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Journal of Psychiatry Psychology and Behavioral Research (JPPBR)
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 27230821     EISSN : 2723083X     DOI : https:/doi.org/10.21776/ub.jppbr
Core Subject : Humanities, Health, Education,
Humanities Education Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health
Journal of Psychiatry Psychology and Behavioral Research (JPPBR) consists of publications such as research studies, case studies, review article, short communication and theories of Psychiatry, Psychology, Human Behavior, and related areas. The journal provides information about mental health and issues around psychopathology, clinical cases, psychodynamics, technology on psychiatry, law and forensic psychiatry, psychopharmacology and psychotherapy.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 110 Documents
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CORONAPHOBIA AS PSYCHODYNAMICS AND COPING MECHANISMS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC Marcelino Giovanni Wirawan
Journal of Psychiatry Psychology and Behavioral Research Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Mental Health Awareness Approach by Understanding Literacy and Clinical Evidenc
Publisher : Departemen Psikiatri Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jppbr.2023.004.02.7

Abstract

Introduction – Since first appearing in Wuhan at the end of 2019, the corona virus has caused many losses in various aspects of human life. Starting from the physical-psychological aspect of health and socio-economic. Even now, the new policies adopted by the government also have a huge impact on people's daily habits. One of them is affecting a person's psychology, where the news about COVID-19 has been very developed, causing anxiety and fear among the community. With the many stressors that have emerged in this pandemic era, a person is required to have good coping skills to be able to cope with dangerous stimuli. For someone who has a bad coping skills, he will experience excessive fear and anxiety about the corona virus which is called coronaphobia. Methods – The author makes a review of 20 journals and 2 books discussing definitions, risk factors, psychodynamics, coping mechanisms and management of new phobias in this pandemic era. Results – From several literature reviews, the factors identified in this pandemic era were unforeseen reality, unending uncertainties, need of acquiring new practices and avoidance behavior, loss of faith in health infrastructure, contraction of COVID-19 by head of states, cautionary statements from international bodies, and infodemia. Discuss – Several identified factors factors are assumed to cause interference with routine life, catastrophizing interpretation of benign symptoms, and social amplification of risk which lead to coronaphobia. This requires a person to have a good coping mechanism to adapt to new habits of coexistence with this virus. If the coping mechanism of a person is bad, then the stressor will experience a psychosocial process causing a phobia against COVID-19 which is called coronaphobia.       Conclusion – Coronaphobia is excessive fear and anxiety due to the various effects of the corona virus, be it related to thoughts, information or the illness it causes. This new phobia is caused by the emergence of several risk factors in this pandemic era, which undergo some psychosocial process. Individuals who use maladaptive coping mechanisms are more likely to engage in risky behavior and experience health problems than those with adaptive mechanisms. Therefore, a good coping strategy is needed to avoid the occurrence of psychological problems such as coronaphobia that often arise during this pandemics.     Keywords: coronaphobia, COVID-19, psychodynamic, coping mechanism, fear.
DEFENSE MECHANISM AMONG INDONESIAN MOSLEMS COMMUNITY IN THE COVID-19 ERA Muhamad Irfan Dzihni
Journal of Psychiatry Psychology and Behavioral Research Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Mental Health Awareness Approach by Understanding Literacy and Clinical Evidenc
Publisher : Departemen Psikiatri Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jppbr.2023.004.02.8

Abstract

Introduction – COVID-19 has been a stressor to the general population, include the religious community. The coping mechanism came into many forms.The one mechanism among Indonesian moslems community seems to be disbenefecial, which sign is a denial of COVID-19 protocol and religious explanation. Here, we conclude the reaction according the theory of psychodynamics. Methods – Researcher review 9 journals and 3 books around the topics defense mechanisms, Indonesian islamic disobeying community, and rationalization. Results – The behaviour the moslem community present can be divided as obeying the rules and the opposite. propitiously, the majority of the communtiy tend to implement the regulation ruled. The rule-disobeying manners come into many forms, as appeared the anti-science community labelling the credence to science as a disbelief of god (syirk). Some came as an anti-vaccine community. Discuss – The use of disavowal may protect individuals from their awareness relating to their behaviours, but not effectively hide them from others. Rationalization is the most prevalent defenses in all personality disorders examined (schizotypal, borderline, antisocial, and narcissistic). Conclusion – Among Indonesians that are moslems in the era of pandemics, there are populations using rationalization to cope with the problems correlate to COVID-19 protocols. They tend to normalize the behaviour utilizing religious topics, such as the trust of faith than science. Rationalization is a disavoal of hierarchy of defense mechanisms. It can benefit physiologically relating to their rule-violating behaviour, but amidst pandemics, this is nonprovitable to self-biological health and social environment. Keywords: psychodynamic, defense mechanism, moslem, Indonesia.
THE IMPACT OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA ON BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER Nurina Hadini Hasya
Journal of Psychiatry Psychology and Behavioral Research Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Mental Health Awareness Approach by Understanding Literacy and Clinical Evidenc
Publisher : Departemen Psikiatri Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jppbr.2023.004.02.9

Abstract

Introduction – Currently borderline personality disorders has become a major focus of clinical findings. Borderline personality is defined as a disruption to the criteria for emotional instability, blurred identity, and spontaneous behavior that begins with adulthood. Usually, patients with borderline personality disorders have a trauma in their childhood where that trauma that makes their personality disturbed. Methods – The author makes a literature review of the effect of trauma in childhood on borderline personality disorder based on literature that has been published and had correlation. Results – Trauma that occurred at the time children will carry over to adulthood and affect the person's view about himself and others. Childhood trauma can include physical violence, sexual violence, abuse, emotional abuse, or perhaps just witnessing violence between families. Discuss – There is an assumption that there is a relationship associated with abuse in childhood, difficulty controlling emotions. That is show that neglected emotions can be attributed to a lack of strategies for emotional regulation. This is possible argued that diverse types of traumas may influence the degree of difficulty in regulating different emotions. Conclusion – there is a significant correlation with trauma in the childhood and borderline personality disorder. It is known that to prevent the occurrence of BDP, can be done with forget about childhood trauma. In summary, childhood trauma, is connected to unstable management of emotion control. Moreover, difficulty in managing the emotions have a big role between abusing emotion and acute borderline personality disorder.     Keywords: borderline personality disorder, childhood trauma, emotion.
ROLE OF PROBIOTIC SUPPLEMENTATION ON CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER Dennis Ievan Hakim
Journal of Psychiatry Psychology and Behavioral Research Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Mental Health Awareness Approach by Understanding Literacy and Clinical Evidenc
Publisher : Departemen Psikiatri Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jppbr.2023.004.02.10

Abstract

Introduction – Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the neglected problems which keep increasing worldwide and contributing high burden for the parents and sufferer. Currently, there are still no definitive or effective therapy existed. Probiotics are living beneficial microorganisms which can confer health benefits as management agent in ASD children. This paper will evaluate the role of probiotics as a promising management approach to ASD based on the novel knowledge thus increasing the patient’s quality of life. Methods – A literature review evaluating the role and effectiveness of probiotics in managing children with ASD is constructed with inclusion criteria based on PICOS framework. The article search strategy is using boolean operator with the main keyword “Autism Spectrum Disorder”, “Probiotic”, “Management” to get structured and specific results. Data extracted from Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane databases with and only papers published from 2011-2021 that are included. Results – The author reviewed 8 articles that met inclusion criteria. Studies were conducted globally in children of various ages and the probiotic intervention varies in dose and durations. All studies stating that probiotics are effective to improve the symptoms of children with ASD. The Improvement is related to autism symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, microbiome variety, and laboratory findings. Discuss – The improvements by probiotics are correlated to some mechanisms including control of gut integrity, restore good microbiome variety, maturation of the host immune system, signaling to CNS via ENS, correcting “opioid excess”, and oxytocin maximization. Conclusion – Probiotic has a role in managing children with ASD by improving the symptoms based on the gut-brain axis approach. In future research, it is suggested to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy and possible combination therapy of specific bacterial species of probiotic in clical trial research.     Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, probiotic, management, supplementation.
MALADAPTIVE PARENTING AND PEER GROUP BULLYING AS PATHOLOGICAL PATHWAYS TO BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER SYMPTOMS IN EARLY ADULT: CASE REPORT Hayuning Widhihutami; Zuhrotun Ulya
Journal of Psychiatry Psychology and Behavioral Research Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Mental Health Awareness Approach by Understanding Literacy and Clinical Evidenc
Publisher : Departemen Psikiatri Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jppbr.2023.004.02.5

Abstract

Introduction – Maladaptive experiences during adolescene have been consistently linked with borderline personality disorder. BPD is a serious mental illness characterized by pervasive pattern of instability in affect regulation, impulse control, interpersonal relationships, and self-image. Tthere was an interrelated relationship between parenting experiences and the development of BPD symptoms. Children who reported chronic bullying had a fivefold increase in the likelihood of developing BPD symptoms. Methods – Presented the case of patient, 20 years old young male with symptoms of borderline personality disorder turned out to have maladaptive parenting and history of became victim by peer group bullying since childhood. Data were taken from interviews and mental status examinations in psychiatric clinics, then a literature review was carried out. Results – The development of borderline personality disorder in adult linked with report of low care parenting, involves coldness, indifference, and rejection.  BPD is also inevitable from hereditary risk factors. Discuss – There is a direct significant association between being victim of bullying and development of BPD. Empathy is one important aspect of social behavior that may not function in BPD. Atypical depressed patients with affective dysregulation first diagnosed with borderline personality disorder if do not meet the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder. Conclusion – Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is very prone to occur in young adults. Starting from affect dysregulation, inability to impulse control, unstable interpersonal relationships, and unstable self-image that begin to develop in children and adolescents when exposed to environmental risk factors. Risk factors that are very often influencing are family and peer group relationships. BPD is also an entry point for developing into bipolar disorder. Therefore, effective interventions should be targeted, early preventing the development of affect dysregulation in the development of the borderline personality disorder by reducing exposure to environmental risk factors.     Keywords: borderline personality disorder, maladaptive parenting, bullying.
CHRONIC SMOKING AND PORNOGRAPHIC ADDICTION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENT WITH URBAN LIVING: CASE REPORT Gumilar Fardhani Ami Putra; Zain Budi Syulthoni; Zuhrotun Ulya
Journal of Psychiatry Psychology and Behavioral Research Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Mental Health Awareness Approach by Understanding Literacy and Clinical Evidenc
Publisher : Departemen Psikiatri Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jppbr.2023.004.02.6

Abstract

Introduction – Urban living, chronic smoking is a risk factor in schizophrenia. Pornographic addiction is also a potential risk factor of schizophrenia considering its neurobiological pathways. Schizophrenia is one of the most dangerous mental illness contributing to 2,8% years lived with disability. Considering many people with urban living, chronic smoking, and pornographic consumption, relation of these risk factors to schizophrenia is demonstrated in this case report. Methods – Presented the case of the patient, 39 years old with psychotic symptoms was found to be born and lived most of his life in urban area, smoking since junior high school, and often consumed pornographic contents since senior high school. Data were taken from psychiatric interviews, general, and mental status examinations in psychiatric clinics, then a literature review was carried out. Results – People who born, and live through their live longer in a larger city, have more risk of Schizophrenia. Patient was known to be born in one of the biggest city in Indonesia, before moved out to another urban area in different countries in last two years. Crave with chronic smoking and pornographic addiction become one of contraproductive conduct source which arise difficulty in patient’s side to take an health life style with the risk of poor prognosis and mental health deterioration. Discuss – People who born and live longer in urban areas such as cities are in increased risk of schizophrenia due to social status awareness and fast paced life induce brain stress. Chronic smoking is a risk factor of schizophrenia due to the effect of nicotine on dopamine levels. Pornographic addiction is a potential risk factor due to addiction pathway effect on dopamine threshold. Conclusion – Urban living, chronic smoking, and pornographic addiction are risk factors associated with schizophrenia found in this case report. Epidemiologic and pathophysiological mechanisms behind these risk factors are an interesting view for physician dealing with schizophrenia patients. Awareness of social status and fast paced life in urban lifestyle, pathways of nicotine in dopamine dysregulation, and dopamine-related impairment in addiction are the neurobiological mechanisms behind these risk factors which a physician needs to be aware of.     Keywords: schizophrenia, urban living, chronic smoking, pornographic addiction
BILATERAL SELF-ENUCLEATION IN THE FIRST PSYCHOSIS EPISODE IN A PERSON WITH DEPRIVED OF LIBERTY: CASE REPORT Daniela Arias Mariño; Alejandro Rojas Urrea; Tania Astrid Adame; Lyanne Paola Mesa Huerfano; Lorena García Agudelo
Journal of Psychiatry Psychology and Behavioral Research Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Mental Health Awareness Approach by Understanding Literacy and Clinical Evidenc
Publisher : Departemen Psikiatri Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jppbr.2023.004.02.2

Abstract

Introduction – Self-mutilation is an uncommon manifestation of diverse mental disorders and is more frequent in the first psychotic episode. The ocular, genital, and limb regions are the main areas affected. Methods – Presented the case of a 25-year-old male deprived of liberty who committed bilateral self-enucleation using a razor blade secondary to a first psychosis episode. Results – Patient did the auto-mutilation associated with magical and religious delusions, but there was no clinical evidence to consider it an organic mental disorder. Discuss – Self-multilation during the first episode of psychosis is highly related to schizophrenia spectrum pathologies. Delusions, especially auditory delusions and substance abuse, should be a red flag of psychosis. Conclusion – Knowledge about the consequences of psychiatric pathologies has a relevant impact on morbidity and mortality, especially in vulnerable populations. The case demonstrated the necessity of prompt treatment and psychiatric intervention to avert personal and non-personal injuries. Keywords: self-enucleation, self-mutilation, psychosis, self-harm, case report.
MEANINGFUL ACTIVITIES AND MEANING IN LIFE IN SOUTH KOREA: BASIC PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS SATISFACTION AS AN EXPLANATORY MECHANISM SaeMi Park
Journal of Psychiatry Psychology and Behavioral Research Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Mental Health Awareness Approach by Understanding Literacy and Clinical Evidenc
Publisher : Departemen Psikiatri Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jppbr.2023.004.02.1

Abstract

Introduction – The self-determination theory implies that autonomy, relatedness, and competence might influence the extent to which one perceives his/her life is meaningful. In addition, we examined whether the level of engagement in meaningful activities is subject to the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, which in turn is likely to form perceptions on a meaning in life. Methods – To address these questions, we analyzed survey data that is collected from South Korean adults at the individual level in March of 2023 (N=36). I conducted t-tests and a zero-order correlation before working on the serial mediation analysis. PROCESS macro model 80 is used to analyze serial meditation mechanisms including exposures to meaningful activities, basic psychological needs satisfaction, engagements in meaningful activities, and meaning in life. Results – The serial mediation model discovers two significant paths involving that higher levels of sense of autonomy have increased perceptions on a meaningful life. Also, once individuals regularly participate in meaningful activities, a sense of relatedness is shown to be enhanced. Discussion – This research can contribute to the study of public health by suggesting that beneficial psychological effects of engagement in meaningful activities have subsequent social implications through an increased sense of belongingness. More one senses autonomy, the more likely hold meaningful life perceptions. Participation in meaningful activities has to do with an increase in a sense of relatedness. Conclusion – Autonomy has a significant direct effect on meaningful life perception, which corroborates satisfaction with autonomy plays an important role in the South Korean population’s well-being. By designing initiatives is likely to enjoy greater levels of satisfaction in a sense of relatedness, implying an improved sense of belongingness to one’s network, including their neighborhood and society. Keywords: meaningful activities, autonomy, relatedness, competence, meaning in life.
DRESS SYNDROME AS SERIOUS SKIN HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH OLANZAPINE: CASE REPORT Javed Ather Siddiqui; Shazia Farheen Qureshi; Amr Ahmed Hafez; Waseem M Marei
Journal of Psychiatry Psychology and Behavioral Research Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Mental Health Awareness Approach by Understanding Literacy and Clinical Evidenc
Publisher : Departemen Psikiatri Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jppbr.2023.004.02.3

Abstract

Introduction – There are a variety of symptoms associated with this serious idiosyncratic adverse reaction, including fever, skin eruption, lymphadenopathy, eosinophilia, organ involvement, and hematologic abnormalities which clinical manifestations occur two weeks to two months after a triggering drug was administrated. Methods – Presented the case of a 50-year-old male who developed severe generalized erythroderma with exfoliative scaling skin erythema and maculopapular eruptions all over the body. This was associated with fever, eosinophilia, and leukocytosis after olanzapine ingestion. Results – This case called Dress syndrome, and the atypical antipsychotic olanzapine is one of the causes of this illness. This adverse effect is life-threatening, so early diagnosis reduces morbidity and mortality. Discuss – It is imperative that health care professionals and caregivers are aware of the symptoms of such life-threatening reactions during and after treatment. It is also necessary to understand the pathogenesis of diseases in order to develop personalized treatment plans. The medication history of patients with suspected DRESS must be checked. Conclusion – Dress syndrome is a serious and potentially devastating side effect of psychotropic medication. It is possible to experience adverse drug reactions after one dose or prolonged use of a drug or following a combination of two or more drugs. It is important for health care professionals and caregivers to be aware of the symptoms of such life -threatening reactions as part of the aftercare process during treatment. In order to develop personalized treatment plans, more research is necessary to elucidate its pathogenesis. It is imperative to check the medication history of patients with suspected DRESS. Usually, a patient who has previously taken a suspected drug will experience symptoms within two weeks of taking it.     Keywords: Olanzapine, psychosis, drug hypersensitivity syndrome, skin rash.
IMMUNE SYSTEM SUSCEPTIBILITY OF DEPRESSED PATIENTS TO DENGUE VIRUS INFECTION: CASE REPORT Tri Ratnawati; Doharni Olivia Natasha; Martha Dinar Alit
Journal of Psychiatry Psychology and Behavioral Research Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Mental Health Awareness Approach by Understanding Literacy and Clinical Evidenc
Publisher : Departemen Psikiatri Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jppbr.2023.004.02.4

Abstract

Introduction – Depression is a health problem that causes mortality and morbidity. The incidence of depression aged ≥ 15 years is as much as 6.1%. Another health problem is dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), where 71,700 confirmed cases of DHF have been reported in Indonesia as of July 2020. The study at Mayo Hospital Lahore explained that there is a correlation between DHF infection and depression. There is no study to describe susceptibility of the immune system of depressed patients to dengue virus infection in Indonesia. Methods – Presented the case of patient, female, 19 years old with initial diagnosis and management of DHF from internal medicine departement. We use a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) questionnaire to evaluated status mental patient. Results – The results of the patient's HDRS questionnaire showed that the patient had moderate depression. The results of the psychiatric examination showed depressive affect, anhedonia, anenergy and feeling useless with an onset 1 month before suffering from DHF. The patient was given pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy from psychiatry. Discuss – Late diagnosis and treatment of depression causes prolonged stress in the body. This condition triggers HPA axis and sympathetic nervous system which will increase levels cortisol, and increased secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines can reduce inflammatory response to incoming pathogens, so that body will be susceptible to dengue virus infection. Management of depression at a young age with psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy use SSRI and benzodiazepines for reduce the risk of suicide. Conclusion – Late diagnosis and treatment of depression makes immune system vulnerable to pathogens or infections. Interdisciplinary collaboration is needed so that the enforcement of psychiatric cases in hospitalization becomes more accurate and for further research to be carried out on the correlation of depression with the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever with a different research design.     Keywords: depression, DHF, HPA axis, proinflammatory cytokines, cortisol.

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