Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy
Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy is a journal that studies Islamic astronomy and Islamic laws related to astronomy. Astroislamica focuses on Islamic astronomy topics such as Qibla direction, prayer times, calendars, and eclipses through multiple perspectives, including Islamic law, mathematics, sociology, anthropology, politics, astrophotography, climatology, geophysics, and philology. E-ISSN 2963-0290 (Online - Elektronik)
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54 Documents
<![CDATA[Dinamika Penentuan Awal Bulan Kamariah Nahdatul Ulama: sebelum dan sesudah adanya formulasi kriteria imkan rukyat ]]>
<![CDATA[Afifah Mulya Alamsyah]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Ihtirozun Ni’am]]>
<![CDATA[ Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy (Juni) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Islamic Astronomy Department, Sharia and Law Faculty ]]>
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DOI: 10.47766/astroislamica.v4i1.5241
<![CDATA[Nahdatul Ulama is a large Islamic organisation in Indonesia that has many people and is engaged in religious sosial affairs. In NU, there is a special Lajnah that deals with phalactic issues, namely Lajnah Falakiyyah Nahdatul Ulama. However, the determination made by NU initially only used Rukyat which of course invited discourse on determining the beginning of the month using rukyat and imkanrukyat. This research has a formulation of how Nahdatul Ulama before and after the existence of imkanrukyat and aims to find out how NU addresses the determination of the beginning of the Kamariah month, especially before and after the existence of Imkan ar Rukyat in Indonesia and how the paradigma of determining the beginning of the Kamariah month which was originally only three months in a hijri year, then changed to every month in a hijri year. This type of research is library research. And it is concluded that Nahdatul Ulama as an Islamic organisation is an organisation that is very open to change as long as it does not violate the Islamic Aqidah, and in LFNU itself there is a dynamic paradigma. Of course the changes in the determination of the beginning of the month changed, when before the imkanrukyat LFNU was only based on rukyat alone, and rukyat was carried out only in three major months, then after the Imkan appeared, rukyat was carried out in six major months, and then became every beginning of the Hijri month.]]>
<![CDATA[The Problem of Non-Muslims Witnessing the Hilal: Perspectives of Fiqh, Religious Court Judges, and Thomas Djamaluddin ]]>
<![CDATA[Zulfian Wanandi]]>;
<![CDATA[Nur Afdal Purnama Putra]]>;
<![CDATA[Ulil Albab Al-Pateni]]>;
<![CDATA[Yusuf Nur Qalbi]]>;
<![CDATA[Kurniawan Kurniawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Haikal Rivaldi]]>
<![CDATA[ Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy (Juni) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Islamic Astronomy Department, Sharia and Law Faculty ]]>
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DOI: 10.47766/astroislamica.v4i1.3469
<![CDATA[The position of non-Muslim testimony in the rukyat hilal has long been a discursion in astronomy, a very popular problem is what if the witness is indeed an expert in the field of astronomy and observation of celestial bodies. Therefore, this study aims to study the strength of the testimony of a non-Muslim witness in observing the hilal at the beginning of the hijri month by using the views of several figures, to achieve this goal the author in his research uses a qualitative research method with an analysis of several literature sources and also interview sources from related figures, the conclusion of this paper is the position of non-Muslim witnesses in the testimony of the hilal at the beginning of the month Hijri is acceptable but his position as a witness to the case and not a legal witness, another view says that his position is the same as the position of the camera in recording the image of the hilal.]]>
<![CDATA[Implementation of L-Qibla for Qibla Direction Indicators in Graves ]]>
<![CDATA[Nurul Izza]]>;
<![CDATA[Sartika Sartika]]>
<![CDATA[ Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy (Juni) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Islamic Astronomy Department, Sharia and Law Faculty ]]>
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DOI: 10.47766/astroislamica.v4i1.3938
<![CDATA[The issue of determining the Qibla direction in Indonesia is a problem in worship that is rarely considered by Muslims, as they typically follow the established direction without rechecking its accuracy. This is especially true for the Qibla direction of graves, which is seldom addressed by academic experts in astronomy or the general public. However, the majority of scholars agree that aligning the deceased towards the Qibla is mandatory. Many people, however, overlook this issue. This neglect is due to the general lack of knowledge about how to accurately determine the Qibla direction, especially for graves. Therefore, there is a need for tools that can be easily understood by the general public. L-Qibla could serve as an alternative for the public to determine the Qibla direction for graves. This research is qualitative, using data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, and comparison. Data was obtained from measuring graves using several criteria and then tested for accuracy with the Istiwa'aini method. The findings are: 1) Many graves have their Qibla direction deviating by up to 40°. 2) The accuracy test of L-Qibla compared to Istiwa'aini showed a small difference, with an average deviation of 0° 46' 48", which is still within an acceptable range of Qibla direction deviation.]]>
<![CDATA[Implementation of Cattle Grazing Positions for Determining Cardinal Directions and the Qibla Direction ]]>
<![CDATA[Ardana Ash Siddiqi]]>;
<![CDATA[Friska Linia Sari]]>
<![CDATA[ Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy (Juni) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Islamic Astronomy Department, Sharia and Law Faculty ]]>
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DOI: 10.47766/astroislamica.v4i1.3470
<![CDATA[Cows grazing facing north or south is a unique fact that not everyone knows. Therefore, this needs to be studied as an addition to the scientific treasures of science, especially in the field of falak science, this can be related to one of the fields in falak science, namely Qibla direction. This research aims to reveal the truth that the cow's body faces North South so that later it can be used to determine the Qibla direction. The results showed that the method of determining the Qibla direction with the position of grazing cows is done by observation repeatedly in order to produce accurate results. After doing the research, it is true that the position of the cow when grazing exposes its body to the North or South so that this method can be used to determine the Qibla direction. However, there are still many shortcomings when using this method so there is still a need for in-depth research on cows. There is another unique thing, it turns out that it is not only cows that do the behavior of directing their bodies to North and South when grazing, there are other animals such as buffaloes, sheep, deer.]]>
<![CDATA[A Comparative Analysis of Qibla Direction Accuracy Using a Theodolite, Mizwala, and Right-Angle Triangle at As-Sakinah Mosque, Surabaya ]]>
<![CDATA[Safna Farah Dila]]>
<![CDATA[ Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy (Desember) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Islamic Astronomy Department, Sharia and Law Faculty ]]>
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DOI: 10.47766/astroislamica.v4i2.4796
<![CDATA[The Qibla direction is a fundamental aspect of Muslim prayer, requiring precise determination. This study evaluates the accuracy of the Qibla direction at the As-Sakinah Mosque in Surabaya by comparing three instruments: a Theodolite, a Mizwala, and a Right Triangle (Segitiga Siku-siku). Employing field experimental methods, the measurement data were analyzed using a comparative descriptive approach. The findings reveal significant variations in accuracy among the instruments: the Theodolite and Mizwala detected deviations of 5° 56' 48.71" and 5° 35' 4.21" respectively, whereas the Right Triangle method showed a substantial deviation of 25°. It is concluded that the mosque's current orientation deviates by approximately 5 degrees to the North, highlighting that digital optical instruments offer superior accuracy compared to simple manual methods in urban environments.]]>
<![CDATA[Assessment of Qibla Direction Accuracy at Tanwir Mosque, Surabaya,Using Theodolite Measurements ]]>
<![CDATA[Alfira Rahma Fauziah]]>
<![CDATA[ Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy (Desember) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Islamic Astronomy Department, Sharia and Law Faculty ]]>
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DOI: 10.47766/astroislamica.v4i2.5163
<![CDATA[Every Muslim is obliged to perform the five daily prayers, the validity of whichis contingent upon the fulfillment of several essential conditions, one of which is observing the prescribed prayer times. In addition, the orientation toward the Qibla constitutes a fundamental requirement that must be determined accurately based on geographical location. Regions situated to the east of the Kaaba are required to face westward in determining the Qibla direction, and conversely, regions located to the west must face eastward. This study aims to examine the accuracy of the Qibla direction at the Tanwir Mosque in Surabaya using a theodolite. The research employed a field-based observational method to obtain precise empirical data. The theodolite, as a modern surveying instrument, is widely recognized for its high level of precision in angular measurements. The findings indicate that minor discrepancies exist among measurements obtained using different instruments; however, these differences remain within acceptable tolerance limits. Compared to other measurement tools, the theodolite demonstrates the highest degree of accuracy. This research is significant in ensuring the correctness of the Qibla direction and in enhancing public awareness regarding the importance of precision in the performance of religious worship.]]>
<![CDATA[Akurasi Data Koordinat Atlas Der Gehele Aarde Dalam Penentuan Arah Kiblat: Studi Kasus BHRD Kabupaten Tegal ]]>
<![CDATA[Naelul Marom]]>;
<![CDATA[Ahmad Izzuddin]]>
<![CDATA[ Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy (Desember) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Islamic Astronomy Department, Sharia and Law Faculty ]]>
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DOI: 10.47766/astroislamica.v4i2.5946
<![CDATA[The determination of the Qibla direction in Indonesia ideally utilizes precise local coordinate data. However, the Board of Hisab and Rukyat (BHRD) of Tegal Regency employs a unique method by using coordinate data derived from the "Atlas Der Gehele Aarde," a Dutch colonial-era atlas, combined with a "Two Compass Method." This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of Qibla measurements resulting from this method and to analyze it from the perspectives of Falak science (astronomy) and Islamic law (Fiqh). This research is a field study using a qualitative approach. Data were collected through interviews with BHRD officials and direct verification measurements at five sample mosques using a Theodolite and Google Earth data. The results indicate a discrepancy between the BHRD calculations and modern astronomical measurements. The use of single-city coordinates from the Atlas and the neglect of magnetic declination in the compass method resulted in a Qibla deviation ranging from 1° to 2° 35'. Astronomically, this deviation is considered inaccurate as it exceeds the tolerance limit of 0° 42'. However, from the perspective of Islamic Law, particularly the Shafi'i school, these measurements remain legally valid (sah) under the concept of 'jihat al-ka'bah' (general direction) based on 'dzan' (strong assumption) for regions far from Mecca.]]>
<![CDATA[A Comparative Study of Lunar Eclipse Calculation Astronomical Algorithm Jean Meeus and Textbook On Spherical Astronomy W.M Smart ]]>
<![CDATA[Nur Fajriani Zar'ah]]>;
<![CDATA[Lalu Adam Prayogi]]>
<![CDATA[ Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy (Desember) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Islamic Astronomy Department, Sharia and Law Faculty ]]>
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DOI: 10.47766/astroislamica.v4i2.5957
<![CDATA[This research presents a comparative analysis of the lunar eclipse calculation method proposed by Jean Meeus in his textbook Astronomical Algorithms and the classical method described by W.M. Smart in his textbook Textbook on Spherical Astronomy. Lunar eclipses are celestial phenomena that can be accurately predicted using certain astronomical techniques. This research aims to evaluate the differences between modern and classical approaches in the calculation process. This research employs empirical data collection and comparison of calculation results on several lunar eclipses to evaluate the accuracy of both methods in predicting the time, duration, and phase of the eclipse. The findings are then compared with the results from NASA. This research is of the library research variety. The sources and types of data employed in this study include astronomical algorithm books and textbooks on spherical astronomy, as well as journal articles that align with the research theme. The data analysis employed by the researchers is a content analysis of the two books, then described with descriptive and comparative techniques. The principal findings of this study indicate that the two books exhibit discrepancies ranging from 3'50' to 19'18'. In comparison, the divergence with NASA results is 0'5.2', 0'10', 3'44.8', and 19'48' more rapid.]]>
<![CDATA[Eksistensi Ilmu Falak dari Masa Nabi Syits hingga Masa Nabi Idris ]]>
<![CDATA[Mutiara Tembang Langit]]>;
<![CDATA[Ahmad Izzuddin]]>
<![CDATA[ Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy (Desember) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Islamic Astronomy Department, Sharia and Law Faculty ]]>
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DOI: 10.47766/astroislamica.v4i2.5974
<![CDATA[This paper attempts to examine the historical development of astronomy, focusing on the lineage from Prophet Seth to Prophet Idris. Prophet Idris, as a descendant of Prophet Adam, plays a central role in the development of astronomical science. He is considered one of the pioneers in this field, with significant contributions in formulating and recording various astronomical knowledge. This paper aims to uncover the origins, evolution, and significant contributions of the prophets in the development of astronomy since the time of Prophet Adam. This paper relies on qualitative data collected through library research, using descriptive historical analysis of various sources, including religious texts and related literature. With this research framework, it was found that astronomy has been an integral part of human civilization since the time of Prophet Adam. This research also highlights the development of astronomy. The lineage of Prophet Adam serves as a framework for understanding how scientific knowledge, including astronomy, has developed in the context of agriculture, calculation, and prediction.]]>
<![CDATA[Implementasi Perhitungan Arah Kiblat Menggunakan Metode Vincenty dalam Bahasa Pemrograman C++ ]]>
Muhammad Mundhir
<![CDATA[ Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy (Desember) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Islamic Astronomy Department, Sharia and Law Faculty ]]>
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DOI: 10.47766/astroislamica.v4i2.6005
<![CDATA[Determining the direction of the Qibla is an important aspect of Islamic worship practices. To accurately determine the Qibla direction, geodesic calculations that take into account the Earth's ellipsoidal shape are required. The Vincenty method, designed to calculate the distance and azimuth between two points on the surface of an ellipsoid, is a suitable choice for this calculation. This research aims to implement the Qibla direction calculation using the Vincenty method in the C++ programming language. The C++ programming language was chosen because it is a strongly-typed and flexible programming language, widely used for software development, IoT systems, computer systems, and robotic systems. This implementation utilizes the geographic coordinates of the user's location (latitude and longitude) and the coordinates of the Kaaba in Mecca (latitude 21.4225° N, longitude 39.8262° E) as input. The Vincenty method is used to calculate the azimuth from the user's location to the Kaaba, which is then interpreted as the Qibla direction. The implementation results are validated by comparing the calculations with tested Qibla direction applications. The results show that the Vincenty method provides high accuracy in determining the Qibla direction, with a difference of less than 2 minutes of longitude. This implementation can serve as a foundation for developing accurate digital Qibla direction applications or even simple microcontroller-based systems.]]>
