk di Dinas Kesehatan Kota Tangerang. Para kader sangat antusias terhadap aplikasi tersebut karena memudahkan mereka dalam pendampingan dan pencatatan selama pemantauan anak gizi buruk. Kelebihan aplikasi ini yaitu pemantauan dan keadaan anak gizi buruk lebih cepat diketahui, lebih akurat dan lebih spesifik. Ahli gizi puskesmas dan Dinas Kesehatan Kota Tangerang tidak lagi menunggu akhir bulan untuk mendapatkan data anak gizi buruk sehingga bisa dengan cepat mengambil langkah selanjutnya. Kekurangan aplikasi ini yaitu akses Laksa Gurih melalui handphone masih terlalu rumit, sehingga dibutuhkan pengembangan lebih lanjut.
Therapeutic feeding center in Sigi District: The challenges of reaching malnourished toddlers in mountainous areas Lago, Rossalin
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Objective : Malnutrition in children under the age of 5 years is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality. Every year more than 1 million children under five death because of severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Based on 2018 PSG data, malnutrion children in Indonesia are 17.70% spread across all provinces. Central Sulawesi with 13 districts/city contributed 19.6% of children under five with malnutrition and Sigi Regency recorded that 13.9% of children under five suffered from malnutrition in 2019. Content : One of the interventions carried out to overcome malnutrition is the Theurapeutic Feeding Center (TFC) program. TFC is a nutritional recovery tool that provides dietary and medical therapy for malnourished toddlers. In 2020 the Sigi Regency Government established a TFC at the Marawola Health Center which is located about 20 km from the district center. Marawola Health Center was selected as a TFC facility with consideration of trained human resources and supporting infrastructure. TFC Puskesmas Marawola currently serves malnourished toddlers from 176 villages in Sigi Regency. With the geographical condition of Sigi Regency which is a mountainous area, this could be a formidable challenge to bring service access closer. This study aims to analyze the challenges and obstacles to TFC services with targets scattered in mountainous areas and the solutions that have been carried out to bring services closer. Specifically, we will collect data from TFC officers, parents of malnourished toddlers who have been treated at TFC, parents of toddlers who refuse treatment, and authorized stakeholders. From these data, we can determine which solution to be taken to tackle the problems.
Evaluation of anemia in pregnant women based on SIMKIA SEMBADA data at 3 Health Centers in Sleman-Yogyakarta District Rezatiara, Ulva; Kandarina, Istiti; Rahmawati, Vista Ari
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine PHS8 Accepted Abstracts
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Background: Pregnant women are a vulnerable group who experience anemia, increasing the risk of short births and low birth weight babies. In a pandemic situation with the PPKM policy (Enforcement of Community Activity Restrictions), pregnancy examination services (integrated ANC) for pregnant women will still be carried out in accordance with health protocols. In antenatal care (ANC) services for pregnant women, health workers must provide quality services according to the SOPs. Objective: To evaluate anemia in pregnant women based on SIMKIA SEMBADA data. Methods: Data were collected through secondary data at SIMKIA SEMBADA and observation, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: There are 3 out of 25 Puskesmas in Sleman Regency, which continues to experience a constant increase in anemia prevalence from 2016-to 2020, namely Seyegan Health Center, Gamping-1 Health Center, and Gamping-2. Judging from the recording and reporting of ANC on the SIMKIA SEMBADA application from 90 anemic pregnant women who have given birth, 3% of babies are born with low birth weight, and 21% of babies are short. Pregnant women with anemia mostly occur in the age range of 20-35 years. Judging from the history of ANC visits, pregnant women in the three puskesmas areas have performed ANC since the first trimester of pregnancy. However, pregnant women still carry out early pregnancy checks in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Anemic pregnant women who receive ANC services, according to SOPs, are still low, below 77%. Conclusions and Suggestions: From SIMKIA SEMBADA data, there are still anemic pregnant women who are recorded as not having their HB checked according to the contents of the SOP for the management of anemic pregnant women; therefore, it is necessary to update the policy references in the SOP such as the policy of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 97 of 2014 and Regulation of the Regent of Sleman No. 15 of 2021 as well as re-socializing the implementation of SOPs aimed at improving service quality and optimizing service outcome data.

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