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Global Focus
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 27234215     EISSN : 27769399     DOI : 10.21776/ub.jgf
Core Subject : Social,
Social Sciences
Global Focus is a bilingual peer-reviewed journal that issues bi-annually in April and October. The Journal is managed and published by the Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya. Global Focus is an interdisciplinary journal that welcomes manuscripts of original empirical, analytic, and theoretical global studies. The purpose of Global Focus is to provide readers a broad, complex, and dynamic process of interactive decision-making that is continually evolving and responding to global political changes. The particular topics relevant to this Journal are international security, global political economy, global ethics and culture, transnational issues, and other related sub-fields. The Journal focuses on these main themes: - The rising of transnational actors/issues within global politics; - The alternative and beyond states perspective, and; - The interplay of global-local/international-domestic.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Politik dan Hubungan Internasional
Articles 7 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025)" : 7 Documents clear
Setting New Delhi's Sail: A Realism Perspective of India's Pivot towards Israel Gultom, Yosua Saut Marulitua; Manullang, Abel Josafat; Pradana, Muhammad Erza
Global Focus Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jgf.2025.005.02.5

Abstract

Since its escalation on October 7th, 2023, the Israel-Palestine conflict has become a pivotal event, drawing global attention and complicating post-COVID international relations. India's historical stance of nonalignment, rooted in anti-colonialism and southern solidarity, has traditionally favored Palestinian independence. However, since the 1990s, India has gradually shifted its foreign policy, deepening ties with Israel amidst evolving geopolitical dynamics. This paper explores the factors driving India's shift towards stronger relations with Israel through a realist perspective. This paper employs the qualitative research methods with literature studies using primary and secondary data. The paper examines India's strategic adaptations in response to its rivalries with China and Pakistan. It finds that under BJP leadership, India's relationship with Israel has flourished, marked by extensive diplomatic exchanges and significant arms trade, making Israel a crucial ally in India's defense modernization. This partnership has provided India with critical military capabilities and technological advancements. The authors conclude that India's pursuit of strategic autonomy allows it to maintain agency and pursuit of national interests with little to none external restraints. This strategic autonomy approach underscores India's commitment to enhanced security and technological self-sufficiency amidst regional and global power shifts.
Analysis of Bride Trafficking Activities From Pakistan to China in 2018 Syafiiqoh, Nabiilah Hanuun; M. Riza Hanafi
Global Focus Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jgf.2025.005.02.3

Abstract

This research examines bride trafficking activities from Pakistan to China in 2018. Bride trafficking itself is commonplace in both countries. From the Pakistani side, bride trafficking is still related to the practice of forced marriage. Meanwhile, from China's side, bride trafficking is the impact of the implementation of the one child policy, which will result in a population decline in the future. The cost of preparing a wedding dowry in China is high, so men, especially from rural areas of China, consider it cheaper to illegally "buy" women to marry. Pakistani women who are victims of bride trafficking to China are used to produce babies, thus leading to prostitution. This research aims to determine the factors causing bride trafficking from Pakistan to China in 2018 using Kevin Bales' Human Trafficking concept which has two main variables, namely Trafficking FROM a Country and Trafficking TO a Country. Keyword: Pakistan, China, Bride Trafficking, Human Trafficking
Community Humanitarianism and Social Resilience: Study of YSID within the Framework of Bottom-Up Humanitarianism Iskandar, Adryan Firmando; Diah Pitaloka; Pratama, Muhammad Abiel Dewa
Global Focus Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jgf.2025.005.02.1

Abstract

This article explores the practices of the Yayasan Sanggar Inovasi Desa (YSID) as a concrete example of bottom-up humanitarianism rooted in community participation. Moving beyond the dominant understanding of humanitarian action as short-term crisis response, the study situates YSID’s initiatives within the bottom-up humanitarianism and humanitarian-development nexus, highlighting their transformative and preventive dimensions. Through qualitative analysis of programmes such as Kongres Pemberdayaan Desa, Sistem Informasi Desa (SID), and inclusive economic empowerment, this research demonstrates how participatory governance, knowledge co-production, and institutional resilience collectively foster social dignity and local capacity. Integrating frameworks of human security, the capability approach, and co-production of knowledge, the study identifies three core indicators—participatory governance, institutional resilience, and social ownership—that reflect the effectiveness of YSID’s model. Field findings show that YSID's bottom-up approach avoids elite capture, empowers marginalised groups, and strengthens village institutions. Ultimately, the study argues that humanitarianism can emerge from community development practices that are inclusive, sustainable, and grounded in local values, challenging conventional, top-down humanitarian regimes. The YSID model thus offers a replicable framework for localised humanitarian action in the Global South.
Save the Children’s Roles in Fulfilling Global Child Rights: Implementer, Catalyst, and Partnership Gabriela Kilau Gemilang
Global Focus Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jgf.2025.005.02.2

Abstract

ABSTRACT Save the Children, a major international non-governmental organization (INGO), in fulfilling global children's rights by applying David Lewis’s theoretical framework that categorizes INGOs as implementers, catalysts, and partners. This qualitative-descriptive study utilizes document analysis and literature review as its primary methodology. As an implementer, Save the Children delivers essential services in health, education, and emergency relief, including innovative programs to combat pneumonia and inclusive education models for marginalized children. As a catalyst, the organization drives policy reforms and advocates for the protection of children's rights globally through public campaigns and legislative engagement. As a partner, it establishes strategic collaborations with governments, international agencies, and local organizations to ensure program sustainability and inclusive participation. The findings demonstrate that Save the Children effectively integrates these three roles across multiple sectors to uphold child welfare and advance Sustainable Development Goal 4. Furthermore, this study highlights the organization’s capacity to navigate global-local dynamics and contribute to transnational development governance, positioning itself as a key actor in the international child rights regime.       Keywords: INGO, Save the Children, child rights, global development, transnational actors  
Sun Tzu in the Age of Autonomous Warfare: A Reinterpretation of Classical Strategy in the Landscape of Cyber and Autonomous Conflict Turnip, Hiras M. S.
Global Focus Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jgf.2025.005.02.6

Abstract

The resurgence of classical military strategy amid the rise of digital technologies and autonomous systems calls for a critical reinterpretation of foundational doctrines. This article revisits Sun Tzu’s The Art of War, focusing on three central principles namely deception, intelligence, and indirect strategy, in the context of contemporary conflict marked by cyber operations, artificial intelligence, and non-kinetic warfare. Using a qualitative approach grounded in literature review and theoretical-critical analysis, the study maps how these classical ideas have been transformed within modern digital battlefields, including algorithmic disinformation, predictive intelligence, and infrastructure sabotage. In addition, the study proposes a fourth, contemporary principle rooted in Sun Tzu’s logic of ambiguity: the manipulation of strategic uncertainty in environments shaped by data, digital noise, and algorithmic bias. The findings suggest that Sun Tzu’s principles not only persist but also evolve structurally in response to technological pressures. This research contributes to the modernization of Eastern strategic thought in the face of modern war’s complexity and emphasizes the need to balance classical wisdom with new ethical frameworks in the age of autonomy. It invites readers to reassess enduring strategic values in light of disruptive, rapidly evolving technologies.
Do Crude Oil Exports Drive Economic Output in Nigeria? A Trade Data Analysis (1999–2024) Adesanya, Ayodeji Peter
Global Focus Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jgf.2025.005.02.4

Abstract

This study analyses how crude oil exports influence economic output in Nigeria using a 26-year dataset from 1999 to 2024. The study addressed three main research questions to include the trends in the value and volume of crude oil exports, the quantifiable relationship between export performance and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and the extent of economic dependence on crude oil exports. The study adopts a quantitative ex-post facto research design and employs trade data obtained through the United Nations (UN) Comtrade and Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) annual bulletins and GDP Data from the World Bank database for World Development Indicators. The data were analysed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and multiple regression. The findings reveal that the value and the volume of crude oil exports affect GDP, but the export value (measured in USD) correlates very strongly and consistently with economic output compared to the export volume (measured in kilograms). Also, vulnerability of the economy to changes in oil prices was reflected in the close correlation between GDP performance and export revenues. The negative GDP growth rate, particularly during oil price crashes in 2008/2009 and 2014-2016, highlights the macroeconomic weakness of Nigeria. The paper points to the structural dependence on oil, which continues even after a number of diversification policies. It concludes that a sustained economic growth will demand more than just a sound export performance, but a recalibration of the trade structure in Nigeria to become less dependent on crude oil.
Editorial Foreword Humanitarianism Re-Examined: The Structural, Strategic, and Security Dimensions of Human Welfare Editorial Team
Global Focus Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/

Abstract

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