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All Journal Indonesian Perspective Mandala: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Indonesian Journal of International Relations Padjadjaran Journal of International Relations Jurnal Al Azhar Indonesia Seri Ilmu Sosial Global South Review Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs Soshum: Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora Indonesian Perspective Global Focus Journal Middle East and Islamic Studies Hasanuddin Journal of Strategic and International Studies Bhuvana: Journal of Global Studies Jisiera: The Journal of Islamic Studies and International Relations
Gultom, Yosua Saut Marulitua
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Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Physics Social Sciences Other

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The Role of the Jewish Lobby Toward US Foreign Policy Making on the 2023 Israel-Palestine War (Case of AIPAC) Gultom, Yosua Saut Marulitua; Miftah, Hafidz Zaula
Hasanuddin Journal of Strategic and International Studies (HJSIS) Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/hjsis.v2i2.34405

Abstract

This paper examines the complex dynamics of the Israel-Palestine conflict, focusing on the role of interest groups, particularly the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) in shaping US foreign policy. The conflict, rooted in historical and territorial disputes, has seen recurrent escalations, most recently triggered by Hamas attacks on Israel. The United States, a longstanding ally of Israel, provides substantial financial and military aid, with AIPAC exerting influence on policymakers to maintain and strengthen this relationship. Through qualitative research methods and literature studies, the paper analyzes the impact of AIPAC's lobbying efforts on US policy responses to the Israel-Palestine conflict. The article finds that the AIPAC lobby is deeply rooted in US policymaking structures, ranging from vice-president, and higher-echelon staff, to parliament members. This article also finds that since 2021, AIPAC has developed its policy to participate in political campaign contributions. Understanding AIPAC influences, the authors note that ethical considerations are crucial to maintaining a strong and representative democracy in the United States. This paper recommends the US to refocus its national interest because such overly foreign influence on national policymaking has the potential to harm America's long-term relationships and interests in the Middle East if the US can’t make the barrier for foreign interference toward its national interests.
Kekuatan Normatif Diplomasi Lingkungan Uni Eropa Dalam Conference of the Parties (COP) 26 Gultom, Yosua Saut Marulitua; Manurung, Steven Montesquieu; Hutauruk, Muhammad David Ferdian; Wijaya, Muhammad Farid Gibran; Augustin, Aliffa
Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31947/hjirs.v4i01.31938

Abstract

In 1992, the United Nations convened the world's largest and most important climate- related conference, the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. During the event, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was adopted. Through the UNFCCC, countries agree to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to prevent harmful interference from human activities in the climate system. The treaty now has 197 signatures. Since 1994, the United Nations has brought together almost every country in the world to attend the World Climate Summit (Conference of the Parties (COP)) which is usually held every year. This scientific article raises the commitment of the European Union (EU) in implementing COP 26 through environmental diplomacy analysis. This scientific article aims to identify and analyze the European Union's commitment to cooperation in COP 26 in dealing with all environmental problems. Scientific articles use qualitative research methods based on literature studies. The result of this scientific article is that the European Union conducts environmental diplomacy through COP 26 by carrying out the discussions in COP 26. The conclusion of this scientific article is that COP 26 has several objectives that must be carried out by the countries involved, including the EU.     Pada tahun 1992, PBB menyelenggarakan konferensi terkait iklim terbesar dan terpenting di dunia ialah KTT Bumi di Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Selama acara tersebut, Konvensi Kerangka Kerja PBB tentang Perubahan Iklim (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)) diadopsi. Melalui UNFCCC, negara-negara sepakat untuk menstabilkan konsentrasi gas rumah kaca di atmosfer untuk mencegah gangguan berbahaya dari aktivitas manusia di dalam sistem iklim. Perjanjian itu sekarang memiliki 197 tanda tangan. Sejak tahun 1994, PBB mempertemukan hampir setiap negara di dunia untuk menghadiri KTT Iklim Dunia (Conference of the Parties (COP)) yang biasa dilakukan di setiap tahunnya. Artikel ilmiah ini mengangkat komitmen Uni Eropa (UE) dalam melaksanakan COP 26 melalui analisis diplomasi lingkungan. Artikel ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis komitmen kerjasama Uni Eropa di dalam COP 26 di dalam penanganan perubahan iklim. Artikel ilmiah memakai metode penelitian kualitatif berdasarkan studi literatur. Hasil dari artikel ilmiah ini ialah Uni Eropa mengadakan diplomasi lingkungan melalui COP 26 dengan menjalankan bahasan-bahasan di dalam COP 26. Kesimpulan dari artikel ilmiah ini ialah COP 26 memiliki beberapa tujuan yang harus dilaksanakan oleh negara-negara yang terlibat, termasuk UE.
Jakpreneur sebagai Upaya Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta Mempersiapkan ketahanan UMKM dalam menghadapi RCEP Gultom, Yosua Saut Marulitua; Saefulloh, Riesky Ramdhani; Maharani, Azzahra
Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31947/hjirs.v4i2.35233

Abstract

This article examines the opportunities and challenges faced by the Jakarta Provincial Government's initiative through the Jakpreneur program in improving the resilience of MSMEs amid the complexity of the RCEP regional trade agreement. This research is qualitative-based with a literature study with the concepts of economic resilience and MSMEs in International Relations. RCEP emphasizes the importance of MSMEs as a way to overcome the challenges of developing countries in the global supply chain. In Jakarta, the Jakpreneur program aims to empower MSMEs through training, access to financing, market linkages, and policy support, preparing them to take advantage of RCEP opportunities. The author highlights the interaction between Jakpreneur and RCEP, providing policy recommendations to strengthen MSMEs to face the free market. The conclusion of the article emphasizes the importance of special and different treatment for developing countries in RCEP, as well as the role of Jakpreneur in facilitating Jakarta MSMEs. Challenges faced include low competitiveness, limited access to financing, and inadequate infrastructure, but there are opportunities such as broader market access, international cooperation, and access to technology that can improve the competitiveness and efficiency of Jakarta MSMEs.   Artikel ini mengkaji peluang dan tantangan yang dihadapi oleh inisiatif Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta melalui program Jakpreneur dalam meningkatkan ketahanan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) di tengah kompleksitas perjanjian perdagangan regional RCEP. Penulis dalam penelitian ini berbasis kualitatif untuk melihat bagaimana Jakpreneur berperan dalam menghadapi RCEP. RCEP menekankan pentingnya UMKM sebagai cara mengatasi tantangan negara berkembang dalam rantai pasokan global. Di Jakarta, program Jakpreneur bertujuan memberdayakan UMKM melalui pelatihan, akses pembiayaan, hubungan pasar, dan dukungan kebijakan, mempersiapkan mereka untuk memanfaatkan peluang RCEP. Penulis menyoroti interaksi antara Jakpreneur dan RCEP, memberikan gambaran deskriptif terhadap Jakpreneur untuk memperkuat UMKM menghadapi pasar bebas. Kesimpulan artikel menegaskan pentingnya special and different treatmentuntuk negara berkembang dalam RCEP, serta peran Jakpreneur dalam memfasilitasi UMKM Jakarta. Tantangan yang dihadapi meliputi daya saing rendah, keterbatasan akses pembiayaan, dan infrastruktur yang kurang memadai, namun terdapat peluang seperti akses pasar yang lebih luas, kerja sama internasional, dan akses teknologi yang dapat meningkatkan daya saing dan efisiensi UMKM Jakarta.  
The International Energy Agency's Role in Supporting the Sustainability of Renewable Energy Supply in Indonesia Situmeang, Nurmasari; Putri, Sindy Yulia; Desbrantoro, Shafa Qisisina; Gultom, Yosua Saut Marulitua; Putri, Syifa Aprilia
SOSHUM : Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024): March 2024
Publisher : Unit Publikasi Ilmiah, P3M, Politeknik Negeri Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31940/soshum.v14i1.1-9

Abstract

Indonesia, as a country with abundant natural resources, faces serious challenges related to the use of non-renewable natural resources such as petroleum. Negative environmental impacts and the risk of depletion of these resources have triggered the need for a transition to renewable energy. We use an inductive qualitative method through document research as data collection. Given the International Energy Agency's (IEA) role in supporting national energy sustainability and reviewing Indonesia's energy policies, a pertinent question arises regarding its role in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the concrete role of the International Energy Agency (IEA) in supporting the sustainability of renewable energy supply in Indonesia with reference to SDG 7. This study finds that the role of the IEA in striving for a renewable energy transition in Indonesia centres on providing analysis of the potential and challenges as well as policy recommendations to direct the government in developing strategies for implementing renewable energy. The IEA also facilitates international cooperation, technology transfer, and investment in the renewable energy sector. Indonesia is committed to achieving the targets of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7, which focuses on universal access to affordable, clean, and sustainable energy. Cooperation with the IEA will continue to be key in achieving this goal, especially to achieve the net-zero emissions target by 2060 and ensure the availability of a sustainable renewable energy supply.
Perdagangan Minyak Sawit Indonesia ke India: Analisis Ecologically Unequal Exchange Gultom, Yosua Saut Marulitua
Indonesian Perspective Vol 8, No 2: (Juli-Desember 2023): 211-338
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ip.v8i2.53035

Abstract

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perdagangan sawit Indonesia dengan india menggunakan perspektif sistem dunia. Indonesia merupakan produsen sawit terbesar di dunia yang memasok lebih dari setengah kebutuhan sawit global, termasuk India. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa meskipun volume perdagangan dengan India berada pada angka yang tinggi, namun keuntungan yang didapat Indonesia cenderung menurun. Ketidakmampuan Indonesia dalam mengontrol harga sawit, salah satunya disebabkan karena masih bergantung pada permintaan global. Artikel ini berpendapat bahwa India mendorong basis produksi sawit yang murah ke negara peripheral seperti Indonesia yang berdampak terhadap kondisi ekologis masyarakat lokal, yang diperparah oleh dominasi kapitalis global terhadap penguasaan lahan sawit di Indonesia. Artikel ini membuktikan bahwa terjadi distribusi yang tidak setara antara benefit dan cost dari perdagangan sawit Indonesia dengan India, terutama pada aspek ekologis dengan Indonesia berperan sebagai negara peripheral.  
India Sebagai Mediator Global: Multi-Alignment Sebagai Upaya Dalam Mengatasi Resesi Global 2023 Gultom, Yosua Saut Marulitua; Kinanti, Finsy Aurelia Putri; Putri, Syifa Aprilia
Padjadjaran Journal of International Relations Vol 6, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/padjir.v6i1.47976

Abstract

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis sentralitasIndia melalui kebijakan multi-alignment-nya yang berusaha berhubungan baikdengan negara dari berbagai macam blok dalam forum multilateral untuk mencapai kepentingan nasionalnya demi menghadapi resesi global 2023. Menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik studi literatur, tulisan ini mencoba melihat upaya India dalam mengimplementasikan kebijakan multi-alignment, khususnya pada forum internasional. Tulisan ini meninjau sikap India sebagai kekuatan baru dalam memediasi permasalahan global. Tulisan ini berpendapat bahwa India merupakan sebuah kekuatan barudalam tata kelola global yang memiliki signifikansi yang kuat. Munculnya India sebagai kekuatan baru dipertegas melalui upaya strategis India dalam berhubungan dengan negara lain. Penulis meninjau keanggotaan India di forum-forum internasional yang menunjukkan preferensi India dalam tatanan global demi kepentingan nasionalnya. Peran aktif India di BRICS, IBSA dan IMF menunjukkan prestige India sebagai kekuatan baru di politik global dalam memposisikan kepentingan India. Adapun penulis menyarankan bahwa sentralitas India dalam forum internasional juga perlu lebih diperkuat, khususnya terhadap tantangan presidensi G20 mendatang yang berhadapan dengan resesi global 2023. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa kebijakan multi-alignment India efektif untuk mencapai kepentingan nasionalnya. This paper aims to describe and analyze India's centrality through its multi-alignment policy that seeks to relate well with countries from various blocs in multilateral forums to achieve its national interests to face the 2023 global recession. Using a descriptive qualitative method with literature study techniques, this paper tries to see India's efforts in implementing its multi-alignment policy, specially in international forums. This paper examines India's stance as a new power in mediating global problems. We argues that India is a new force in global governance that has strong significance. India's emergence as a new power is emphasized through India's strategic efforts in dealing with other countries. We reviews India's membership in international forums that demonstrate India's preference in the global order for its national interests. India's active role in BRICS, IBSA and IMF shows India's prestige as a new power in global politics in positioning India's interests. We suggests that India's centrality in international forums also needs to be further strengthened, especially against the challenges of the upcoming G20 presidency that faces the 2023 global recession. This paper concludes that India's multi-alignment policy is effective in achieving its national interests.
NILAI ISLAM DAN PEMBUATAN ALIANSI DALAM KEAMANAN GLOBAL: KASUS KOALISI KONTRATERORISME MILITER ISLAM (IMCTC) Gultom, Yosua Saut Marulitua; Andara, Namira Naza; Firzatullah, Mohammad Fadhil
BHUVANA: Journal of Global Studies Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Department of International Relations Universitas Satya Negara Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59408/bjgs.v2i2.184

Abstract

This research examines the role of Islamic values in the formation of global security alliances, with a focus on the Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition (IMCTC). Based on the background presented, this research explains that global terrorism has become a serious threat in the post-Cold War political landscape. Counter-terrorism efforts have evolved from the Global War on Terror (GWOT) to a more inclusive approach, including the formation of alliances such as IMCTC. The research method used is qualitative and literature review, enabling an in-depth understanding of the relationship between Islamic values and security alliance formation. The findings show that IMCTC, as a military alliance led by Saudi Arabia, aims to combat terrorism by promoting peaceful and inclusive Islamic values. IMCTC seeks to create a more secure and stable environment by blending military and non-military approaches while challenging extremist narratives and encouraging moderation. This paper provides insight into the potential of Islamic values as a moral framework in combating terrorism and maintaining global stability through sustainable international cooperation.
Too Precarious By Half: Understanding Indonesia’s Refusal Of Ex-ISIS Indonesian Citizens’ Return In Favor Of Its Security Interest Manullang, Abel Josafat; Maulana, Ana; Gultom, Yosua Saut Marulitua
Journal Of Middle East and Islamic Studies Vol. 11, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The problems stemming from ISIS does not only come during the pinnacle of its campaign of terror, rather it is also available following its downfall. One prominent example would be the many former ISIS members who now wish to return home. Indonesia, having some of its citizens joining ISIS back then, made the stern call to deny their return. To this day, debates and discussions over it still remain to this day. Against that backdrop, the article seeks to explain why the aforementioned decision was made by taking into account the security dimension of the matter. In carrying out this undertaking, the writers made use of both primary and secondary data procured from the internet under the qualitative research method. The forthcoming analysis is also supported by relevant concepts and theories like national security and rational choice theory. The paper begins with an overview of the issue at hand that entails ISIS's downfall along with the fate of Indonesia citizens who partook in ISIS's campaign of terror. Additional discussion is also provided as to how such a decision stands amidst Indonesia's commitment to the global human rights regime and why it still pales in importance to said security considerations.
From Centralization to Citizen Empowerment: Advancing Environmental Democracy in Fiji Gultom, Yosua Saut Marulitua
Hasanuddin Journal of Strategic and International Studies (HJSIS) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/hjsis.v3i2.43653

Abstract

This study examines Fiji’s intricate governance landscape, a product of its colonial past, military interventions, and subsequent constitutional reforms, which have collectively fostered a highly centralized political system. By critically analyzing the evolution of Fiji’s political structures alongside the case study of FIJI Water, the research highlights significant tensions between national unity efforts and the preservation of traditional indigenous governance. The study employs qualitative methodologies, drawing on extensive secondary data from academic literature, government documents, and media reports to assess the implications of centralized authority on democratic participation and environmental policy. Findings reveal that while recent reforms have sought to eliminate ethnic-based representation and promote a unified national identity, they have also marginalized traditional institutions and limited public accountability. In parallel, the FIJI Water controversy illustrates the broader conflict between corporate interests and the sustainable management of natural resources, as local communities continue to face challenges in accessing clean water despite the country’s global brand image. The analysis underscores the urgent need for legal reforms—such as enforcing Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) and decentralizing governance structures—to empower indigenous groups and strengthen public participation in environmental decision-making. Ultimately, the study argues that a recalibrated governance model, which integrates environmental democracy with political reforms, is essential for ensuring sustainable development and upholding human rights in Fiji.
ASEAN'S PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE AGAINST HYBRID THREAT IN CYBERSPACE Gultom, Yosua Saut Marulitua
Indonesian Journal of International Relations Vol 8 No 2 (2024): INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Publisher : Indonesian Association for International Relations

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32787/ijir.v8i2.590

Abstract

This research examines ASEAN's readiness and response to threats in cyberspace. ASEAN is a region with growing internet users and a thriving economy. Unfortunately, ASEAN's cyber defense is considered low. This research uses the concept of hybrid threats by Hoffman which states that future conflicts/war create hybrid strategies, where conventional and non-conventional means are brought together to see the vulnerability. Using a descriptive study using primary and secondary data in the form of official documents, journal articles, news, and internet sources. This article found that China's rise in the cyber field, as well as the attack activities it has carried out both directly and indirectly, provide a strong threat perception for the ASEAN region. For this reason, this article concludes that ASEAN must intensify collaboration within the region and with global partners while also establishing a comprehensive cyber defense strategy, including a potential for a cyber army across the region.
Co-Authors Alyanisa, Rahmah Ana Maulana, Ana Andara, Namira Naza Augustin, Aliffa Desbrantoro, Shafa Qisisina Firzatullah, Mohammad Fadhil Ghiffary Abdurrahman, Muhammad Kamil Hutauruk, Muhammad David Ferdian Kinanti, Finsy Aurelia Putri Kuncoro, Abdillah Ibnu Maharani, Azzahra Manullang, Abel Josafat Manurung, Steven Montesquieu Miftah, Hafidz Zaula Nurmasari Situmeang Pradana, Muhammad Erza Putri, Syifa Aprilia Saefulloh, Riesky Ramdhani Sindy Yulia Putri Wijaya, Muhammad Farid Gibran Zakiah, Halimatun