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INDONESIA
International Journal of Science and Environment
Published by CV. Inara
ISSN : -     EISSN : 28090551     DOI : https://doi.org/10.51601/ijse.v2i4
Core Subject : Science, Education, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Mathematics Physics
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) is to provide a research medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level research in the fields of Science and Environment . Original theoretical work and application-based studies, which contributes to a better understanding all fields of Science and Environment. The aim and scope of the journal Chemistry, Chemical Analysis, Physical Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Ecology, Biodiversity, Zoology, Biochemistry, Mathematics, Environmental Science, Agriculture, Environment, Forestry.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 382 Documents
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Position of The Investigation Termination Order (SP3) By The Police From The Perspective of Legal Certainty Banjarnahor, Viermann; Abidin pakpahan, Zainal; Yusuf Siregar, Muhammad
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara in Colaboration with www.stie-sampit.ac.id

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijse.v6i1.377

Abstract

The Investigation Termination Order (SP3) is an important instrument in the Indonesian criminal justice system, granted to investigators to terminate an investigation due to insufficient evidence, non-criminal events, or termination by law as stipulated in Article 109 paragraph (2) of the Criminal Procedure Code. This authority is directly related to the principle of legal certainty, which demands clarity, order, and protection for every individual facing the legal process. In practice, the SP3 serves to provide certainty of legal status for suspects to avoid criminalization or protracted investigations without adequate basis. However, the implementation of the SP3 often raises problems, especially when it is deemed non-transparent or has the potential for abuse by law enforcement officers. This can affect public trust in the Police institution and create uncertainty for victims or reporters. This research uses a normative juridical approach by examining laws and regulations, legal doctrine, and court decisions related to pretrial as an instrument of judicial control over the validity or invalidity of the issuance of the SP3. The analysis shows that although SP3 is a legal and necessary mechanism to maintain the effectiveness and accountability of investigations, its implementation still faces various challenges, such as inconsistent standards of evidence, minimal internal oversight, and limited public access to pretrial mechanisms. Therefore, strengthening measures are needed through increased transparency, standardization of investigation termination procedures, and optimization of the oversight function to ensure that the issuance of SP3 truly reflects the principle of legal certainty and does not conflict with the principle of human rights protection.
Legal Analysis of Brimob's Repressive Actions in Handling Demonstrations Between Law and Human Rights from the Perspective of Law Number 39 of 1999 Concerning Human Rights Siregar, Kaharuddin; Risdalina, Risdalina; Khoirul Ritonga, Muhammad
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara in Colaboration with www.stie-sampit.ac.id

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijse.v6i1.381

Abstract

This article discusses a legal analysis of repressive actions by the Mobile Brigade Corps (Brimob) in handling demonstrations in Indonesia. The main focus is directed at the compliance of the authorities' actions with the principles of law enforcement and human rights protection as stipulated in Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights. The use of force in demonstrations often raises controversy regarding the limits of authority, the legality of the actions, and the impact on citizens' basic rights such as the right to assemble, express opinions, and obtain protection from arbitrary action. This research uses a normative approach by reviewing laws and regulations, legal literature, and international human rights standards. The analysis results show that Brimob's repressive actions must always be based on legality, necessity, proportionality, and accountability to ensure human rights protection. However, in practice, violations that contradict human rights principles, especially related to the use of excessive force, are still found. This article emphasizes the importance of strengthening regulations, human rights training for officers, and more effective oversight mechanisms.
Application of The Death Penalty to Police Officers in Murder Cases (Cassation Study No. 813 K/Pid/2023) Alber, Giovani; Abidin Pakpahan, Zainal; Yusuf Siregar, Muhammad
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara in Colaboration with www.stie-sampit.ac.id

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijse.v6i1.382

Abstract

The background of this article is the phenomenon of strict law enforcement against law enforcement officers themselves, especially in murder cases involving members of the Indonesian National Police. The Supreme Court's Cassation Decision No. 813 K/Pid/2023, which imposed the death penalty on a police officer, is an important precedent to be studied. This article analyzes the effectiveness of the death penalty in this context by considering the defendant's positive contributions in the past. The discussion is conducted through philosophical, juridical, and sociological approaches. The results indicate that the consideration of the defendant's contributions does not automatically negate the unlawful nature of his actions, thus the death penalty is deemed effective as an effort to restore justice and public trust. In conclusion, this decision affirms the principle of equality before the law and functions as a shock therapy for the Police institution.
Repositioning The Legislative Power of The DPR in The Formation of Responsive Laws in Indonesia Yulianto, Winasis; Silvana Amalia, Dyah
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara in Colaboration with www.stie-sampit.ac.id

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijse.v6i1.387

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the shift in the legislative power of the House of Representatives (DPR) following the amendments to the 1945 Constitution and its implications for the formation of responsive laws. The research method employed is normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. The findings indicate that although Article 20, Paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution has granted the DPR the power to form laws, in practice, the process remains heavily dependent on joint approval with the President. To realize responsive legislation, the DPR needs to optimize the National Legislation Program (Prolegnas) and expand public participation spaces to ensure that the legal products generated are not repressive but instead reflect the genuine will and needs of the community.
Analysis of Indonesia and South Korea's Economic Resilience Strategy Risyad, Muhammad; Riyanta, Stanislaus
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara in Colaboration with www.stie-sampit.ac.id

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijse.v6i1.388

Abstract

In the era of globalization marked by a global growth projection of 2.8% in 2025 amid geopolitical tensions and supply chain disruptions, Indonesia and South Korea face economic shocks affecting GDP, inflation, and unemployment, prompting this qualitative descriptive study to analyze and compare their resilience strategies using secondary documents from BPS, Bank Indonesia, Bank of Korea, and IMF (2023-2025) as population with purposive sampling, analyzed via thematic reduction, comparative tables, and triangulation. Results show Indonesia sustained GDP growth above 5%, unemployment at 4.76%, and inflation at 0.76% in January 2025 through domestic market strengthening, downstreaming, and subsidies, while South Korea addressed 0.1% GDP contraction and high youth unemployment via flexible monetary policies, technological innovation, and vocational training. In conclusion, both nations' adaptive fiscal-monetary synergies proved effective, recommending export diversification for Indonesia and demographic incentives for South Korea to bolster future resilience.
The Effect of Combustion Temperature On Exhaust Gas Emissions : New multi-level drum municipal solid waste incinerator Putu Angga Yuda Pratama, I; Suprapta Winaya, I Nyoman; Wayan Arya Darma, I; Dwi Wahyuadnyana, Kadek
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara in Colaboration with www.stie-sampit.ac.id

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijse.v6i1.390

Abstract

Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a crucial problem in today's era where the growth of waste production continues to increase every year. One of the most effective thermal technologies used to reduce the volume of waste is through the incineration process. Incineration is the thermal-induced oxidation of waste to transform solid waste into inert ash and also sterilize or destroy hazardous chemicals and biological agents. A new multi-level drum incinerator was designed and fabricated with a plate thickness of 2 mm and a combustion chamber volume of 0.15 m3 and a height of 4 meters made from a drum with a diameter of 60 cm and coated with 5 cm thick refractory. During the incineration process of MSW, the incinerator emits exhaust gases or pollutants such as NOx, SO2, HCl, CO, and dioxins, which are harmful to the environment. To reduce the production of these pollutants, a suitable combustion temperature is required to ensure that MSW is well converted. In this study, the combustion temperatures were set at 450o, 500o, 550o, and 600oC. After testing, the lowest pollutant results were obtained at a combustion temperature of 600oC, with an average production of CO and CH4 of 0.29% and 0.120%, respectively. At this temperature, the combustion process occurs more quickly, and the measured combustion temperature profile is more stable, thus reducing the production of incinerator exhaust gases.
Irrigation Network Optimization Using Linear Programming in Wates Irrigation Area, Kediri Regency Ibrahim Alqowi, Musyaffa; Andiek Maulana, Mahendra
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara in Colaboration with www.stie-sampit.ac.id

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijse.v6i1.391

Abstract

Indonesia, as an agrarian country, has a high dependence on the agricultural sector, where the irrigation system plays a crucial role in increasing agricultural productivity. One of the main challenges in irrigation systems is the optimal efficiency of water distribution. This study aims to analyze the condition of the existing irrigation network in the Wates Irrigation Area (Daerah Irigasi/D.I.), Kediri Regency, and to develop an agricultural land optimization strategy based on the availability of irrigation water and a suitable cropping pattern. To enhance the effectiveness of water distribution and allocation in the Wates Irrigation Area, optimization of the existing irrigation network is necessary, considering seasons and water availability. A comparison between the water discharge requirements and the available network capacity is essential. The methodology of this research includes the evaluation of the irrigation network condition, analysis of crop water requirements, and the application of an optimization method using linear programming. The data used comprises climatological data, rainfall, and cropping patterns during the 2014-2024 period. The results indicate that the optimization of irrigation water distribution can increase the efficiency of resource utilization, reduce water wastage, and improve agricultural yields. It is expected that the implementation of this optimization will result in an optimal irrigation network compared to the existing one, thereby increasing farmer welfare and ensuring sustainable food availability. The research findings also provide recommendations for local government and relevant agencies in planning and managing more efficient and optimal irrigation networks in the future. The evaluation in the Wates Irrigation Area identifies that the hydraulic performance of the majority of existing irrigation channels is inadequate due to insufficient capacity and flow velocity exceeding the safe limit, thus requiring a total redesign of the channel dimensions to meet the planned discharge. Concurrently with this infrastructure improvement, agricultural land optimization utilizing a linear programming model with the objective function of maximizing profit and constraints of water availability and land area, tested several alternative cropping patterns; although irrigation water requirements vary (lowest at 914,761 m3/ha in Alternative I), the analysis shows that Alternative I, which begins planting in October I, yields the most significant MK I planting area (876 Ha) and is the most effective cropping pattern as it generates a maximum profit of Rp. 50,465,748,346.
Comparative Study of The Effect of Water Sample Preservation Variations and Spectrophotometer Types on Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Testing Results Sari, Melati Ireng; Prabu Putri, Zeolita; Anggun Sari, Debi; Indah Lestari, Dwi
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara in Colaboration with www.stie-sampit.ac.id

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijse.v6i1.393

Abstract

Water is a primary need for all living things, especially humans, to support survival and daily activities. However, not all water can be used directly by humans. Wastewater cannot be reused without treatment because it is produced from various industrial and domestic activities. Before treatment, water samples must be examined first in the laboratory to determine their quality. However, because the nature of wastewater is easily changed, special handling is needed to maintain its condition. The water samples used were industrial wastewater (AI) and domestic wastewater (AD) with variations of preservatives (P) and without preservatives (TP). Meanwhile, the spectrophotometers used were the DR 5000 and Pharo 300 types. The lowest COD levels were produced in wastewater samples without preservatives (TP), namely 234.4 mg O2/l AI and 8,441.5 mg O2/l AD. The lowest RPD percentage was 0.287% AD-P using a DR 5000 spectrophotometer.
Legal Analysis of Violent Acts by Police Officers in Handling Demonstrations in the South Labuhan Batu Jurisdiction Firmansyah, Raditya; Sriono, Sriono; Simon Tampubolon, Wahyu; Kumalsari M, Indra
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara in Colaboration with www.stie-sampit.ac.id

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijse.v6i1.395

Abstract

The handling of demonstrations by the police often receives public scrutiny, particularly regarding acts of violence that violate human rights principles and positive legal regulations. This study aims to analyze the legal basis for the implementation of police actions in demonstrations and assess the limitations of the use of force based on Law Number 2 of 2002 concerning the Police, Regulation of the Chief of Police Number 1 of 2009 concerning the Use of Force, and Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights. The study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory approach and case studies. The results show that acts of violence by officers in handling demonstrations generally occur due to deviations from Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), a lack of professionalism, and weak internal oversight. The implementation of the principles of necessity, proportionality, and accountability is still not optimal. This study recommends strengthening oversight mechanisms, increasing human rights training, and internal reform of the National Police to prevent abuse of authority. Police officers who commit violence that does not comply with procedures can be subject to disciplinary sanctions, code of ethics, and criminal charges based on the Criminal Code. In cases of excessive violence against protesters or without a valid reason, officers can be charged with assault under the Criminal Code, which carries the threat of imprisonment and fines.
The Relationship Between Work Posture and Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) Among Photocopying Workers Around Muhammadiyah University Surakarta Nurul Hikmah, Sela; Asyfiradayati, Rezania
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara in Colaboration with www.stie-sampit.ac.id

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijse.v6i1.396

Abstract

This study intends to evaluate the association between work posture and musculoskeletaldisorders (MSDs) among copier workers around Muhammadiyah University Surakarta. Thestudy used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design and was conducted inFebruary 2025 at photocopying businesses located in several areas around the campus,namely Duwet Raya Street, Mendungan Street, Garuda Mas Street, Gatak 1 Street, Gatak 2Street, and Menco Raya Street. Using total sampling technique, all 78 photocopying workersaround Muhammadiyah University Surakarta were included, and 56 people were willing toparticipate in the study. Work posture was examined using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment(REBA) method to establish the level of ergonomic risk, whereas MSDs complaints weremeasured using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire. Data analysis was performedunivariately and bivariately using the Spearman Rank Correlation test with a significancethreshold of 0.05. The results showed that most workers were in the low to moderate and highergonomic risk categories, with the most prevalent MSDs complaints in the neck, back, waist,right wrist, and calves. The Spearman Rank test showed a significant, fairly strong, andunidirectional relationship between work posture and MSDs complaints (p-value = 0.000; r =0.531), indicating that an increase in work posture risk was followed by an increase inmusculoskeletal complaints among photocopying .

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