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Muammar Fawwaz
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pharmaceutical.reports@umi.ac.id
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Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Jl. Urip Sumohardjo KM 5 Kampus II, Makassar 90231, Indonesia
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INDONESIA
Pharmaceutical Reports
Published by Universitas Muslim Indonesia
ISSN : 28286030     EISSN : 28288734     DOI : https://doi.org/10.33096/pharm%20rep.v1i2
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmaceutical Reports is a peer-reviewed journal published by the Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, which was first published in 2022. We published two times a year in January-June and July-December. Our mission is to advance the science and practice of pharmaceutical research by working to develop and maintain competence, ethics, and integrity, and the highest professional standards in the specialty for the benefit of the public. Pharmaceutical Reports publishes studies that contribute to an understanding of some specific areas in pharmaceutical sciences including the following: - Analytical chemistry of organic and natural product compounds using instrumental analysis in pharmaceutical sciences including spectroscopy and chromatography method. - Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of biologically active compounds, diagnostic agents, or labeled ligands employed as pharmacological tools. - Molecular modifications of reported series that lead to a significantly improved understanding of their structure-activity relationships (SAR). - Structural biological studies (X-ray, NMR, etc.) of relevant ligands and targets with the aim of investigating molecular recognition processes in the action of biologically active compounds. - Pharmaceutics & Biopharmaceutics - Novel & Targeted Drug Delivery - Pharmacology & Toxicology - Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Microbiology - Pharmacy Practice & Hospital Pharmacy - Drug Regulatory Affairs
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Ilmu Farmasi
Articles 53 Documents
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The Role of Iron (Fe) in Health and Medicine: Scientific Interpretation of Surah Al-Hadid Verse 25 Fawwaz, Muammar; Sampurno, Bambang
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 4, No 2 (2025): (October) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v4i2.381

Abstract

Iron is a vital element for life, playing essential roles in oxygen transport, metabolism, enzymatic activity, and cognitive development. Surah Al-Hadid [57]:25 of the Qur’an references iron, which aligns with its biological, medical, and cosmic significance. This review examines the intersection of Qur’anic references, astrophysical evidence, and biomedical research related to iron, highlighting the numerical correlations between the surah number (57) and Fe-57, and verse 25 with iron’s atomic number (26). Modern astrophysics confirms that iron is synthesized in stars and delivered to Earth via supernovae, echoing the Qur’anic expression “We sent down iron”. Biologically, iron deficiency causes anemia, impaired immunity, and cognitive deficits, while iron-based therapeutics—including oral supplements, parenteral formulations, and nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems—demonstrate its crucial role in human health. Surah Al-Hadid [57]:25 exemplifies the convergence of divine revelation and scientific knowledge, encouraging ethical and informed utilization of natural elements in medicine and technology, reflecting harmony between spiritual guidance and scientific inquiry.
Revealing the Antioxidant Content in Banana Plants: A Nutritional Perspective and Health Benefits Ummum, Andi; Fawwaz, Muammar; Yuliana, Dewi
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 4, No 2 (2025): (October) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v4i2.380

Abstract

The banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) is a fruit widely consumed across tropical regions and recognized for its rich nutritional value and diverse bioactive compounds that contribute to human health. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant content of banana plants from both nutritional and pharmacological perspectives through a comprehensive literature review. The review was conducted using scientific articles and official guidelines published between 2015 and 2025. The findings indicate that the banana pulp contains essential nutrients such as carbohydrates (27%), proteins (1%), and a variety of vitamins and minerals including calcium, potassium, and iron. In contrast, the banana peel, often considered agricultural waste, is abundant in bioactive phytochemicals such as flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids, which contribute to its antioxidant potential. Antioxidant activity in banana extracts has been reported using various analytical methods, including DPPH (IC₅₀ = 439.12 µg/mL), FRAP (26.5828 mg QE/g extract), ABTS (IC₅₀ = 60.50–95.85 ppm), CUPRAC (EC₅₀ = 101–150 µg/mL), and CAA (397 ± 5 µmol TE/100 g) assays. Moreover, fruit maturity influences antioxidant capacity, with unripe banana peels generally exhibiting higher antioxidant activity than ripe ones. These results highlight that banana plants, particularly their peels, possess considerable potential as natural antioxidant sources for use in food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical applications. Furthermore, the valorization of banana peel aligns with the circular economy concept, promoting sustainable agricultural waste management and environmental conservation.
Chemical Profile of Red Dragon Fruit Peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) by Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry Anwar, Adillani Nur Mugfirah; Pratama, Mamat; Rahmawati, Rahmawati
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 4, No 2 (2025): (October) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v4i2.375

Abstract

Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus), a tropical species native to Asia, has gained attention for its potential as a source of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to characterize the chemical constituents present in the peel of H. polyrhizus using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The extraction process was performed through maceration with 96% ethanol for four days, followed by filtration and concentration using a rotary vacuum evaporator. The resulting ethanolic extract was analyzed using GC–MS under the following parameters: injector temperature of 250 °C and a programmed column temperature ranging from 70 °C (held for 2 min) to 200 °C at a heating rate of 100 °C/min. The chromatographic analysis identified a total of 82 distinct compounds, indicating the chemical diversity of the extract. Among these, the most abundant peak was detected at a retention time (RT) of 22.806 min, corresponding to pentadecanoic acid (C₁₅H₃₀O₂). The presence of fatty acids, esters, and phenolic derivatives suggests that H. polyrhizus peel may serve as a valuable natural source of antioxidants and other pharmacologically active constituents. Overall, the findings provide fundamental insights into the phytochemical composition of red dragon fruit peel, supporting its potential application in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical formulations.

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