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Muammar Fawwaz
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Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Jl. Urip Sumohardjo KM 5 Kampus II, Makassar 90231, Indonesia
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Pharmaceutical Reports
Published by Universitas Muslim Indonesia
ISSN : 28286030     EISSN : 28288734     DOI : https://doi.org/10.33096/pharm%20rep.v1i2
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmaceutical Reports is a peer-reviewed journal published by the Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, which was first published in 2022. We published two times a year in January-June and July-December. Our mission is to advance the science and practice of pharmaceutical research by working to develop and maintain competence, ethics, and integrity, and the highest professional standards in the specialty for the benefit of the public. Pharmaceutical Reports publishes studies that contribute to an understanding of some specific areas in pharmaceutical sciences including the following: - Analytical chemistry of organic and natural product compounds using instrumental analysis in pharmaceutical sciences including spectroscopy and chromatography method. - Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of biologically active compounds, diagnostic agents, or labeled ligands employed as pharmacological tools. - Molecular modifications of reported series that lead to a significantly improved understanding of their structure-activity relationships (SAR). - Structural biological studies (X-ray, NMR, etc.) of relevant ligands and targets with the aim of investigating molecular recognition processes in the action of biologically active compounds. - Pharmaceutics & Biopharmaceutics - Novel & Targeted Drug Delivery - Pharmacology & Toxicology - Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Microbiology - Pharmacy Practice & Hospital Pharmacy - Drug Regulatory Affairs
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Ilmu Farmasi
Articles 53 Documents
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Comparıson of Tannın-Compound Levels from Cacao Leaf Ethanol Extract (Theobroma cacao L.) by Place of Growıng Rekhan. T, Muh Rafli; Maryam, St.; Aminah, Aminah
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 3, No 2 (2024): (October) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v3i2.313

Abstract

Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the plantations commodities in Indonesia. The most abundant part of the cacao plant are the brown leaves. Cacao leaves contain several secondary metabolite compounds, one of which is tannin. Tannin has several properties, such as being astringent, antidiarrheal, antibacterial, and antioxidant. This research aims to determine the comparison of tannin compound levels from the ethanol extract of cacao leaves (Theobroma cacao L.) using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. Samples were taken from three areas, namely Jeneponto, Wajo, and Malino. This research method begins with sample preparation by maceration with a 96% ethanol solvent, then a qualitative analysis test is carried out using the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method, and a quantitative analysis test is carried out by standard measurement of tannic acid and determination of tannin content using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a maximum wavelength of 756 nm. The results showed that the ethanol extract of cacao leaves (Theobroma cacao L.) was positive for containing tannin compounds and had total tannin levels in the Jeneponto area (86.244 mgEAT/g extract), Wajo (79,417 mgEAT/g extract), and Malino (79.365 mgEAT/g extract). From the results above, it shows that the ethanol extract of cacao leaves from the Jeneponto area contains the highest levels of tannin compounds compared to the other two areas.
Comparison of Antioxidant Activity Based on Temperature Variables of Avocado Seed Extract from Maumere by 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhdrazy Method Pratama, Mamat; Kusuma, Andi Trihadi; Rahmat, Sri Rahayu; Safitri, Dewi; Efendi, Nurmaya
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 3, No 2 (2024): (October) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v3i2.308

Abstract

Avocados are plants that can grow well in tropical environments like Indonesia. People love this fruit because of its high antioxidant content and its delicious taste. The aim of this study was to measure the antioxidant activity of three extracts of ethyl acetate of avocado seeds (Percea americana Mill.) using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. The measurement was done using a quersetin as a reference standard with a maximum wavelength of 516 nm. The results of the study showed that the sample's half inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was 1,653.89 g/mL, 1,202.56 g/ mL, and 903.08 g/mL for two, four, and six hours, respectively.
Formulation and Evaluation of Physical Properties of Scrub Containing Kasumba Turate (Carthamus tinctorius Linn.) Water Extract Salam, Putri Julyany; Mirawati, Mirawati; Purnamasari M, Vina
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 3, No 2 (2024): (October) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v3i2.314

Abstract

The flowers of the kasumba turate (Carthamus tinctorius Linn.) has the potential as an antioxidant because it contains flavonoid compounds that can ward off free radicals. This study proposes and evaluates a pharmaceutically stable scrub from kasumba turate water extract. This study used an experimental method by extracting kasumba turate using an infusion method. The scrub formulation is made using a variety of emulgators, namely anionic emulgator amin soap (stearic acid and triethanolamine), nonionic emulgator (span 60 and tween 80) and anionic emulgator detergent (sodium lauryl sulfate). Physical stability tests were conducted before and after the condition accelerated for 10 cycles covering organoleptic, homogeneity, pH and viscosity. All scrub preparations that have been tested meet the criteria of each test both before and after the conditions accelerated, but the viscosity measurement results show that the formula using anionic emulgator amin soap is more stable physically, so it can be concluded that the water extract kasumba turate can be made into a stable scrub formula.
Potential of Qust Al Hindi (Saussurea lappa) Root as Anti-hyperuricemia: Literature Review Marwah, Marwah; Sukmawati, Sukmawati; Muflihunna, A.
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 3, No 2 (2024): (October) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v3i2.309

Abstract

Hyperuricemia is a condition characterized by increased levels of uric acid due to dysfunction in production or excretion. Uric acid is the product of purine catabolism originating from the degradation of purine nucleotides that occur in all cells. The first-line treatment for hyperuricemia is allopurinol. have side effects so that the use of traditional medicine with natural ingredients can be used as an alternative treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop compounds with xanthine oxidase inhibitor activity derived from natural plants with lower side effects. Xanthine oxidase is an enzyme that plays a role in catalyzing the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and uric acid. Qust al hindi contains several chemical compounds including flavonoids, steroids, terpenes, alkaloids, sesquiterpenes, costunolide, dehydrocostus lactone, cynaropicrin, and chlorogenic acid. This review will discuss the qust al hindi plant which has the potential to be an antihyperuricemia drug using the library study method. Data search was carried out using online search engine instruments such as Google, PubMed and Science Direct.
Phytochemical Screening of Ethanol Extract Qust Al Hindi roots (Saussurea lappa) Rahayu, Na'am Nur Azizah; Sukmawati, Sukmawati; Rahman, Safriani
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 3, No 2 (2024): (October) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v3i2.310

Abstract

Qust al hindi is a plant from the Asteraceae family which has various therapeutic effects in ancient medicinal systems. This plant is used in traditional medicine in Arab countries as a stimulant, carminative, sedative and astringent. The part of Qust al hindi plant that is most often used for medicinal purposes is the dried root of the plant. This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites contained in the root extract of the plant Qust al Hindi. The extraction process was carried out by the soxhletation method using 96% ethanol at 70ºC, and followed by phytochemical screening. The results of the phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract of the Qust al Hindi roots positively contained alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids.
Determination of Phenolic and Flavonoid Content of Ethanol Extract of Manila Sawo Leaf (Manilkara zapota L.) from Wajo District by Uv-Vis Spectrophotometry Suhaenah, Asriani; Hartina, Suki; Aminah, Aminah
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 3, No 2 (2024): (October) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v3i2.311

Abstract

Sapodilla Manila (Manilkara zapota L.) is a plant that is widely known by the public. People usually use sapodilla leaves as traditional medicine. Efficacy obtained from the presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in these plants. This study aims to determine the phenolic and flavonoid content of ethanol extract in sapodilla leaves (Manilkara zapota L.) from Wajo district. This research method used UV-Visible spectrophotometry and the reference standard used were gallic acid (phenolic) and quarcetin (flavonoid). The results showed that the average phenolic content of the ethanol extract of sapodilla leaves at a concentration of 100 ppm was 150.28 mgGAE/g extract and the average flavonoid content of the ethanol extract of sapodilla leaves at a concentration of 300 ppm was 36.577 mgQE/g extract.
Antioxidant Activity of Water and Ethyl Acetate Fractions of Qust Al Hindi Root (Saussurea lappa) Using DPPH Inhibition Method Musdalifah, A.; Sukmawati, Sukmawati; Tahir, Masdiana
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 3, No 2 (2024): (October) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v3i2.312

Abstract

Free radicals are molecules that do not have an electron pair in the outer shell, making them highly reactive. Oxidation due to free radicals can be prevented and inhibited by substances, namely antioxidants. Natural antioxidants are obtained from plants or fruits, one of which is Qust al hindi (Saussurea lappa).  Qust al hindi is a plant native to India that is used as a traditional medicine. Qust al hindi contains various phytochemical compounds, one of which is flavonoid compounds that function as antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the antioxidant activity of water and ethyl acetate fractions of qust al hindi plant roots by 1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) silencing method using UV-Vis spectrophotometry based on the calculation of IC50 value using GraphPad Prism Application. The results of this study indicate that the water and ethyl acetate fractions of qust al hindi plant roots have antioxidant activity against DPPH free radicals with IC50 values of 203.5 µg/mL; 193.3 µg/mL, respectively, which are included in the very weak and weak antioxidant groups.
Antioxidant Activity of Red Fruit Juice (Pandanus conoideus L.) Using the CUPRAC Method Arifin, Marina; Pratama, Mamat; Fawwaz, Muammar; Aminah, Aminah
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 4, No 1 (2025): (March) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v4i1.356

Abstract

Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam.), which belongs to the Pandanaceae family, is widely used by local Papuan people as a source of food, natural dyes, and traditional medicinal ingredients. Red fruit contains several compounds such as tannins, vitamin C, beta carotene, and flavonoids. This research aims to determine the presence of antioxidant activity using the Cupric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) method. Antioxidant capacity using the CUPRAC method is expressed as mg of ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE) per g of juice (mgAAE/g). The method is measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer with the maximum wavelength. Ascorbic acid was used as a comparison to assess the antioxidant ability of red fruit juice. The results showed that the antioxidant activity capacity of red fruit juice was 100.4 mgAAE/g. Thus, red fruit can be developed as a natural antioxidant.
Determination of Flavonoids Content of Gringsingan Stems (Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L) Kuntze) Extracted by Microwave Assisted Extraction Handayani, Selpida; Aminah, Aminah; Badu, Nurul Fadillah
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 4, No 1 (2025): (March) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v4i1.357

Abstract

Gringsingan plant (Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L) kuntze) is an plant belonging to the lamiaceae family originating from Sinjai district, South Sulawesi. This plant is empirically used by the people of Sinjai district as a medicine to relieve stomach aches. The modern extraction method used is microwave-assisted extraction, which is an extraction method that uses microwave radiation to speed up extraction by heating the solvent quickly and efficiently. The aim of this research was to determine the value of total flavonoid content in Gringsingan (Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L) kuntze) stems extract based on microwave-assisted extraction. This research was carried out experimentally in the laboratory. The stages of this research began with preparing test samples, testing the quality of flavonoid compounds, and ended with determining the total flavonoid content of gringsingan stems, which then measured their absorption using a UV – Vis spectrophotometer. In this study, the results were obtained that the Gringsingan stem extract was positive for containing flavonoids based on identification results using the Wilstater reagent. This sample was also declared positive for containing flavonoids based on the thin layer chromathography (TLC) test using the AICI3 specific reagent. Determination of the total flavonoid content of Gringsingan stem extract based on microwave assisted extraction. Obtained was 17.949 mgQE/g.
In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Bajakah Tampala Root (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.) Maskur, Sri Karina; Tahir, Masdiana; Razak, Rais
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 4, No 1 (2025): (March) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v4i1.358

Abstract

Bajakah tampala root (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.) contains phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins. Flavonoid compounds have pharmacological effects, namely anti-inflammatory. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract of bajakah tampala root by inhibiting protein denaturation in vitro using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and diclofenac sodium as positive control. The extract was prepared by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. The results showed that the ethanol extract of bajakah tampala root had a percentage of inhibition of 31.27% at the lowest concentration (10 ppm) and 43.28% at the highest concentration (50 ppm) with an IC50 value of 77.92 µg/mL and the ic50 value of diclofenac sodium is 12.26 µg/mL. The percentage of inhibition that is more than 20% is considered to have inhibitory power in the protein denaturation process. So, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of bajakah root has potential as an anti-inflammatory.

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