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All Journal JURNAL HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL JURNAL MUQODDIMAH : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hummaniora Padjadjaran Journal of International Relations Journal of Terrorism Studies Papua Journal Of Diplomacy And International Relations Jurnal Lemhannas RI Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Global Focus Journal Middle East and Islamic Studies Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional LINO: Asia Tenggara Dan Dinamika Hubungan Internasional Multidimensional Civilization Research: Journal of Islamic Studies Security Intelligence Terrorism Journal (SITJ) Digital Theory, Culture & Society
Manullang, Abel Josafat
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Religion Arts Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Physics Social Sciences Other

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AN UNDESIRED IMPLICATION FROM GLOBALIZATION: ISIS, AN ADAPTIVE THREAT IN A DORMANT PHASE Manullang, Abel Josafat; Wicaksono, Raden AP; Sudirman, Arfin
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 25, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Globalization has brought about numerous changes to the world. However, those changes and advances have also been enjoyed by terrorist groups, one of them is ISIS which uses those things in its terror acts. This article seeks to explain how ISIS has adapted and enhanced its capacity as a result of globalization. Apart from employing the qualitative research method, this article also uses concepts and theories like terrorism, globalization, and James D. Kiras's theory on how globalization enhances terrorism. This article would then proceed to the three matters of ISIS as a threat to national and international security, how ISIS has developed as a result of globalization, and how despite its current state, it is still a threat to reckon with. First, ISIS has shown its uniqueness as a terrorist group in its capacity to adapt to globalization and concern with territories. The latter pushed it to utilize the former to strengthen its grasp on the territories it has taken over. Moving on, ISIS has grown in its mobility, lethality, proselytizing, coordination, and security. Finally, despite its decline, the international community is left with ISIS's remnants as well as the prospect of its reemergence.
Erroneous Conduct of Foreign Policy: A Realism Analysis of US Involvement in the Vietnam War Manullang, Abel Josafat
Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional LINO Vol 2 No 2 (2022): Dinamika Politik Internasional dalam Studi Konflik dan Perdamaian Kontemporer
Publisher : Universitas Sulawesi Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31605/lino.v2i2.1977

Abstract

The Vietnam War is known to be one of the longest wars the US has been involved in. Many may have associated the war as just another one of the many proxy wars the US was involved in during the Cold War. However, there is more to learn from the Vietnam War as the recent conflicts the US was involved in, like that in Afghanistan, bore a resemblance to that of the Vietnam War. Hence, to understand the current state of the US, it is important to take a thorough look into the Vietnam War. The article aims to provide explanations to the driving force behind US involvement, its flawed approaches and perception towards its conduct in Vietnam along with the state of realism after the end of the Vietnam War. The article utilizes the qualitative research method along with the realism school of thought to answer the research questions. The result shows that the national interest on power accumulation and national security considerations were the driving force behind the US involvement. Moreover, on the issue of US approaches throughout the war, the reliance on realist values can be attributed as one of the factors that led to the US failure in Vietnam. In regard to realism's fate following the end of the war, it can be seen that the current and foreign policies made after the Vietnam War are still imbued with it.
Melindungi Nadi Bangsa: Upaya Indonesia dalam Mencapai Keamanan Maritim dan Keberlanjutan pada Tataran Global Alfi, Raihan; Manullang, Abel Josafat
Padjadjaran Journal of International Relations Vol 6, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/padjir.v6i2.49655

Abstract

Sebagai negara kepulauan, laut mempunyai peranan penting dalam kepentingan nasional Indonesia. Sistem internasional yang dinamis dan terus mengglobal mendorong Indonesia untuk mempertimbangkan berbagai persoalan seputar kelautannya. Dengan menggunakan data primer dan sekunder melalui metode penelitian kualitatif, artikel ini membahas tiga topik pembahasan. Pertama, posisi domain maritim dalam kepentingan nasional Indonesia. Dalam hal ini, Indonesia sangat mementingkan hal tersebut karena laut tidak hanya bagian penting dari negara, namun juga memberikan banyak peluang strategis bagi Indonesia. Mengingat pentingnya domain maritim, disajikan juga identifikasi ancaman terhadap keamanan maritim Indonesia. Dalam sistem internasional yang sedang mengglobal, ancaman tidak hanya datang dari sumber-sumber tradisional, namun sumber-sumber non-tradisional yang semakin menonjol seperti ancaman kejahatan transnasional serta kekhawatiran terhadap pemanfaatan laut yang berkelanjutan. Terakhir, dalam mengatasi ancaman yang muncul, Indonesia melakukan berbagai upaya domestik dan multilateral. Mulai dari mengembangkan pandangan sendiri terhadap kelautan, bergabung dengan kerangka multilateral di panggung internasional hingga mematuhi rezim internasional yang relevan seperti Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (khususnya SDG 14). As an archipelagic country, the sea plays an important role in Indonesia's national interests. The dynamic and increasingly global international system encourages Indonesia to consider various issues surrounding its seas. This research uses primary and secondary data through qualitative research methods. This article discusses three topics of discussion. First, the position of the maritime domain in Indonesia's national interests. In this case, Indonesia places great importance on this because the sea is an important part of the country and provides many strategic opportunities for Indonesia. Given the importance of the maritime domain, an identification of threats to Indonesia's maritime security is also presented. In the globalizing international system, threats come not only from traditional sources but also non-traditional sources that are increasingly prominent, such as the threat of transnational crime and concerns about sustainable use of the sea. Finally, Indonesia has made various domestic and multilateral efforts to address emerging threats. Starting from developing its view of the sea, joining multilateral frameworks on the international stage to complying with relevant international regimes such as the Sustainable Development Goals (especially SDG 14).
Hindrances for Settlement: ASEAN’s Difficulties in Dealing with the South China Sea Dispute Manullang, Abel Josafat
DIKSHI (DISKUSI ILMIAH KOMUNITAS HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL) Vol 3 No 1 (2023): JURNAL DIKSHI
Publisher : Program Studi Hubungan Internasional FISIP Universitas Udayana

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Abstract

As one of the thriving regions in the world, it is no surprise that Southeast Asia has met numerous problems as part of its development. One of which being the South China Sea dispute, a conflict that has yet to be solved either by the claimant states or notably ASEAN as the regional actor. To this matter, the writer seeks to explain what has been preventing ASEAN from making an effective move to the dispute. Through the use of qualitative research methods and incorporating the secondary data, the author seeks to explain the answers to the aforementioned guiding question. In the article, the writer explains in depth the three hindrances ASEAN is being faced with in regard to responding to the South China Sea dispute. First, China has proven to be an important actor in the entire scheme of the dispute, not only as a claimant state but also as a neighbor to the ASEAN member states. Such characteristic of China affects the ASEAN heavily as it worsens the apparent disunity ASEAN member states are facing in responding together to the dispute. Moreover, ASEAN must also take the outside parties, notably the US, into proper considerations in deciding its course of action.
The Role of International Cooperation in Indonesia’s Maritime Security: Study Case of MT Arman 114 Manullang, Abel Josafat
Jurnal Lemhannas RI Vol 12 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Lembaga Ketahanan Nasional Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55960/jlri.v12i2.509

Abstract

Purpose: This study explores the critical role of Indonesia's maritime domain in national development, focusing on its function as a connector for its archipelagic geography and a repository of natural resources. It highlights biological resources, such as fisheries, and non-biological resources, including natural gas and oil reserves, while emphasising the importance of safeguarding and optimising these assets for sustainable growth. Study Design/Methodology/Approach: The research utilises a qualitative approach, using secondary data from government reports, academic studies, and international maritime frameworks. A thematic analysis examines challenges and opportunities in Indonesia’s maritime security framework, with particular attention to non-state threats and the role of international cooperation. Findings: Indonesia’s vast maritime territory, covering 6.4 million square kilometres, offers significant economic and environmental benefits. However, these benefits face threats from illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, transnational crimes, and environmental degradation. Limited maritime security resources further hinder effective threat mitigation. Originality/Value: This study highlights the need for a multilateral approach to maritime security challenges. Drawing on the case of the Iranian supertanker MT Arman 114, it underscores the importance of international cooperation and technological advancements in strengthening Indonesia’s maritime security. The research contributes to the broader discourse on maritime security and regional stability in Southeast Asia
Fork on the Road: National Security as One of the Driving Forces behind Thailand’s Unilateral Move towards the Myanmar Crisis Manullang, Abel Josafat; Sudirman, Arfin; Rifawan, Affabile
Papua Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Cenderawasih

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31957/pjdir.v4i2.3534

Abstract

In June 2023, Thailand took a unilateral move to engage with Myanmar’s junta government, surprising ASEAN. It occurred in the midst of the lack of progress that ASEAN has made in addressing the Myanmar crisis, which directly affects Thailand as Myanmar’s closest neighbor. Although Thailand’s move did not worsen the situation, other ASEAN countries criticised it as going against ASEAN’s stance on the crisis. This article argues that Thailand’s decision was largely driven by concerns about its own national security. In terms of the research method, this article employs a qualitative approach. In particular, national security concepts and rational choice theory are employed to build the analysis. Using secondary data, this study shows how the Myanmar crisis impacts Thailand’s security, such as refugee inflows and airspace violations. ASEAN’s lack of progress, Thailand’s experience in engaging with Myanmar, and the presence of a precedent by Cambodia can also be seen as some of the driving forces behind its eventual move. KEYWORDSMyanmar crisis; National security; Rational choice theory; Thailand; Unilateral move
Too Precarious By Half: Understanding Indonesia’s Refusal Of Ex-ISIS Indonesian Citizens’ Return In Favor Of Its Security Interest Manullang, Abel Josafat; Maulana, Ana; Gultom, Yosua Saut Marulitua
Journal Of Middle East and Islamic Studies Vol. 11, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The problems stemming from ISIS does not only come during the pinnacle of its campaign of terror, rather it is also available following its downfall. One prominent example would be the many former ISIS members who now wish to return home. Indonesia, having some of its citizens joining ISIS back then, made the stern call to deny their return. To this day, debates and discussions over it still remain to this day. Against that backdrop, the article seeks to explain why the aforementioned decision was made by taking into account the security dimension of the matter. In carrying out this undertaking, the writers made use of both primary and secondary data procured from the internet under the qualitative research method. The forthcoming analysis is also supported by relevant concepts and theories like national security and rational choice theory. The paper begins with an overview of the issue at hand that entails ISIS's downfall along with the fate of Indonesia citizens who partook in ISIS's campaign of terror. Additional discussion is also provided as to how such a decision stands amidst Indonesia's commitment to the global human rights regime and why it still pales in importance to said security considerations.
Keeping the scale from tipping: Bolstering the sustainability of Indonesia’s data center industry development Manullang, Abel Josafat
Digital Theory, Culture & Society Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): December
Publisher : C-DISC

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61126/dtcs.v2i2.50

Abstract

The Indonesian government has demonstrated a keen interest in the digital economy. In order to further reinforce its digital economy, Indonesia has identified the data center industry as a key target for growth. The article employs a qualitative research method to elucidate potential avenues for enhancing the sustainability of Indonesia's data center industry. The article commences with an examination of Indonesia's digital economy potential and its correlation with the data center industry. In light of the projected growth of the digital industry and internet penetration, as evidenced by the 2030 estimates, the necessity for the establishment of data centers is becoming increasingly apparent. Subsequently, an analysis of the industry's financial implications is presented, with a particular focus on its considerable water and electricity consumption and associated greenhouse gas emissions. The aforementioned matter could impact Indonesia's progress in reducing its carbon footprint, not to mention other potential repercussions in numerous sectors. Domestically, Indonesia can pursue sustainable development through engaging with relevant domestic actors and promoting the wider use of renewable energy where it is deemed appropriate and feasible. Finally, with international cooperation, Indonesia can leverage its experience in ASEAN and engage with other states that are poised to develop their own data center industry.
Vestiges Of The World’s Bane: The Threat Of ISIS Resurgence Amidst The Turbulence In Postwar Syria Ramadhany, Ghifarie Aulia; Manullang, Abel Josafat
Civilization Research: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 4 No 2 (2025): Civilization Research: Journal of Islamic Studies
Publisher : PT. Student Rihlah Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61630/crjis.v4i2.116

Abstract

Some of the leftover from conflict such as unresolved status of ISIS-linked detainees, including women and children held in overcrowded and poorly managed facilities such as Al-Hol camp, continue to pose pressing humanitarian and security risks. This study aims to analyze the implications of prolonged detention on regional stability and radicalization efforts. By using a qualitative descriptive method, the research utilizes purposive sampling of secondary data from 2015–2024, which includes academic works, NGO and UN reports, and journalistic investigations. Our findings reveal that legal ambiguity, substandard living conditions, and lack of adequate oversight create a volatile environment that may deepen the spread extremist ideologies. The study also explores the role of geopolitical dynamics, especially Turkey’s involvement in northern Syria and the questions involving Kurdish groups. The paper contributes to current discourse by offering a unique approach of the ISIS remnant issue in postwar Syria. The authors emphasize the need for a coordinated international policy response, urging the need for detainee rights protection, rehabilitation efforts, and sustainable reintegration programs within the region.
Sebuah Khimera Keamanan: Dilema Kebijakan antara Keamanan Nasional dan Manusia di El Salvador Abdurrafi, Vieri; Manullang, Abel Josafat
Jurnal Ilmiah Muqoddimah: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hummaniora Vol 9, No 2 (2025): Mei 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31604/jim.v9i2.2025.944-953

Abstract

Kebijakan keamanan nasional dibawah kepemimpinan Presiden Nayib Bukele sejak tahun 2019 berhasil merubah kondisi keamanan di El Salvador. Penelitian ini akan membahas dampak dari strategi militerisasi keamanan nasional karena kekerasan geng MS-13 dan Barrio 18 terhadap hak asasi manusia (HAM). Penangkapan massal anggota geng saat penetapan keadaan darurat negara melanggar prinsip-prinsip HAM yang menghilangkan aspek penting dari keamanan manusia serta menciptakan sebuah ilusi keamanan. Metode yang digunakan ialah metode kualitatif melalui pendekatan deskriptif lewat studi literatur. Hasil penelitian ini adalah mengkaji ulang kebijakan keamanan Bukele yang menimbulkan dilema pengabaian terhadap hak-hak individu yang seharusnya dilindungi dalam konteks keamanan nasional. Kebijakan yang diterapkan oleh Bukele berhasil mengurangi angka kekerasan geng, tetapi juga menciptakan lingkungan yang represif bagi masyarakat El Salvador
Co-Authors Abdurrafi, Vieri Affabile Rifawan, Affabile Alfi, Raihan Ana Maulana, Ana Arfin Sudirman Gultom, Yosua Saut Marulitua Natawibawa, Ibrahim Izzan Pradana, Muhammad Erza Ramadhany, Ghifarie Aulia Salahuddin Hakim, Mohammad Apridio Sudrajat, Jasson Aditya Wicaksono, Raden AP