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Lex Publica
Published by Asosiasi Pimpinan Perguruan Tinggi Hukum Indonesia
ISSN : 23549181     EISSN : 25798855     DOI : https://doi.org/10.58829/lp
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
Lex Publica (e-issn 2579-8855; p-issn 2354-9181) is an international, double blind peer reviewed, open access journal, featuring scholarly work which examines critical developments in the substance and process of legal systems throughout the world. Lex Publica published biannually online every June and December by Asosiasi Pimpinan Perguruan Tinggi Hukum Indonesia (APPTHI) and managed by Institute of Social Sciences and Cultural Studies (ISOCU), aims at critically investigating and pursuing academic insights of legal systems, theory, and institutions around the world. Lex Publica encourages legal scholars, analysts, policymakers, legal experts and practitioners to publish their empirical, doctrinal and/or theoretical research in as much detail as possible. Lex Publica publishes research papers, review article, literature reviews, case note, book review, symposia and short communications on a broad range of topical subjects such as civil law, common law, criminal law, international law, environmental law, business law, constitutional law, and numerous human rights-related topics. The journal encourages authors to submit articles that are ranging from 6000-8000 words in length including text, footnotes, and other accompanying material.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 8 No. 2 (2021)" : 6 Documents clear
Juridical and Sociological Foundations of Institutionalizing Sharia Economics in Indonesia Suadi, Amran
Lex Publica Vol. 8 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : APPTHI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (227.28 KB) | DOI: 10.58829/lp.8.2.2021.29-46

Abstract

Throughout the history of Islamic economics, economic freedom has been guaranteed by various traditions of society and by its legal system. In Indonesia, the concept of Islamic economics was born in the 1980s but was introduced to the public in 1991 when Bank Muamalat Indonesia was established, which was then followed by other financial institutions. Discussions on the future prospects of the Islamic economy in Indonesia should ideally begin by placing the legal basis as formal legality. Starting from Law No. 7 of 1992 concerning Banking, Government Regulation No. 72 of 1992 concerning Banks Based on Profit Sharing Principles, Law No. 10 of 1998 concerning Amendments to Law No. 7 of 1992 concerning Banking, then strengthened through Law No. 23 of 1999 concerning Bank Indonesia (BI), until the promulgation of Law No. 21 of 2008 concerning Sharia Banking, it seems very clear that the sharia economic system, especially in the banking system in Indonesia, already has legal legitimacy and legal certainty in a formal juridical manner. The sociological foundation of sharia economics in Indonesia can be seen from the community’s support and the development of sharia economics in Indonesia. The main reason that causes Islamic bank customers to become conventional bank customers still is rational reasons in the ease of financial transactions. They hope that the network of Islamic banks can be expanded and that Islamic banks can improve services and products that can accommodate their needs in financial transactions. Paying attention to this, in fact, the prospects for the Islamic economy are very promising in the future. From the description above, it can be understood that the future prospects of the Islamic economy in Indonesia are very bright and promising, both in the context of the juridical basis and in the context of its philosophical foundation. Abstrak Sepanjang sejarah ekonomi Islam, kebebasan ekonomi telah dijamin oleh berbagai tradisi masyarakat dan sistem hukumnya. Di Indonesia, konsep ekonomi Islam lahir pada tahun 1980-an namun diperkenalkan ke masyarakat pada tahun 1991 ketika Bank Muamalat Indonesia didirikan yang kemudian diikuti oleh lembaga keuangan lainnya. Pembahasan prospek ekonomi syariah di Indonesia ke depan idealnya dimulai dengan menempatkan landasan hukum sebagai legalitas formal. Berawal dari Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan, Peraturan Pemerintah No. 72 Tahun 1992 tentang Bank Berdasarkan Prinsip Bagi Hasil, Undang-Undang No. 10 Tahun 1998 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan, kemudian diperkuat melalui Undang-Undang No. 23 Tahun 1999 tentang BI , sampai dengan diundangkannya Undang-Undang No. 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah, nampak sangat jelas bahwa sistem ekonomi syariah khususnya pada sistem perbankan di Indonesia sudah memiliki legitimasi hukum dan kepastian hukum secara yuridis formal. Landasan sosiologis ekonomi syariah di Indonesia dapat dilihat dari dukungan masyarakat dan perkembangan ekonomi syariah di Indonesia. Alasan utama yang menyebabkan nasabah bank syariah masih menjadi nasabah bank konvensional adalah karena alasan rasional dalam kemudahan transaksi keuangan. Mereka sangat berharap agar jaringan bank syariah dapat diperluas dan bank syariah dapat meningkatkan layanan dan produk yang dapat mengakomodir kebutuhan mereka dalam bertransaksi keuangan. Mencermati hal tersebut, sebenarnya prospek ekonomi syariah sangat menjanjikan di masa depan. Dari uraian di atas dapat dipahami bahwa prospek ekonomi syariah di Indonesia ke depan sangat cerah dan menjanjikan, baik dalam konteks landasan yuridis maupun konteks landasan filosofisnya. Kata kunci: Pendaftaran Hipotek, Mekanisme, Perlindungan Hukum, Sharia Economics
Legal Heuristic Approach in Judicial Practice Syarifuddin, Muhammad
Lex Publica Vol. 8 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : APPTHI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (196.86 KB) | DOI: 10.58829/lp.8.2.2021.62-91

Abstract

Reform in the legal field in the form of law enforcement in a principled manner is one of the main pillars of the demands for law reform in Indonesia. Law reform was launched almost two decades ago with the hope that the rule of law being enforced sustainably. However, the last and highest milestone in law enforcement of judges and court decisions still needs to be addressed. In many cases, court decisions are deemed not in accordance with the public’s sense of justice. In this regard, the emergence of Supreme Court Regulation (Peraturan Mahkamah Agung) No. 1 of 2020) had institutionally marked legal reform in law enforcement and judiciary practice. This article explores the legal heuristic approach in law reform in Indonesia and how its application can benefit judicial practice. In order to produce good, fair, and correct decisions characterized by scientifically justifiable principles so that they can be accepted by all parties involved in a legal dispute, judges, prosecutors, and lawyers need to have adequate knowledge and skills about the paradigm of law that sees law as a multi-faceted entity, covering legal and non-legal aspects that affect the process of normalizing, enforcing and reforming laws to realize legal certainty, justice and purposiveness principles to all levels of society. Abstrak Reformasi di bidang hukum berupa penegakan hukum secara berprinsip merupakan salah satu pilar utama tuntutan reformasi hukum di Indonesia. Reformasi hukum dicanangkan hampir dua dekade lalu dengan harapan agar supremasi hukum ditegakkan secara berkelanjutan. Namun, tonggak terakhir dan tertinggi dalam penegakan hukum hakim dan putusan pengadilan masih perlu dibenahi. Dalam banyak kasus, putusan pengadilan dianggap tidak sesuai dengan rasa keadilan masyarakat. Dalam kaitan ini, kemunculan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung No. 1 Tahun 2020 telah secara kelembagaan menandai reformasi hukum dalam praktik penegakan hukum dan peradilan. Artikel ini mengeksplorasi pendekatan heuristik hukum dalam reformasi hukum di Indonesia dan bagaimana penerapannya dapat bermanfaat bagi praktik peradilan. Untuk menghasilkan putusan yang baik, adil, dan benar yang bercirikan asas-asas yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara ilmiah sehingga dapat diterima oleh semua pihak yang terlibat dalam suatu sengketa hukum, maka hakim, jaksa, dan advokat perlu memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang memadai tentang paradigma hukum yang berlaku memandang hukum sebagai suatu entitas multidimensi, meliputi aspek hukum dan nonhukum yang mempengaruhi proses normalisasi, penegakan, dan pembaruan hukum untuk mewujudkan asas kepastian hukum, keadilan, dan kebermanfaatan bagi seluruh lapisan masyarakat. Kata kunci: Heuristik Hukum, Praktik Peradilan Modern, Antikorupsi, UU Pemberantasan Korupsi
Legality of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology in Public Service Transformation: Possibilities and Challenges Mariyam, Siti; Setiyowati, Setiyowati
Lex Publica Vol. 8 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : APPTHI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (209.923 KB) | DOI: 10.58829/lp.8.2.2021.75-88

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze and formulate transformation policies in public services based on the use of information technology in the 5.0 era. This research is normative juridical research, with the empirical, case, and conceptual approaches, secondary data-based data sources analyzed by descriptive analysis. The results of the study show that the use of technology in the 5.0 era is relevant is Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology; this technology can be used in the context of public services in the cash transfer sector and also in services in the security sector, in the public service sector in the context of providing cash assistance. AI technology is used to process and analyze beneficiary data, and in the security sector, AI technology can be used to predict crime and recommend the presence of security forces. AI can also be used to detect faces where AI can guarantee greater accuracy than humans in face and time police officers. The use of AI in the context of public services has had an impact, namely in the form of a reduction in the role of humans in public services, in addition to placing AI at the forefront of public services, making public service interactions no longer person to person but the person to machine. The challenge of using AI in the public service sector is the very minimal readiness to operationalize the use of AI by the government.  Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dan merumuskan kebijakan transformasi dalam pelayanan publik berbasis pemanfaatan teknologi informasi di era 5.0. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan empiris, kasus dan konseptual, berdasarkan sumber data sekunder yang dianalisis dengan metode analisis deskriptif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan teknologi di era 5.0 yang relevan adalah teknologi Artificial Intelligence (AI), teknologi ini dapat digunakan dalam konteks pelayanan publik di bidang transfer tunai dan juga dalam pelayanan di bidang keamanan. , di bidang pelayanan publik dalam rangka pemberian bantuan tunai. Teknologi AI digunakan untuk mengolah dan menganalisis data penerima manfaat dan pada bidang keamanan teknologi AI dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi kejahatan dan merekomendasikan keberadaan aparat keamanan selain AI juga dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi wajah dimana AI dapat menjamin akurasi yang lebih besar dari manusia dalam menghadapi dan petugas polisi waktu. penggunaan AI dalam konteks pelayanan publik telah memberikan dampak yaitu berupa pengurangan peran manusia dalam pelayanan publik, selain menempatkan AI sebagai garda terdepan dalam pelayanan publik, membuat interaksi pelayanan publik tidak lagi bersifat personal. ke orang tetapi orang ke mesin. tantangan penggunaan AI di sektor pelayanan publik adalah kesiapan yang sangat minim untuk mengoperasionalkan penggunaan AI oleh pemerintah. Kata kunci: Kecerdasan buatan, Pelayanan public, Penggunaan Teknologi Informasi
Paradigm of Justice in Law Enforcement in the Philosophical Dimensions of Legal Positivism and Legal Realism Nurdin, Boy; Turdiev, Khayitjon
Lex Publica Vol. 8 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : APPTHI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (194.916 KB) | DOI: 10.58829/lp.8.2.2021.65-74

Abstract

Legal positivism is widely embraced in modern law in almost all jurisdictions in the world, including in Southeast Asia and Central Asia. Legal positivism fully depends on how the sentence is written in the law, while legal realism uses the law only as a reference, and in principle, formal law should not hinder material justice. The methodology used is normative juridical and sociological juridical. The outline of the conclusion is that law enforcement must use the paradigm of thinking with the formulation of laws coupled with conscience in order to achieve the goal of law, namely justice, and schools of law or schools of law that are more appropriate for law enforcement in Indonesia today. is legal realism in addition to positivism. Adequate education and training are needed to change the paradigm of thinking from positivism to realism in order to achieve justice. Abstrak Positivisme hukum dipeluk secara luas dalam hukum modern di hampir seluruh yurisdiksi di dunia, termasuk di wilayah Asia Tenggara dan Asia Tengah. Positivisme hukum sepenuhnya bergantung kepada bagaimana bunyi kalimat yang tertulis dalam undang-undang, sementara realisme hukum menggunakan undang-undang hanya sebagai acuan saja, dan secara prinsip hukum formil tidak boleh menghalang-halangi keadilan materil. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dan yuridis sosiologis. Garis besar kesimpulan adalah bahwa penegakan hukum harus menggunakan paradigma berpikir dengan rumusan undang-undang yang dibarengi dengan hati nurani agar tercapai tujuan dari hukum yaitu keadilan (justice), dan mazhab atau aliran hukum yang lebih tepat digunakan ke dalam sebuah penegakan hukum di Indonesia saat ini adalah realisme hukum selain postivisme. Pendidikan dan pelatihan yang memadai sangat diperlukan untuk mengubah paradigma berpikir dari postivisme ke realisme dalam rangka menggapai keadilan. Kata kunci: Penegakan Hukum, Positivisme Hukum, Realisme Hukum, Keadilan
Optimizing the Implementation of Beneficial Ownership in Transfer Pricing in Taxes as a Corporate Crime Kamilah, Anita; Khan, Md Zubair Kasem
Lex Publica Vol. 8 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : APPTHI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (266.977 KB) | DOI: 10.58829/lp.8.2.2021.47-64

Abstract

Tax is a source of state revenue that plays a major role in financing all state expenditures, including financing national development. The absence of counter-performance that the taxpayer can directly accept is one of the causes of tax crimes committed by corporations through transfer pricing practices, which are difficult to hold accountable, so it is necessary to optimize the application of the principle of Beneficial ownership (BO). The aim of this research is to examine the factors that cause transfer pricing as a form of corporate crime, the application of Beneficial ownership principles in the field of taxation, and the obstacles encountered in implementing Beneficial ownership in the field of taxation along with the solutions. The method is a normative juridical approach, descriptive-analytical research specifications, data types, and sources are derived from secondary data through the support of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials, and data analysis is carried out qualitatively. The results of the study explain that transfer pricing is a corporate crime that is supported by the use of earnings management, the use of opportunities for special relationships, the support of political connections, and thin capitalization. The application of the principle of Beneficial ownership in the field of taxation means that owners are entitled to enjoy income in the form of dividends, interest and/or royalties, which both individual and corporate taxpayers receive. The obstacles faced in implementing BO in the field of taxation are the weak update of information on Beneficial owners and their changes and partial and sectoral regulations. Abstrak Pajak merupakan salah satu sumber pendapatan negara yang berperan besar dalam membiayai semua pengeluaran negara termasuk membiayai pembangunan nasional. Tidak adanya kontra prestasi yang langsung dapat diterima wajib pajak menjadi salah satu penyebab terjadinya kejahatan di bidang perpajakan yang dilakukan korporasi melalui praktik transfer pricing, yang sulit untuk dimintai pertanggungjawabannya sehingga perlu dioptimalkan penerapan prinsip Beneficial ownership (BO). Tujuan penelitian untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya transfer pricing sebagai bentuk kejahatan korporasi, penerapan prinsip Beneficial ownership di bidang perpajakan dan kendala yang dihadapi dalam menerapkan Beneficial ownership di bidang perpajakan disertai solusinya. Metode pendekatan yuridis normatif, spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analisis, jenis dan sumber data berasal dari data sekunder melalui dukungan bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan hukum tersier, dan analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa transfer pricing merupakan kejahatan korporasi yang didukung pemanfaatan manajemen laba, pemanfaatan peluang hubungan istimewa, dukungan political connection dan thin capitalization. Penerapan prinsip Beneficial ownership di bidang perpajakan merupakan pemilik yang berhak menikmati penghasilan berupa deviden,bunga dan atau royalti, yang diterima baik wajib pajak perorangan maupun wajib pajak badan. Kendala-kendala yang dihadapi dalam menerapkan (BO) di bidang perpajakan yaitu lemahnya update informasi Beneficial owner maupun perubahannya, serta regulasi yang bersifat parsial dan bersifat sektoral. Kata kunci: Kejahatan Korporasi, Perpajakan, Transfer Pricing, Beneficial Ownership
Role of Environmental Law and International Conventions in Mitigating Climate Change Effects on Food System and Livestock Production Chowdhury, Amtul; Hossain, Mohammad Belayet
Lex Publica Vol. 8 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : APPTHI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (236.754 KB) | DOI: 10.58829/lp.8.2.2021.14-28

Abstract

Climate change nowadays is a global threat that is driven by human-induced greenhouse gas emissions and the changeable pattern of global weather. Though there have been previous periods of climatic change since the mid-20th century, humans have had an unprecedented impact on earth’s climate system and caused change on a global scale. Consequently, this is affecting the whole food system throughout the world. The utilization of the international legal framework and protocols will have an impact on the human’s food system and livestock production. This paper intends to focus on using legal frameworks and protocols to erase the impact of climate change on the food system and livestock production. By using the quantitative research method due to the pandemic situation, this study will explain the broad uses of the Kyoto protocol and Polluter Pays Principle and shall discuss various methods that will help these principles to erase the negative impact of climate change globally. Based on the findings, this paper provides recommendations that could be considered by the developed country to use the legal and social protocols for improving the impact of climate change on the food chain system of humans and livestock production. Abstrak Perubahan iklim saat ini merupakan ancaman global yang didorong oleh emisi gas rumah kaca yang disebabkan oleh manusia dan perubahan pola cuaca global. Meskipun telah terjadi periode perubahan iklim sebelumnya, sejak pertengahan abad ke-20 manusia telah memberikan dampak yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya pada sistem iklim Bumi dan menyebabkan perubahan dalam skala global. Akibatnya, ini mempengaruhi seluruh sistem pangan di seluruh dunia. Pemanfaatan kerangka hukum dan protokol internasional akan berdampak pada sistem pangan manusia dan produksi ternak. Makalah ini bermaksud untuk fokus pada pemanfaatan kerangka hukum dan protokol untuk menghapus dampak perubahan iklim terhadap sistem pangan dan produksi ternak. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif karena situasi pandemi, penelitian ini akan menjelaskan penggunaan yang lebih luas dari protokol Kyoto, Polluter Pays Principle dan akan membahas berbagai metode yang akan membantu prinsip-prinsip ini untuk menghapus dampak negatif perubahan iklim secara global. Berdasarkan temuan makalah ini memberikan rekomendasi yang dapat dipertimbangkan oleh negara maju untuk menggunakan protokol hukum dan sosial untuk meningkatkan dampak perubahan iklim sistem rantai makanan manusia dan produksi ternak. Kata kunci: Perubahan iklim, Emisi rumah kaca, Produksi ternak, Protokol Kyoto, Prinsip pencemar membayar

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